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THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

WITH JOANNE FREEMAN The Revolution becomes the beginning of a period in which the American nation was inventing itself, and this is a really dramatic kind of invention.
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Each course includes a full set of class lectures produced in high-quality video accompanied by such other course materials as syllabi, suggested readings, exams, and problem sets. The lectures are available as downloadable videos, and an audio-only version is also offered. In addition, searchable transcripts of each lecture are provided.
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COURSE TITLE
PROFESSOR NAME
DATE
African American Studies
AFAM 162
African American History: From Emancipation to the Present
Holloway, Jonathan
Spring 2010
American Studies
AMST 246
Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Faulkner
Dimock, Wai Chee
Fall 2011
Astronomy
ASTR 160
Frontiers and Controversies in Astrophysics
Bailyn, Charles
Spring 2007
Biomedical Engineering
BENG 100
Frontiers of Biomedical Engineering
Saltzman, W. Mark
Spring 2008
Chemistry
CHEM 125a
Freshman Organic Chemistry I
McBride, J. Michael
Fall 2008
Chemistry
CHEM 125b
Freshman Organic Chemistry II
McBride, J. Michael
Spring 2011
Classics
CLCV 205
Introduction to Ancient Greek History
Kagan, Donald
Fall 2007
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
EEB 122
Principles of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior
Stearns, Stephen C.
Spring 2009
Economics
ECON 252
Financial Markets (2008)
Shiller, Robert J.
Spring 2008
Economics
ECON 159
Game Theory
Polak, Ben
Fall 2007
Economics
ECON 251
Financial Theory
Geanakoplos, John
Fall 2009
Economics
ECON 252
Financial Markets (2011)
Shiller, Robert J.
Spring 2011
English
ENGL 220
Milton
Rogers, John
Fall 2007
English
ENGL 291
The American Novel Since 1945
Hungerford, Amy
Spring 2008
English
ENGL 300
Introduction to Theory of Literature
Fry, Paul H.
Spring 2009
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English
ENGL 310
Modern Poetry
Hammer, Langdon
Spring 2007
Environmental Studies
EVST 255
Environmental Politics and Law
Wargo, John
Spring 2010
Geology and Geophysics
GG 140
The Atmosphere, the Ocean, and Environmental Change
Smith, Ronald B.
Fall 2011
History
HIST 116
The American Revolution
Freeman, Joanne
Spring 2010
History
HIST 119
The Civil War and Reconstruction Era, 1845-1877
Blight, David W.
Spring 2008
History
HIST 202
European Civilization, 1648-1945
Merriman, John
Fall 2008
History
HIST 234
Epidemics in Western Society Since 1600
Snowden, Frank
Spring 2010
History
HIST 251
Early Modern England: Politics, Religion, and Society under the Tudors and Stuarts
Wrightson, Keith E.
Fall 2009
History
HIST 276
France Since 1871
Merriman, John
Fall 2007
History
HIST 210
The Early Middle Ages, 2841000
Freedman, Paul
Fall 2011
History of Art
HSAR 252
Roman Architecture
Kleiner, Diana E. E.
Spring 2009
Italian Language and Literature
ITAL 310
Dante in Translation
Mazzotta, Giuseppe
Fall 2008
Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
MCDB 150
Global Problems of Population Growth
Wyman, Robert
Spring 2009
Music
MUSI 112
Listening to Music
Wright, Craig
Fall 2008
Philosophy
PHIL 176
Death
Kagan, Shelly
Spring 2007
Philosophy
PHIL 181
Philosophy and the Science of Human Nature
Gendler, Tamar
Spring 2011
Physics
PHYS 200
Fundamentals of Physics I
Shankar, Ramamurti
Fall 2006
Physics
PHYS 201
Fundamentals of Physics II
Shankar, Ramamurti
Spring 2010
Political Science
PLSC 114
Introduction to Political Philosophy
Smith, Steven B.
Fall 2006
Political Science
PLSC 118
The Moral Foundations of Politics
Shapiro, Ian
Spring 2010
Political Science
PLSC 270
Capitalism: Success, Crisis, and Reform
Rae, Douglas W.
Fall 2009
Psychology
PSYC 110
Introduction to Psychology
Bloom, Paul
Spring 2007
Psychology
PSYC 123
The Psychology, Biology and Politics of Food
Brownell, Kelly D.
Fall 2008
Religious Studies
RLST 145
Introduction to the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible)
Hayes, Christine
Fall 2006
Religious Studies
RLST 152
Introduction to the New Testament History and
Martin, Dale B.
Spring 2009
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Literature
Sociology
SOCY 151
Foundations of Modern Social Theory
Szelnyi, Ivn
Fall 2009
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SPAN 300
Cervantes' Don Quixote
Gonzlez Echevarra, Roberto
Fall 2009
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24 cursuri de fizica de la Yale University http://oyc.yale.edu/physics

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DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
The Department of Physics at Yale offers a wide range of graduate and undergraduate courses in the various disciplines of the field, including five different introductory sequences for undergraduates, who may pursue either the B.A. or B.S. The graduate program provides research opportunities in numerous fields including atomic physics and quantum optics; nuclear physics; particle physics; astrophysics and cosmology; condensed matter; quantum information physics and applied physics. Learn more athttp://www.yale.edu/physics
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS I
WITH RAMAMURTI SHANKAR
This course provides a thorough introduction to the principles and methods of physics for students who have good preparation in physics and mathematics. Emphasis is placed on problem solving and quantitative reasoning. This course covers Newtonian mechanics, special relativity, gravitation, thermodynamics, and waves.
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS II
WITH RAMAMURTI SHANKAR
This is a continuation of Fundamentals of Physics, I (PHYS 200), the introductory course on the principles and methods of physics for students who have good preparation in physics and mathematics. This course covers electricity, magnetism, optics and quantum mechanics.
PRIMA PARTE http://oyc.yale.edu/physics/phys-200

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PHYS 200: FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS I

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About the Course This course provides a thorough introduction to the principles and methods of physics for students who have good preparation in physics and mathematics. Emphasis is placed on problem solving and quantitative reasoning. This course covers Newtonian mechanics, special relativity, gravitation, thermodynamics, and waves.
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Course Structure This Yale College course, taught on campus twice per week for 75 minutes, was recorded for Open Yale Courses in Fall 2006.
Course Materials Download all course pages [zip - 10MB] Video and audio elements from this course are also available on:
About Professor Ramamurti Shankar Ramamurti Shankar is John Randolph Huffman Professor of Physics at Yale. He received his B. Tech in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Madras and his Ph.D. in theoretical particle physics from the University of California, Berkeley. He joined the Yale faculty in 1977 after three years at the Harvard Society of Fellows. He is dedicated to teaching and has published two texts: Principles of Quantum Mechanics and Basic Training in Mathematics: A Fitness Program for Science Students. Hiswebsite has further details and a link to jokes collected by his students from Physics 200-201. Share This Course:
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1. Course Introduction and Newtonian Mechanics
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) Professor Shankar introduces the course and answers student questions about the material and the requirements. He gives an overview of Newtonian mechanics and explains its two components: kinematics and dynamics. He then reviews basic concepts in calculus through two key equations: x = x0 + v0t + at2 and v2 = v02+ 2 a (x-x0), tracing the fate of a particle in one dimension along the x-axis. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction and Course Organization 21:25 - Chapter 2. Newtonian Mechanics: Dynamics and Kinematics 28:20 - Chapter 3. Average and Instantaneous Rate of Motion 37:56 - Chapter 4. Motion at Constant Acceleration 52:37 - Chapter 5. Example Problem: Physical Meaning of Equations 01:08:42 - Chapter 6. Derive New Relations Using Calculus Laws of Limits Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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2. Vectors in Multiple Dimensions
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) In this lecture, Professor Shankar discusses motion in more than one dimension. Vectors are introduced and discussed in multiple dimensions. Vector magnitude and direction are also explained. Null vectors, minus vectors, unit and velocity vectors are discussed along with their properties. Finally, several specific problems are solved to demonstrate how vectors can be added, and problems of projectile motion are expounded. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Motion at Constant Acceleration 04:45 - Chapter 2. Vector Motion 2D Space: Properties 22:57 - Chapter 3. Choice of Basis Axis and Vector Transformation 38:20 - Chapter 4. Velocity Vectors: Derivatives of Displacement Vectors 43:40 - Chapter 5. Derivatives of Vectors: Application to Circular Motion 54:00 - Chapter 6. Projectile Motion Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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3. Newton's Laws of Motion
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) This lecture introduces Newton's Laws of Motion. The First Law on inertia states that every object will remain in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. The Second Law (F = ma) relates the cause (the force F) to the acceleration. Several different forces are discussed in the context of this law. The lecture ends with the Third Law which states that action and reaction are equal and opposite. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Vectors 09:29 - Chapter 2. Introduction to Newton's Laws of Motion, 1st Law and Inertial Frames 19:51 - Chapter 3. Second Law and Measurements as conventions 37:13 - Chapter 4. Nature of Forces and Their Relationship to Second Law 50:50 - Chapter 5. Newton's Third Law 01:03:15 - Chapter 6. Weightlessness Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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4. Newton's Laws (cont.) and Inclined Planes
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) The lecture begins with the application of Newton's three laws, with the warning that they are not valid for objects that move at speeds comparable to the speed of light or objects that are incredibly small and of the atomic scale. Friction and static friction are discussed. The dreaded inclined plane is dealt with head on. Finally, Professor Shankar explains the motion of objects using Newton's laws in specific problems related to objects in circular motion, such as roller coasters and a planet orbiting the Sun. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Continuation of Types of External Forces 14:50 - Chapter 2. Kinetic and Static Friction
31:34 - Chapter 3. Inclined Planes 49:04 - Chapter 4. Pulleys 57:30 - Chapter 5. Friction and Circular Motion: Roundabouts, Loop-the-Loop Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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5. Work-Energy Theorem and Law of Conservation of Energy
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) The lecture begins with a review of the loop-the-loop problem. Professor Shankar then reviews basic terminology in relation to work, kinetic energy and potential energy. He then goes on to define the Work-Energy Theorem. Finally, the Law of Conservation of Energy is discussed and demonstrated with specific examples. 00:00 - Chapter 1. More on Loop-the-Loop and Intro to Concept of Energy 11:57 - Chapter 2. Work-Energy Theorem and Power 29:19 - Chapter 3. Conservation of Energy: K2 + U2 = K1 + U1 44:39 - Chapter 4. Friction Force Effect on Work-Energy Theorem 56:13 - Chapter 5. Calculus Review: Small Changes Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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6. Law of Conservation of Energy in Higher Dimensions
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) The discussion on the Law of Conservation of Energy continues but is applied in higher dimensions. The notion of a function with two variables is reviewed. Conservative forces are explained and students are taught how to recognize and manufacture them. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Calculus Review: Small Changes for Motion in 2D 18:05 - Chapter 2. Work Done in 2D; Dot Products and Cross Products 36:16 - Chapter 3. Conservative and Non-conservative Forces 52:29 - Chapter 4. Cross Derivative Test for Potential Energy Equations 01:03:55 - Chapter 5. Application to Gravitational Potential Energy Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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7. Kepler's Laws
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) The focus of the lecture is problems of gravitational interaction. The three laws of Kepler are stated and explained. Planetary motion is discussed in general, and how this motion applies to the planets moving around the Sun in particular. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Conservative and Non-conservative Forces 09:19 - Chapter 2. Kepler's 3 Laws 20:16 - Chapter 3. Deriving the Nature of Gravitational Force 35:57 - Chapter 4. Derive Orbital Period (T) and Speed (v) in Space 49:47 - Chapter 5. Law of Conservation of Energy Far from Earth Surface 57:37 - Chapter 6. Reference Potential Energy at Infinity or Earth Surface Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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8. Dynamics of Multiple-Body System and Law of
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) The dynamics of a many-body system is examined. Through a variety of examples, the professor demonstrates how to locate the center of mass and how to evaluate it for a number of objects. Finally, the Law of Conservation of Momentum is introduced and discussed. The lecture ends with problems of collision in one dimension focusing on the totally elastic and totally inelastic cases. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Multi-body Dynamics The Two-body System 05:41 - Chapter 2. The Center of Mass 32:05 - Chapter 3. Law of Conservation of Momentum Examples and Applications 56:32 - Chapter 4. The Rocket Equation 01:03:19 - Chapter 5. Elastic and Inelastic Collisions Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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9. Rotations, Part I: Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) Part I of Rotations. The lecture begins with examining rotation of rigid bodies in two dimensions. The concepts of "rotation" and "translation" are explained. The use of radians is introduced. Angular velocity, angular momentum, angular acceleration, torque and inertia are also discussed. Finally, the Parallel Axis Theorem is expounded. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction to Rigid Bodies; Rotation of Rigid Bodies 08:15 - Chapter 2. Rotation in Terms of Circle Parameters and Radian 19:57 - Chapter 3. Radial and Tangential Rotation at Constant Acceleration 28:34 - Chapter 4. Moment of Inertia, Angular Momentum, Kinetic Energy 46:47 - Chapter 5. Torque and Work Energy Theorem 01:01:36 - Chapter 6. Calculate Moment of Inertia: Examples for Rod, Disk, etc. Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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10. Rotations, Part II: Parallel Axis Theorem
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) Part II of Rotations. The lecture begins with an explanation of the Parallel Axis Theorem and how it is applied in problems concerning rotation of rigid bodies. The moment of inertia of a disk is discussed as a demonstration of the theorem. Angular momentum and angular velocity are examined in a variety of problems. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review and Derive the Parallel Axis Theorem 16:27 - Chapter 2. For System of Masses: Derive KEtotal = MV2 + ICM2 27:55 - Chapter 3. Derive KEtotal in Terms of Equivalent Rotation about Stationary Point 38:40 - Chapter 4. Effect of Rotational Kinetic Energy on Translational Motion for No Skid 43:41 - Chapter 5. Example Problem: Torque on a Disk 49:30 - Chapter 6. Advanced Example Problem: Pulley Rotating and Translating 01:02:14 - Chapter 7. Example Problem: Systems with Angular Moment Conserved 01:09:09 - Chapter 8. Application: Angular Momentum Changes for Spinning Ballerina Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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11. Torque
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) This lecture is a continuation of an analogue to Newton's law: = l. While previous problems examined situations in which is not zero, this time the focus is on extreme cases in which there is no torque at all. If there is no torque, is zero and the angular velocity is constant. The lecture starts with a simple example of a seesaw and moves on to discuss a collection of objects that are somehow subject to a variety of forces but remain in static equilibrium. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Static Equilibrium Case of Zero-torque, Zero-angular Velocity
03:47 - Chapter 2. The Seesaw Example 12:02 - Chapter 3. The Case of a Rod Supported by Pivot on a Wall 21:04 - Chapter 4. The Case of a Rod Supported by a Wire 29:08 - Chapter 5. The Case of the Leaning Ladder 40:05 - Chapter 6. Rigid Body Dynamics in 3D 01:04:46 - Chapter 7. The Case of a Gyroscope Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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12. Introduction to Relativity
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) This is the first of a series of lectures on relativity. The lecture begins with a historical overview and goes into problems that aim to describe a single event as seen by two independent observers. Maxwell's theory, as well as the Galilean and Lorentz transformations are also discussed. 00:00 - Chapter 1. The Meaning of Relativity 18:10 - Chapter 2. The Galilean Transformation and its Consequences 31:35 - Chapter 3. The Medium of Light 43:22 - Chapter 4. The Two Postulates of Relativity 46:48 - Chapter 5. Length Contraction and Time Dilation 55:34 - Chapter 6. Deriving the Lorentz Transformation Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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13. Lorentz Transformation
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) This lecture offers detailed analysis of the Lorentz transformations which relate the coordinates of an event in two frames in relative motion. It is shown how length, time and simultaneity are relative. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Describing an Event with Two Observers 33:58 - Chapter 2. The Relativity of Simultaneity 41:57 - Chapter 3. Time Dilation 53:41 - Chapter 4. The Twin Paradox 01:00:02 - Chapter 5. Length Contraction Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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14. Introduction to the Four-Vector
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) The four-vector is introduced that unifies space-time coordinates x, y, z and t into a single entity whose components get mixed up under Lorentz transformations. The length of this four-vector, called the space-time interval, is shown to be invariant (the same for all observers). Likewise energy and momentum are unified into the energy-momentum four-vector. 00:00 - Chapter 1. RecapConsequences of the Lorentz Transformations 06:25 - Chapter 2. Causality Paradoxes: "Killing the Grandmother" 15:22 - Chapter 3. A New Understanding of Space-Time 25:51 - Chapter 4. Introducing the Fourth Dimension and Four-Vector Algebra 44:09 - Chapter 5. The Space-Time Interval, or "Proper Time" 51:47 - Chapter 6. Deriving the Velocity and Momentum Vectors in Space-Time 01:04:40 - Chapter 7. The New Energy-Mass Relation Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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15. Four-Vector in Relativity
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) The discussion of four-vector in relativity continues but this time the focus is on the energy-momentum of a particle. The invariance of the energy-momentum fourvector is due to the fact that rest mass of a particle is invariant under coordinate transformations. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap: The Four-Vectors of Position, Velocity and Momentum in Space-Time 15:53 - Chapter 2. The Energy-Momentum Four-Vector 32:20 - Chapter 3. Relativistic Collisions 41:09 - Chapter 4. Law of Conservation of Energy and Momentum Using the Energy-Momentum Four-Vector Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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16. The Taylor Series and Other Mathematical Concepts
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) The lecture covers a number of mathematical concepts. The Taylor series is introduced and its properties discussed, supplemented by various examples. Complex numbers are explained in some detail, especially in their polar form. The lecture ends with a discussion of simple harmonic motion. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Derive Taylor Series of a Function, f as [ (0, )fnxn/n!] 14:21 - Chapter 2. Examples of Functions with Invalid Taylor Series 17:30 - Chapter 3. Taylor Series for Popular Functions(cos x, ex,etc) 23:31 - Chapter 4. Derive Trigonometric Functions from Exponential Functions 31:41 - Chapter 5. Properties of Complex Numbers 42:40 - Chapter 6. Polar Form of Complex Numbers 50:04 - Chapter 7. Simple Harmonic Motions
01:03:07 - Chapter 8. Law of Conservation of Energy and Harmonic Motion Due to Torque Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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17. Simple Harmonic Motion
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) The focus of the lecture is simple harmonic motion. Professor Shankar gives several examples of physical systems, such as a mass M attached to a spring, and explains what happens when such systems are disturbed. Amplitude, frequency and period of simple harmonic motion are also defined in the course of the lecture. Several problems are solved in order to demonstrate various cases of oscillation. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Example Equations of Oscillating Objects 10:49 - Chapter 2. Superposition of Solutions to Linear (Harmonic) Equations 30:16 - Chapter 3. Conditions for Solutions to Harmonic Equations 38:57 - Chapter 4. Exponential Functions as Generic Solutions 50:48 - Chapter 5. Undamped, Under-damped and Over-damped Oscillations 01:00:28 - Chapter 6. Driving Harmonic Force on Oscillator Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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18. Simple Harmonic Motion (cont.) and Introduction to Waves
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) This lecture continues the topic of harmonic motions. Problems are introduced and solved to explore various aspects of oscillation. The second half of the lecture
is an introduction to the nature and behavior of waves. Both longitudinal and transverse waves are defined and explained. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Free Vibration: Oscillation Under F=0 08:20 - Chapter 2. Initial Conditions at Start of Oscillation 18:52 - Chapter 3. Solution to Harmonic Equation under Driving Force 30:01 - Chapter 4. Properties of the Oscillating Function, Resonance 39:23 - Chapter 5. Complete Solution = Complimentary + Particular Solutions 43:40 - Chapter 6. Introduction to Longitudinal and Transverse Waves 52:55 - Chapter 7. Derive Wave Equation as Differential Equation 01:04:40 - Chapter 8. Solution to Wave Equation Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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19. Waves
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) Waves are discussed in further detail. Basic properties of the waves such as velocity, energy, intensity, and frequency are discussed through a variety of examples. The second half of the lecture deals specifically with superposition of waves. Constructive and destructive interferences are defined and discussed. 00:00 - Chapter 1. General Solution of Wave Equation 08:51 - Chapter 2. Spatial and Temporal Periodicity: Frequency, Period 17:39 - Chapter 3. Wave Energy and Power Transmitted 30:02 - Chapter 4. Doppler Effect 38:58 - Chapter 5. Superposition of Waves 48:57 - Chapter 6. Constructive and Destructive Interference, Double Slit Experiment 01:01:30 - Chapter 7. Modes of Vibration: Application to Musical Instruments Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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20. Fluid Dynamics and Statics and Bernoulli's Equation
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) The focus of the lecture is on fluid dynamics and statics. Different properties are discussed, such as density and pressure. Archimedes' Principle is introduced and demonstrated through a number of problems. The final topic of the lecture is Bernoulli's Equation. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction to Fluid Dynamics and Statics The Notion of Pressure 04:14 - Chapter 2. Fluid Pressure as a Function of Height 20:49 - Chapter 3. The Hydraulic Press 26:32 - Chapter 4. Archimedes' Principle 36:36 - Chapter 5. Bernoulli's Equation 39:12 - Chapter 6. The Equation of Continuity 53:41 - Chapter 7. Applications of Bernoulli's Equation Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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21. Thermodynamics
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) This is the first of a series of lectures on thermodynamics. The discussion begins with understanding "temperature." Zeroth's law is introduced and explained. Concepts such as "absolute zero" and "triple point of water" are defined. Measuring temperature through a number of instruments is addressed as well as the different scales of measurement. The second half of the lecture is devoted to heat and heat transfer. Concepts such as "convection" and "conduction" are explained thoroughly. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Temperature as a Macroscopic Thermodynamic Property 06:45 - Chapter 2. Calibrating Temperature Instruments 22:25 - Chapter 3. Absolute Zero, Triple Point of Water, The Kelvin 28:55 - Chapter 4. Specific Heat and Other Thermal Properties of Materials 43:17 - Chapter 5. Phase Change 55:06 - Chapter 6. Heat Transfer by Radiation, Convection and Conduction 01:03:27 - Chapter 7. Heat as Atomic Kinetic Energy and its Measurement Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.

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22. The Boltzmann Constant and First Law of Thermodynamics
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) This lecture continues the topic of thermodynamics, exploring in greater detail what heat is, and how it is generated and measured. The Boltzmann Constant is introduced. The microscopic meaning of temperature is explained. The First Law of Thermodynamics is presented. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap of Heat Theory 11:54 - Chapter 2. The Boltzman Constant and Avogadro's Number 18:50 - Chapter 3. A Microscopic Definition of Temperature 30:15 - Chapter 4. Molecular Mechanics of Phase Change and the Maxwell-Boltzmann 46:49 - Chapter 5. Quasi-static Processes 50:19 - Chapter 6. Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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23. The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Carnot's Engine
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Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) Why does a dropped egg that spatters on the floor not rise back to your hands even though no laws prohibit it? The answer to such irreversibility resides the Second Law of Thermodynamics which explained in this and the next lecture. The Carnot heat engine is discussed in detail to show how there is an upper limit to the efficiency of heat engines and how the concept of entropy arises from macroscopic considerations. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap of First Law of Thermodynamics and Macroscopic State Properties 13:22 - Chapter 2. Defining Specific Heats at Constant Pressure and Volume 26:01 - Chapter 3. Adiabatic Processes 43:57 - Chapter 4. The Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Concept of Entropy 59:02 - Chapter 5. The Carnot Engine Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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24. The Second Law of Thermodynamics (cont.) and Entropy
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Uploaded on Sep 22, 2008 Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200) The focus of the lecture is the concept of entropy. Specific examples are given to calculate the entropy change for a number of different processes. Boltzmann's microscopic formula for entropy is introduced and used to explain irreversibility. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of the Carnot Engine 19:18 - Chapter 2. Calculating the Entropy Change 35:34 - Chapter 3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics as a Function of Entropy 43:46 - Chapter 4. The Microscopic Basis of Entropy Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
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PHYS 201: FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS II

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About the Course This is a continuation of Fundamentals of Physics, I (PHYS 200), the introductory course on the principles and methods of physics for students who have good preparation in physics and mathematics. This course covers electricity, magnetism, optics and quantum mechanics.
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Course Structure 75 minute lectures, twice per week
Course Materials Download all course pages [zip - 10MB] Video and audio elements from this course are also available on:
About Professor Ramamurti Shankar Ramamurti Shankar is the John Randolph Huffman Professor of Physics at Yale. He received his B. Tech in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Madras and his Ph.D. in theoretical particle physics from the University of California, Berkeley. He joined the Yale faculty in 1977 after three years at the Harvard Society of Fellows. He is dedicated to teaching and has published two texts: Principles of Quantum Mechanicsand Basic Training in Mathematics: A Fitness Program for Science Students. Hiswebsite has further details and a link to jokes collected by his students from Physics 200-201. Share This Course:
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1. Electrostatics
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Uploaded on Mar 22, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) The course begins with a discussion of electricity. The concept of charge is introduced, and the properties of electrical forces are compared with those of other familiar forces, such as gravitation. Coulomb's Law, along with the principle of superposition, allows for the calculation of electrostatic forces from a given charge distribution. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Forces and Introduction to Electrostatic Force 15:20 - Chapter 2. Coulomb's Law 21:09 - Chapter 3. Conservation and Quantization of Charge 26:15 - Chapter 4. Microscopic Understanding of Electrostatics 33:21 - Chapter 5. Charge Distributions and the Principle of Superposition Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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2. Electric Fields
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The electric field is introduced as the mediator of electrostatic interactions: objects generate the field which permeates all of space, and charged objects in the field experience a force with magnitude proportional to their charge. Several instructive examples are given, including the field of an electric dipole and the notion of the electric dipole and dipole moment. The notion of field lines is introduced. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Charges 16:34 - Chapter 2. Electric Fields 33:55 - Chapter 3. Electric Field Lines 40:18 - Chapter 4. Electric Dipoles Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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3. Gauss's Law I
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Uploaded on Mar 22, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) The electric field is discussed in greater detail and field due an infinite line charge is computed. The concepts of charge density and electric flux are introduced and Gauss's Law, which relates the two, is derived. It is applied to the study of the electric field generated by a spherical charge distribution. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Electric field concepts 15:02 - Chapter 2. Electric field due to an infinite line of charge 28:41 - Chapter 3. The Infinite Sheet and Charge Density 44:29 - Chapter 4. Gauss' Law Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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4. Gauss's Law and Application to Conductors and Insulators
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Uploaded on Mar 22, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) Lecture begins with a recap of Gauss's Law, its derivation, its limitation and its applications in deriving the electric field of several symmetric geometrieslike the infinitely long wire. The electrical properties of conductors and insulators are discussed. Multiple integrals are briefly reviewed. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Derivation of Gauss' Law 21:12 - Chapter 2. The Electric Field due to a Spherical Distribution of Charge 44:47 - Chapter 3. Electric Field due to an Infinitely Long Wire 51:39 - Chapter 4. Electric Conductors and Insulators Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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5. The Electric Potential and Conservation of Energy
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Uploaded on Mar 22, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) The law of conservation of energy is reviewed using examples drawn from Newtonian mechanics. The work-energy theorem is derived from first principles and used to initiate a discussion of the vector calculus underlying the law of conservation of energy. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Electrostatics 03:49 - Chapter 2. Review of Law of Conservation of Energy 08:13 - Chapter 3. Deriving the Work-Energy Theorem and the Law of Conservation of Energy 59:33 - Chapter 4. Electric Potential Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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6. Capacitors
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Uploaded on Mar 22, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) The electric potential is defined for the electric field. It is introduced as an integral of the electric field making the field the derivative of the potential. After discussing the ideas of electric potential and field as presented in the previous lecture, the concept of capacitance is introduced as a means of storing charge and energy. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Electric Potential 15:52 - Chapter 2. Advantages of Electric Potential, V 43:31 - Chapter 3. Conductors as Equipotentials 61:46 - Chapter 4. Capacitors Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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7. Resistance
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) Lecture begins with a discussion of electric potential distribution in conductors. Image charges are introduced and exploited. Capacitance is explained in greater detail and illustrated using the parallel plate capacitor. The energy stored in the electric field is derived. The forces acting on an electric current flowing through a conducting wire are examined. The RC circuits and its energetics are discussed. The EMF due to a battery is explained. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Image Charges 28:45 - Chapter 2. The Parellel Plate Capacitor 42:46 - Chapter 3. The Concept of Resistance Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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8. Circuits and Magnetism I
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) After a description of more complicated electric circuits, the basic ideas underlying magnetism are discussed and the relationship between electrical charges and magnetic fields is explored. Magnetism is caused and experienced only by moving charges. The Lorentz force on a charge is described and used to deduce the force on a current carrying wire. The cyclotron and velocity selector are described. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Electric Circuits 34:32 - Chapter 2. Introduction to Magnetism 45:29 - Chapter 3. Fundamental Equations of Magnetostatics 62:42 - Chapter 4. Force on a Current Carrying Wire Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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9. Magnetism II
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Uploaded on Mar 24, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) The mechanism by which electric currents produce a magnetic field (Law of Biot-Savart) is discussed in greater detail. The field due to a single loop and an infinite wire are computed. Ampere's Law is derived. The operation of the DC electric motor is used to illustrate the torque generated on moving charges in a magnetic field.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Magnetic Fields 14:00 - Chapter 2. Torque on Charge moving in Magnetic Field 20:56 - Chapter 3. Magnetic effects produced by electric currents 51:26 - Chapter 4. Ampere's Law Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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10. Ampere's Law
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) Ampere's Law is used to find the magnetic field generated by currents in highly symmetric geometries like the infinitely long wire and the solenoid. It is shown how magnetism can be used to convert macroscopic mechanical energy to do microscopic electrical work. Lenz's and Faraday's Laws are introduced. The latter says that a changing magnetic field generates a non-conservative electric field. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Ampere's Law 08:46 - Chapter 2. Magnetic field generated by current in a solenoid 49:51 - Chapter 3. Lenz's Law 67:07 - Chapter 4. Faraday's Law Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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11. Lenz's and Faraday's Laws
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Uploaded on Mar 24, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) The electric effect of a changing magnetic field is described using Faraday's Law. The direction of the current so generated is given by Lenz's Law. The operation and energy accounting of the generator are described. The concept of inductance is introduced. The Betatron is described as an example of Faraday's Law. Self and mutual inductance are introduced. The energy density in a magnetic field is derived. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Lenz and Faraday's Law 25:37 - Chapter 2. The power generator 37:45 - Chapter 3. Mutual and self inductance 64:10 - Chapter 4. Energy density of a magnetic field Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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12. LCR CircuitsDC Voltage
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) Like capacitors, inductors act as energy storage devices in circuits. The relationship between voltage, inductance and current in a variety of circuits with DC voltages is described. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Inductors 04:46 - Chapter 2. Inductive Circuits 54:18 - Chapter 3. LCR Circuits driven by an Alternating Source Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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13. LCR CircuitsAC Voltage
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Uploaded on Mar 24, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) The mathematics underlying LCR circuit theory for AC currents is discussed. Complex numbers are used to convert differential equations to algebraic equations. The notion of impedance is introduced. The radio is used to illustrate the concepts of resonance and variable capacitance. The body of classical electromagnetism treated so far is reviewed and summarized. The displacement current is introduced, leading to the complete Maxwell equations. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of LCR Circuits 08:48 - Chapter 2. Impedance 17:39 - Chapter 3. Resonance and Variable Capacitance 68:03 - Chapter 4. Displacement current Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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14. Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Waves I
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) Waves on a string are reviewed and the general solution to the wave equation is described. Maxwell's equations in their final form are written down and then considered in free space, away from charges and currents. It is shown how to verify that a given set of fields obeys Maxwell's equations by considering them on infinitesimal cubes and loops. A simple form of the solutions is assumed and the parameters therein fitted using Maxwell's equations. The wave equation follows, along with the wave speed equal to that of light (3 x 10^8), suggesting (correctly) that light is an electromagnetic wave. The vector relationship between the electric field, the magnetic field and the direction of wave propagation is described. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Background 04:43 - Chapter 2. Review of Wave Equation 20:01 - Chapter 3. Maxwell's Equations 56:47 - Chapter 4. Light as an Electromagnetic Wave Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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15. Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Waves II
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) The physical meaning of the components of the wave equation and their applications are discussed. The power carried by the wave is derived. The fact that, unlike Newton's laws, Maxwell's equations are already consistent with relativity is discussed. The existence of magnetism is deduced from a thought experiment using relativity. 00:00 - Chapter 1. RecapSolving Maxwell's Equations 18:18 - Chapter 2. Deriving the Energy and Intensity of an Electromagnetic Wave 30:40 - Chapter 3. The Origin of Electromagnetic Waves 37:03 - Chapter 4. Relativity and Maxwell's Equations 51:44 - Chapter 5. Deducing the Presence of Magnetism Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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16. Ray or Geometrical Optics I
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) Geometric optics is discussed as an approximation to wave theory when the wavelength is very small compared to other lengths in the problem (such as the size of openings). Many results of geometric optics involving reflection, refraction (mirrors and lenses) are derived in a unified way using Fermat's Principle of Least Time. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Light as an Electromagnetic Phenomenon 07:17 - Chapter 2. Review of Geometrical (Classical) Optics 21:50 - Chapter 3. Fermat's Principle of Least Time and its Corollaries
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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17. Ray or Geometrical Optics II
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) Ray diagrams are used to investigate the behavior of light incident on mirrors and lenses. The principle of least time is used to show that all rays from an object in front of a concave mirror focus on the image point if they are not too far from the axis. The experiments describing the breakdown of geometric optics are discussed. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Parabolic and Spherical Mirrors 34:16 - Chapter 2. Lenses 43:34 - Chapter 3. Focal Point 63:56 - Chapter 4. Magnifying Lenses Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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18. Wave Theory of Light
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Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) Young's double slit experiment shows clearly that light is a wave. (In order to observe the wave behavior of light, the slit size and separation should be comparable or smaller than the wavelength of light.) Interference is described using real and complex numbers (in anticipation of quantum mechanics). Grating and crystal diffraction are analyzed. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Revisions to Geometric Optics 08:20 - Chapter 2. Young's double slit experiment 50:52 - Chapter 3. Interference and Diffraction of Light Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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19. Quantum Mechanics I: The key experiments and wave-particle duality
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) The double slit experiment, which implies the end of Newtonian Mechanics is described. The de Broglie relation between wavelength and momentum is deduced from experiment for photons and electrons. The photoelectric effect and Compton scattering, which provided experimental support for Einstein's photon theory of light are reviewed. The wave function is introduced along with the probability interpretation. The uncertainty principle is shown arise from the fact that the particle's location is determined by a wave and that waves diffract when passing a narrow opening. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap of Young's double slit experiment 09:10 - Chapter 2. The Particulate Nature of Light 23:15 - Chapter 3. The Photoelectric Effect 31:19 - Chapter 4. Compton's scattering 36:10 - Chapter 5. Particle-wave duality of matter 48:33 - Chapter 6. The Uncertainty Principle Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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20. Quantum Mechanics II
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) Lecture begins with a detailed review of the double slit experiment with electrons. The fate of an electron traversing the double slit is determined by a wave putting an end to Newtonian mechanics. The momentum and position of an electron cannot both be totally known simultaneously. The wave function is used to describe a probability density function for an electron. Heuristic arguments are given for the wave function describing a particle of definite momentum. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Double Slit Experiment using Electrons 20:28 - Chapter 2. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle 42:32 - Chapter 3. The Probability Density Function of an Electron Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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21. Quantum Mechanics III
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) The fact that the wave function provides the complete description of a particle's location and momentum is emphasized. Measurement collapses the wave function into a spike located at the measured value. The quantization of momentum for a particle on a ring is deduced. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of the Particle Wave Function 11:21 - Chapter 2. Particle on a Ring 56:25 - Chapter 3. The Measurement Postulate Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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22. Quantum mechanics IV: Measurement theory, states of definite energy
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) It is shown how to extract the odds for getting different values of momentum from a generic wave function by writing it as a sum over functions of definite momentum. A recipe is given for finding states of definite energy, which requires solving a differential equation that depends on what potential the particle is experiencing. The particle in a box is considered and the allowed energies derived. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Wave Functions 40:13 - Chapter 2. The Schrodinger Equation 54:20 - Chapter 3. Quantization of Energy 63:43 - Chapter 4. Particle in a Box Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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23. Quantum Mechanics V: Particle in a Box
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) The allowed energy states of a free particle on a ring and a particle in a box are revisited. A scattering problem is studied to expose more quantum wonders: a particle can tunnel into the classically forbidden regions where kinetic energy is negative and a particle incident on a barrier with enough kinetic energy to go over it has a nonzero probability to bounce back. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Wave Functions 08:48 - Chapter 2. Particle on a ring 19:11 - Chapter 3. Particle in a Box 54:00 - Chapter 4. Scattering Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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24. Quantum Mechanics VI: Time-dependent Schrdinger Equation
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) The time-dependent Schrdinger Equation is introduced as a powerful analog of Newton's second law of motion that describes quantum dynamics. It is shown how given an initial wave function, one can predict the future behavior using Schrdinger's Equation. The special role of stationary states (states of definite energy) is discussed. 00:00 - Chapter 1. The "Theory of Nearly Everything" 12:34 - Chapter 2. The time-dependent Schrodinger Equation 40:15 - Chapter 3. Stationary States Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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25. Quantum Mechanics VII: Summary of postulates and special topics
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Uploaded on Mar 23, 2011 Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201) The various postulates of quantum mechanics treated in previous lectures are reviewed and summarized. The uncertainty principle is again discussed and a new one between energy and time is introduced. The quantum mechanical behavior of an electron in a hydrogen atom is described. The principles of quantum mechanics are then generalized to describe two or more quantum particles. It is shown that identical particles have to be bosons or fermions, the latter obeying the Pauli exclusion principle, which in turn is key to explaining the periodic table. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Major Postulates of Quantum Mechanics 20:31 - Chapter 2. Applications of Quantum Mechanics 28:00 - Chapter 3. Energy-time uncertainty principle 41:21 - Chapter 4. Quantum Mechanics of more than one particle
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
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Einstein for the Masses
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Uploaded on Jun 11, 2010 Prof. Ramamurti Shankar, J.R. Huffman Professor of Physics & Applied Physics, gives an introduction to Einstein's Theory for a lay audience. The only preparation needed is an open mind. Prof. Shankar presented this lecture at the Association of Yale Alumni Reunion Weekend on May 29, 2010.
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Differential & Integral Calculus, Lec 1, Math 31A, UCLA
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Uploaded on Feb 8, 2010 Course Description: Math 31A is a course that provides insight into differential calculus and applications as well as an introduction to integration. About the Professor: Steve Butler is a NSF Postdoctoral Scholar and Assistant Adjunct Professor of the UCLA Department of Mathematics. He received his Ph. D. from UCSD in June of 2008 and has been at UCLA since the Fall of 2008 (where he will be staying for a total of three years). His area of research consists of Combinatorics as well as particular spectral graph theory, combinatorial geometry, and recreational mathematics (i.e., juggling).
Course Webpage: http://www.math.ucla.edu/~butler/2010... Professors Webpage: www.math.ucla.edu/~butler Note: Some clips and images may have been blurred or removed to avoid copyright infringement. * See all the UCLA Math 31A: Differential & Integral Calculus classes in this series: http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list... * See more courses from UCLA:http://www.youtube.com/uclacourses * See more from UCLA's main channel on YouTube:http://www.youtube.com/ucla
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Uploaded on Feb 10, 2010 Course Description: Math 31A is a course that provides insight into differential calculus and applications as well as an introduction to integration. About the Professor: Steve Butler is a NSF Postdoctoral Scholar and Assistant Adjunct Professor of the UCLA Department of Mathematics. He received his Ph. D. from UCSD in June of 2008 and has been at UCLA since the Fall of 2008 (where he will be staying for a total of three years). His area of research consists of Combinatorics as well as particular spectral graph theory, combinatorial geometry, and recreational mathematics (i.e., juggling). Course Webpage: http://www.math.ucla.edu/~butler/2010... Professors Webpage: www.math.ucla.edu/~butler Note: Some clips and images may have been blurred or removed to avoid copyright infringement. * See all the UCLA Math 31A: Differential & Integral Calculus classes in this series: http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list... * See more courses from UCLA:http://www.youtube.com/uclacourses * See more from UCLA's main channel on YouTube:http://www.youtube.com/ucla
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RealVinceSamios 2 years ago I don't need to go to uni anymore, just youtube my education :-)
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Michelle Israel 1 month ago There is also a library

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netedco 6 months ago first: *you're; second: not retarded, another mental condition...
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HilariousD 6 months ago Maybe your retarded.

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Ibakecookiess 1 year ago i dont think your english is as good as you think it is.
netedco 1 year ago I've already been told (2 months ago) that it's an accent that I just didn't understand, and I know english more than you know (obviously....)
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Youssef AIT ERRATBI 1 year ago dude i don't think you speak english that well
netedco 1 year ago well, sorry for not knowing!

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CosplayPros 1 month ago Thank you very much! I am going to go through the whole course like that ! :D
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Martin Flanagan 1 year ago A brilliant tutorial delivered by someone who knows their subject matter. The whiteboard is used as a scratchpad to show what he is thinking about, and his thinking process. I would rather have someone who knows what they are talking about and showing the process, other than someone who is following a set script. It takes bollocks to stand up in front of the world and teach a subject, and still appear to be relaxed; you have my admiration. Thanks.
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SC2Falcon 1 year ago and so are you

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SC2Falcon 1 year ago and you are a mass of douchebaggery

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DNYAP 1 year ago
it is not a mass, the mass is given at the church. It could be a mass, but then again, everything that occupies space is a mass, you are a mass too. It seems that you have a mess on distinguishing mass.
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RaChiD RouTchi 2 years ago Excelent !! But u must organize the Whiteboard !! But For the lesson ! it's really good ! Thank'x
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Michael YIZHAO LIU 1 day ago This is a funny mathematics man presenting a challenge course. I enjoyed his lectures. A great work of mathematics available online. Sorry, I did not get his name.
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Ahmed Ismail 9 months ago Fucking technical difficulities!!!

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DNYAP 1 year ago hmmmm the absence of the last lecture is really hurting this lecture. :S
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iBradleyAllen 1 year ago I'm having trouble following along on this one, early on he asks what is f ' (a) for the function f(x) = m x + b huh? when did 'a' come in? and we didnt go over the answer for the question asked in the last part, lec 3? I like that the camera is more focused on the board and its easier to see now; i actually prefer looking at the chalk board..
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tmntjmc 3 years ago glad i'm not paying 40k a year for some over priced school.
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eppmalko 3 years ago Nice lecture, but unfortunately the audio quality isn't very good on this one. Also, what is up with how he is pronouncing 'measuring'?
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Emmy Noether and The Fabric of Reality
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Uploaded on Jun 18, 2010 Google Tech Talk June 16, 2010 ABSTRACT: Emmy Noether made perhaps the most significant discovery of the 20th century. A female Jewish intellectual in Nazi Germany (you can do that math), Emmy's was a special approach to life. Noether's Theorem ties the laws of nature -- from Newton's laws to thermodynamics to charge conservation -- directly to the geometry of space and time, the very fabric of reality. It is the basis for the standard model of particle physics, quantum electrodynamics, and grand unified theories including supersymmetry and superstrings. As usual in physics, it gets really interesting when the theorem is violated: answers to the origin of mass and the matter-antimatter asymmetry problems emerge when Noether's theorem is violated. Two things should bother you about Noether's Theorem: (1) how come so few people have heard of Emmy Noether? and (2) why isn't her theorem well known to lovers of science? With the help of a bunch of straw, Ransom Stephens solves these problems on June 16, 2010.
Speaker Info: Ransom Stephens, Ph.D. Ransom Stephens, Ph.D., is a professor of particle physics turned writer and speaker. He has worked on experiments at SLAC, Fermilab, CERN, and Cornell; discovered a new type of matter formed by the fusion of two photons, made the most precise measurements of rare bottom quark decays in the world, and was on the team that discovered the top quark. His new novel, The God Patent (www.TheGodPatent.com), is set in the battle between science and religion over the nature of the soul and the origin of the universe. It features a character based on the turn of the century mathematician, Emmy Noether.
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Is It Over Yet? The Deeper Underpinnings of the Crisis
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Uploaded on Jul 12, 2010 Professor Raghuram Rajan of the University of Chicago was one of the few people who, before 2007, warned about the upcoming financial crisis. In this March 25, 2010 Arthur M. Okun Memorial Lecture at Yale University, "Is It Over Yet? The Deep Underpinnings of the Crisis," Prof. Rajan warns again about economic troubles to come and asserts that the ultimate causes of the crisis around the world have not been addressed.
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Understanding the Financial Crisis
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Uploaded on Feb 25, 2009 Yale hosted a panel discussion with Yale Faculty on Understanding the Financial Crisis: The Stimulus, Bailouts and Other Solutions. Panelists included John Geanakoplos (James Tobin Professor of Economics), Jonathan Macey (Deputy Dean of the Yale Law School), William Nordhaus (Sterling Professor of Economics) and Robert Shiller (Arthur M. Okun Professor of Economics). The discussion was moderated by Yale University President Richard Levin (Frederick William Beinecke Professor of Economics).
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Origins of the Financial Mess
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Uploaded on Nov 17, 2008 Alan Blinder, a Professor of Economics and Public Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School, the Gordon S. Rentschler Memorial Professor of Economics and codirector of Princeton`s Center for Economic Policy Studies
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How Did We Get Into this Mortgage Mess and How Do We Get Out
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Uploaded on May 9, 2008 Speakers: Alan Blinder, Professor of Economics and Public Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University Zanny Minton Beddoes, Economics Editor, The Economist magazine Peter Orszag, Director, Congressional Budget Office Location: Princeton Club of New York. Co-sponsored by the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, and The Economist Magazine Date: Apr 23, 2008
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The Geopolitical Implications of the Financial Crisis with keynote address by Paul Krugman
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Uploaded on May 28, 2010 The Center for International Security Study's second annual symposium was held on May 13-14, 2010 at the Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University. Focusing on the world's financial crisis and its implications on geopolitics and strategic relationships across the globe, the symposium was launched by a keynote address by Paul Krugman on the current financial crisis in Greece and other countries in the European Union.
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Brian Greene - The Hidden Reality
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Uploaded on Mar 22, 2011 Brian Greene, PhD, professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University and bestselling author, spoke with Amir D. Aczel at the Museum of Science on March 2, 2011.
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The multiverse as a block of Swiss cheese, strings and things, branes and the brain
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Uploaded on Feb 18, 2011 Join me on facebook http://www.facebook.com/pages/TheScie... http://thesciencenetwork.org Brian Greene is a theoretical physicist and Professor of Physics and Mathematics at Columbia University. He is recognized for a number of groundbreaking discoveries in his field of superstring theory. Greene is the author of best selling books including The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory; The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality; and Icarus at the Edge of Time. His most recent book, The Hidden Reality: Parallel Universes and the Deep Laws of the Cosmos explores the concept of the multiverse and the possibility of parallel universes.
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The Global Financial Crisis: Causes and Consequences
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Uploaded on Nov 13, 2009
Speaker: Alan Greenspan, President, Greenspan Associates LLC; Former Chairman, Federal Reserve Board Presider: Peter G. Peterson, Founder and Chairman, Peter G. Peterson Foundation; Chairman Emeritus, Council on Foreign Relations (Oct 15, 2009 at the Council on Foreign Relations. C. Peter McColough Series on International Economics)
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Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle - Part 1 of 2
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Uploaded on Feb 18, 2012 An explanation of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, including an illustration based on the single slit experiment
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Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle - Part 2 of 2
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Uploaded on Feb 18, 2012 An explanation of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, including an illustration based on the single slit experiment
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Higgs Boson and Higgs Field
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Uploaded on Feb 27, 2012 A basic introduction to the Higgs Field and associated Higgs Boson, its purpose and how to find it - if it exists.
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The Quantum Conspiracy: What Popularizers of QM Don't Want You to Know
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Uploaded on Jan 12, 2011 Google Tech Talk January 6, 2011 Presented by Ron Garret. ABSTRACT Richard Feynman once famously quipped that no one understands quantum mechanics, and popular accounts continue to promulgate the view that QM is an intractable mystery (probably because that helps to sell books). QM is certainly unintuitive, but the idea that no one understands it is far from the truth. In fact, QM is no more difficult to understand than relativity. The problem is that the vast majority of popular accounts of QM are simply flat-out wrong. They are based on the so-called Copenhagen interpretation of QM, which has been thoroughly discredited for decades. It turns out that if Copenhagen were true then it would be possible to communicate faster than light, and hence send signals backwards in time. This talk describes an alternative interpretation based on quantum information theory (QIT) which is consistent with current scientific knowledge. It turns out that there is a simple intuition that makes almost all quantum mysteries simply evaporate,
and replaces them with an easily understood (albeit strange) insight: measurement and entanglement are the same physical phenomenon, and you don't really exist. Slides are available here: https://docs.google.com/a/google.com/... Link to the paper: http://www.flownet.com/ron/QM.pdf About the speaker: Dr. Ron Garret was an AI and robotics researcher at the NASA Jet Propulsion Lab for fifteen years before taking a year off to work at Google in June of 2000. He was the lead engineer on the first release of AdWords, and the original author of the Google Translation Console. Since leaving Google he has started a new career as an entrepreneur, angel investor and filmmaker. He has co-founded three startups, invested in a dozen others, and made a feature-length documentary about homelessness.
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Conscious Understanding: What is its Physical Basis?
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Uploaded on Mar 17, 2010 Google Tech Talk March 10, 2010 ABSTRACT Presented by Sir Roger Penrose. Powerful arguments can be given, to support the case that the quality of human understanding is not something that can be simulated in a trustworthy way, by any entirely computational system. If this case is accepted, it raises the question of what deep physical processes and what subtle brain structures might be involved in order that consciousness can come about. Some remarkable new observations concerning A-lattice microtubules will be briefly described, these having considerable relevance to this issue. Sir Roger Penrose is an English mathematical physicist and Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford and Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College. He has received a number of prizes and awards, including the 1988 Wolf Prize for physics which he shared with Stephen Hawking for their contribution to our understanding of the universe. He is renowned for his work in mathematical physics, in particular his contributions to general relativity and cosmology. He is also a recreational mathematician and philosopher.
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The Extended Mind: Recent Experimental Evidence
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Uploaded on Sep 5, 2008 Google Tech Talks September 2, 2008 ABSTRACT We have been brought up to believe that the mind is located inside the head. But there are good reasons for thinking that this view is too limited. Recent experimental results show that people can influence others at a distance just by looking at them, even if they look from behind and if all sensory clues are eliminated. And people's intentions can be detected by animals from miles away. The commonest kind of non-local interaction mental influence occurs in connection with telephone calls, where most people have had the experience of thinking of someone shortly before they ring. Controlled, randomized tests on telephone telepathy have given highly significant positive results. Research techniques have now been automated and experiments on telepathy are now being conducted through the internet and cell phones, enabling widespread participation. Speaker: Rupert Sheldrake Rupert Sheldrake, Ph.D. is a biologist and author of more than 75 technical papers and ten books, the most recent being The Sense of Being Stared At. He studied at Cambridge and Harvard Universities, was a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge and a Research Fellow of the Royal Society. He is currently Director of the Perrott-Warrick project, funded from Trinity College Cambridge.
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Nutrients for Better Mental Performance
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Uploaded on Dec 3, 2009 Google Tech Talk December 2, 2009 ABSTRACT Presented by Steven Wm. Fowkes. The talk will answer questions like: 1. Which nutrients promote optimal brain function? 2. What nutrients are commonly deficient enough to impair mental performance? 3. How can you get a better nights sleep without Ambien? 4. What nutrients counteract aspects of aging? 5. Is there an alternative to serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) antidepressants? 6. What modern nutrition myths lead us to consume products that sabotage healthy brain function? 7. What tests can you get from your doctor? 8. What nutrients affect appetite, alertness, and tension? 9. What nutrient combo will prevent hangovers 90% of the time? About Steven Wm. Fowkes
Steven Wm. Fowkes is the Director of the Cognitive Enhancement Research Institute and a co-author of the book Smart Drugs II. He has appeared on Larry King Live and in two anti-aging documentaries. Steve will explain how different nutritions can help people of all ages treat various physical and mental conditions, spanning from genetic disorders such as Down syndrome, to adolescent behavior problems and on to senility and Alzheimer's disease in the elderly. He will also speak about using nutrients to address memory problems as well as verbal and multi-tasking challenges that the testosteronepoised homo sapiens (i.e., men) are commonly known for. In the Q&A feel free to ask him how to use nutrients to improve ones sense of humor.
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John Searle -Consciousness and Causality
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Published on Jul 10, 2012 Searle's talk at the Evolution and Function of Consciousness Summer School ("Turing Consciousness 2012") held at the University of Montreal as part of Alan Turing Year. All videos can be found here: http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/T...
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Dan Dennett on our consciousness, Best Brain Supplements
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Published on Mar 10, 2012 http://www.excelerol.com - Best Brain Supplements One of our most important living philosophers, Dan Dennett is best known for his provocative and controversial arguments that human consciousness and free will are the result of physical processes in the brain. He argues that the brain's computational circuitry fools us into thinking we know more than we do, and that what we call consciousness isn't. This mind-shifting perspective on the mind itself has distinguished Dennett's career as a philosopher and cognitive scientist. And while the philosophy community has never quite known what to make of Dennett (he defies easy categorization, and refuses to affiliate himself with accepted schools of thought), his computational approach to understanding the brain has made him, as Edge's John Brockman writes, "the philosopher of choice of the AI community." In recent years, Dennett has become outspoken in his atheism, and his 2006 book Breaking the Spell calls for religion to be studied through the scientific lens of evolutionary biology. Dennett regards religion as a natural -- rather than supernatural -- phenomenon, and urges schools to break the taboo against empirical
examination of religion. He argues that religion's influence over human behavior is precisely what makes gaining a rational understanding of it so necessary: "If we don't understand religion, we're going to miss our chance to improve the world in the 21st century." A prolific writer, Dennett's landmark books include The Mind's I, co-edited with Douglas Hofstedter, Consciousness Explained, and Darwin's Dangerous Idea.
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Daniel Dennett on Consciousness
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Published on Jan 16, 2013 Dennett gives a talk entitled "Considering Consciousness".
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Full Version: Christopher Hitchens and Rabbi Shmuley Boteach Debate on God
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Uploaded on Feb 8, 2008 http://www.92Y.org Full version of the Christopher Hitchens and Rabbi Shmuley Boteach Debate at New York's 92nd Street Y. Every program and presentation at the 92nd Street Y is made possible by charitable donations from individuals like you. To continue our activities in all media, we hope you consider making a donation below. Thank you.
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The True Core Of The Jesus Myth | Christopher Hitchens @ FreedomFest (1)
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Uploaded on Apr 11, 2009 http://www.facebook.com/ScienceReason ...The True Core Of The Jesus Myth - Christopher Hitchens @ FreedomFest (Part 1). --Please SUBSCRIBE to Science & Reason: http://www.youtube.com/FFreeThinker http://www.youtube.com/ScienceTV http://www.youtube.com/Best0fScience http://www.youtube.com/RationalHumanism --Dinesh D'Souza and Christopher Hitchens go at it again at the 2008 Freedom Fest as the "Main Event". FreedomFest is an annual festival where "free minds meet" to celebrate "great books, great ideas, and great thinkers" in an open-minded society. It is independent, non-partisan, and not affiliated with any organization or think tank. Founded and produced by Mark Skousen, since 2002, FreedomFest invites the "best and the brightest" from around the world to talk, strategize, socialize, and celebrate liberty. FreedomFest is open to all and is purely egalitarian, where speakers, attendees, and exhibitors are treated as equals. http://www.freedomfest.com/ Christopher Hitchens (born 1949) is an author, journalist and literary critic. Currently living in Washington, D.C., he has been a columnist at Vanity Fair, The Atlantic, World Affairs, The Nation, Slate, Free Inquiry, and a variety of other media outlets. Hitchens is also a political observer, whose books the latest being "God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything" have made him a staple of talk shows and lecture circuits. In 2009 Hitchens was listed by Forbes magazine as one of the "25 most influential liberals in U.S. media." The same article noted, though, that he would "likely be aghast to find himself on this list" and that he "styles himself a radical", not a liberal. http://www.hitchensweb.com/ .
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Hitchens delivers one of his best hammer blows to cocky audience member
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Published on Mar 22, 2013 Hitchens delivers one of his best off the cuff hammer blows to cocky audiance member
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