Nuwaubianism is an umbrella term for the various doctrines and practices of the followers of Malachi Z. York.

These are sometimes referred to by such terms as Nuwaubu/Nuwaupu, Wu-Nuwaubu, Right Knowledge, Sound Right Reasoning, Overstanding, and Factology but have had many other names through the years. The Nuwaubians began operating as a Black Muslim group in New York in the 1970s, and have gone through many changes since. Etymology The term Nuwaubu derives from the Arabic word Nubuwa ( )which means prophethood or prophecy. It also is related to the Hebrew word Nebuwah ( , usually rendered as nevuah), which means a prediction, from the root Nuwb meaning to bear fruit, or make flourish. An even older root can be rationalized with the Sumerian word Nabu which defines the term Prophet (seer) Introduction Nuwaubianism is an esoteric cosmology, a collection of religious teachings, a group of religious, tribal, and fraternal organizations, and a set of cultural practices that is multifaceted and ever-changing. It has influences and borrowings from many sources. These include a white new-age Blavatsky-influenced movement like Astara, the Rosicrucians, Freemasonry, the Shriners, the Moorish Science Temple of America, the revisionist Christianity and Islam of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the numerology of Rashad Khalifa, the ancient astronaut theories of Zecharia Sitchin, the alien cryptozoology of David Icke, the UFO mythology of greys and reptilians, the political and legal theories of patriot mythology, modern scientific and pseudoscientific legends like those of Area 51, the Philadelphia Experiment, Project Blue Book, Montauk Project, and MJ-12, popular conspiracy theories such as those about the Illuminati or the Bilderberg Group, hollow earth theories, and even a paperback on fortune-telling. Much of the purpose of Nuwaubian doctrine and practice is to counteract what they call the spell of Leviathan or the spell of Kingu. In Nuwaubian mythology, Leviathan is a god associated with the Moon, sex, and spirit also known as Lucifer, Sin, Set, Thoth, Siva, Hermes, Jehovah, Poseidon and the biblical serpent.[12] Nuwaubians believe that the Spell of Leviathan was cast by the devil thousands of years ago to hypnotize Black people into spiritual ignorance and racial indifference[13] through such media as the Bible and certain elements of popular culture.[14] Leviathan has many aliases: Sam is short for one of his titles, SamaEl meaning poison those of EL. He knows his name. He calls himself Uncle Sam or Dr. Seuss (Zues) with his famous statement, Sam I Am, I Am Sam. This is what they teach the children; not ours however, for they will get right knowledge We must realize that when a people is trying to make themselves look bigger than others, they may take the main characters and heroes of a false or true story in religion and/or mythology and build their own story around the heroes and

characters, and this means that the story may be greatly changed to suit the purpose of those rewriting it.` Nubians are said to be only accidentally a brown race they have rusted in Earths atmosphere from their original green color because the magnesium in their melanin has been replaced by iron. The original, supreme, Ether 9 beings in Nuwaubian mythology were also green because of chlorophyll in their skin. The Tama-hus Time Is Over And They Are Falling Out Daily Because They Are Not Sun People. They Are Moon People, And The Moon Cycle Is Over. They Are Dying Of Cancer And Diseases Caused By The Intense Heat And Rays Of The Suns Ultraviolet Rays Thats Depleting The Ozone Layer. The Luciferian Which Means Light Bearer Is Using His Same Tactic Of Depleting The Ozone Layer On This Planet Like He Did On Rizq York taught that the Motherplane/NIBIRU would launch the Crystal City or New Jerusalem (see: Book of Revelation 21:2) to our solar system from its position in Orion. A 40-year process of taking the 144,000 Chosen Few (see: Book of Revelation 14:1) 12,000 each from the Twelve Tribes of Israel into the Planet Craft NIBIRU began on 12 August 2003 and will end on 12 August, 2043. Nuwaubian beliefs Saturn is not really a planet, but a gaseous ball adjacent to the actual planet, Titan, which is erroneously considered to be one of Saturns moons. The head and hat of Santa Claus are symbolic representations of Saturn, Titan, and Saturns rings The Koran called the Holy Quraan or the glorious Quraan as held in the hands of Muslims today is a product of Jewish scholars and the Catholic Churchs branch of the Jesuit priest under Pope Augustine The Earth is hollow and contains cities populated by different species of people, such as the Deros, the Teros, the Flugelrods, the Duwanis, the Dunakial, and the Anunnaqi. The legends of the Sumerians, Ancient Egyptians, Aztecs, Olmecs, Mayans, Hopi, and Hindus speak of these things (for instance, the story of the river Styx). Many of the chambers of the Egyptian pyramids lead to this subterranean world Women existed for many generations before they invented men through genetic manipulation Homo sapiens is the result of cloning experiments that were done on Mars using Homo erectus The Illuminati have nurtured a child, Satan's son, who was born on 6 June 1966 at the Dakota House on 72nd Street in New York to Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis of the Rothschild/Kennedy families. The Pope was present at the birth and performed necromantic ceremonies. The child was raised by former U.S. president Richard Nixon and now lives in Belgium, where it is hooked up bodily to a computer called The Beast 3M or 3666. The time and space relationship is linked to the human and Earths bio-rhythms, and that determines how many dimensions for a world, which in your case is a third-

dimension reality, are up for grabs. This is dealing with the extra space we have in our time. Let me explain. The clocks on Earth used to have a tick and a tock. Now there is only the tick. So time has been changed, and that missing tock is up for grabs that can be utilized by extraterrestrial beings who overstand this altered time, and they can come in and out of this dimension at will. TYPHONIAN or children of SETH. SETH IS THE KEMETIAN lord of the underworld and death. SETH/SET or better known as SATAN also represent the planet SATURN. Another name for ROME is also SATURN and even the day of the week SATURday. The founder of the church of SATAN Anton Lavey also believed in worshiping SET or SETH and their logo or symbol is the goat of MENDES or BAPHOMET which is also the zodiac sigh of CAPRICORN. SANTA CALUSE OR SATAN CLAUSE also represents the planet saturn. SATAN CLAUSE is dressed in "RED" and his hat is a ball within a circle which also symobolizes the planet Saturn. We see the symbol or planet/star on alot of our everyday corporate logos. Like Mercedes benze a star within a circle which is saturn, NIKE swoosh logo is the ring of saturn and OLYMPIC rings represent saturn and the car AUDI rings are the representation of the planet saturn. Now back to the Typhonians. The Typhonians therefore, began to be viewed as the Opposers; those who swam against the current of contemporary mores. Throughout much of the dynastical period of ancient Egypt, Set, Set-Typhon or just Typhon was depicted as the Opposer, locked in a perpetual battle with Horus.Typhon' is syno nymous with Set as the tormentor of Horus, rather than the primordial goddess of earlier times. In the Judaeo-Christian world.the opposer was identified as Satan, Lucifer, the Devil. Another derivation of the term Typhon is its affinity with the word 'Typhoon'. The typhoon is a powerful, swirling destructive force. The Typhoon enters a previously calm area and creates destructive mayhem. Typhonians also love to celebrate death like the holiday ALL HOLLOWS EVE AKA HALLOWEEN. Celebrates death and their lord SETH the lord of underworld. Oh, and if you're throwing up the (party like a rockstar symbol) You're paying tribute to seth. The biblical story of Jesus and the opposor satan= horus and set or seth. The biblical story of Cain and Abel = horus and seth or set. and the biblical story of Jacob and Esau= horus and seth. To those who think I always copy and paste this first part of this section isn't copied or paste.

The color "RED The Egyptians were probably the source of imagining the devil to be red. Seth god of the conquering Hyksos, but eternal foe of Horus - was sent into the underground after the expulsion of the Hyksos. The color of Seth was red. So was the color of Typhon, who came to be a monstrous identity of Seth. The Egyptians could not even enjoy a red sunset or sunrise for a long time thereafter, deeming the sun to be ominous of danger and anger. It was "Horus raging with red eyes." The Red Sea was probably named for those days of the red plague. "It is remarkable that the designation of 'Red Sea' has no precedent in Old Egyptian; to the contrary, expressions regularly contained no mention of color." [45] The seas all around were feared and the Egyptians did not go to sea but left

the waters to other peoples. The whole foreign world was called "the red " with the same loathing that a modern capitalist might talk of the "reds" of communism. Helios biblos (Sun Papers)

Let's first go into the term Christian. The title Christian is, of course, an extension of the title Christ. A Christian is supposed to represent/reflect Christ. Now, what is Christ? Christ is actually a Greek term and is actually derived from a title that comes from a language that predated Greek and comes out of a part of Africa that our ancestors called Kemet (called Egypt by the Greeks). It's been well established that the Greeks received enlightenment from the Kemetians (inhabitants of Kemet), and borrowed many things from the Kemetians, which includes the story and title of Christ. The Kemetian title, which Christ was derived from, is KRST. The Kemetians didn't have vowels in their alphabet, so when you see Kemetian words written in English, with vowels, the vowels are placed there to display how the Kemetian word is pronounced in English. Now, KRST is a title that was given to the Kemetian personified Savior/Solar/Sun force called Heru (called Horus by the Greeks). The story of Heru is the oldest personified Savior/Sun/Solar force story, on written record. Many copies of this story would later spread around the world, given way to the most recent version, i.e. the story of Jesus. You see, Jesus, Heru and the numerous other Savior characters were not actual historical people, but were actually personifications of the force called Light, and the other characters within their stories were/are personifications of other forces in Nature. Also, each and everyone of us are fulfillments of those ancient myths/allegories, from one extent to another. If you will bear with me Sis, you may see how all of this ties into the Illuminati. To sum up the above, Heru KRST = Jesus Christ. Heru represents a Light that has Saving power, thus we have a Sun/Solar Savior. Also, the word Hero was derived from Heru, the first Hero/Savior. We all know, I assume, that the Sun has Saving power, as it redeems/resurrects/springs forth that which dies annually, as a result of daylight being shorten, during the FALL and winter months. However, the Sun above us is not the only Sun that exist possessing Saving power. You see, the Kemetians, being brilliant/advanced scientists (students of Nature/NTR/Neters), or masters of science, learned/knew Laws and Principles that govern Nature (Note: Nature was derived from the Kemetian word NTR which is pronounced Neter and Neters are simply personifications of the different forces found throughout creations, but many of mistakenly viewed the concept of Neters as being gods, thus they falsely project that the Kemetians did not acknowledge the One Creator of all). One of those Principles was called the Hermetic Principle of correspondence, i.e. as it is above, so it is below; as it is within, so it is without and vice versa. When applying this Principle, we find that we possess a Sun within us. When we project knowledge and intelligence, we are projecting enlightenment, thus we are displaying the Sun within. Another example is when we are presenting knowledge and wisdom to a person and they may not get what you're conveying at first, then once they get it, they say I/Eye SEE. Thus, Heru/Horus/Jesus, also, represents a Saving Sun/Light within us, which is illuminated (slowly approaching the concept of the Illunimanti) by what many call the Eye of Heru/Horus (Pineal Gland in medical

terminology), and is seen on many Illuminati symbols, such as the back of the Amerikkkan $1 dollar bill, and interestingly (not coincidentally) along with a pyramid. Just as this world's (i.e. this current Age of "death" and wicked rule) 3 major western religions (Judaism Christianity and Islam or JCI) can find their roots in ancient Kemet, so can freemasonry. However, the people (caucasions) that concocted JCI and westernized freemasonry, corrupted/distorted the original ancient Kemetian teachings and practices, and this corruption is a result of the nature of Caucasion people, who were called, by many Kemetians, Typhonians (meaning Satans or people of Satan). They claim to be the Illuminati (meaning people of Light or enlightenment or innerlightenment), however the true Illuminati that are destined to bring in a New World Order, from/to a World of Disorder/chaos/evil/darkness/death is our people, who are the True people of Saving Light, due to the fact that our Eye of Heru/3rd Eye/Pineal Glands are not sealed/calcified, while Caucasions have highly calcified Eyes of Heru, preventing them from being the True Illuminati. This is a reason why they were called Typhonians. You see, Typhonian is an extension of Typhon (like Christian is an extension of Christ). Typhon was another term for the Kemetian Neter Set, and Set represents the force called darkness. To under/inner/overstand astro-theological symbolism, is to under/inner/overstand this world's/era's/age's major religions. Adherents to Judaism and Christianity condemn astrology, as being paganistic. However, the "Holy Bible" is fiiled with astrological symbolism. The book of Job (38:31-33) states, 38:31, "Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Plei-a-des or loose the bands of Orion?" 38:32, "Canst thou bring forth Mazz-a-roth in his season? or canst thou guide Arc-tu-rus with his sons?" 38:33, "Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven? This is all in reference to the zodiac and astrology. The definition of Mazzaroth in the King James Version of the bible is "The twelve houses of the zodiac". Prior to being called "Holy Bible", that book was called Helio (Sun in Greek) Biblio (Book/Scroll in Greek), i.e. Sun Book; the original of which can be found in the myths encoded, in stone and story, around the ancient world, millennia before the Judeo-Christian bible was compiled. You see, the Bible/Helio Biblio is a book of astro-theological symbolism; and the chief symbol in astro-theology is the Sun. So important was the Sun, to the ancients, including the Hebrews, that the following passages were printed into the Helio Biblio: Psalms 113:3, the chosen are instructed to praise the Lord from the "rising of the sun to its setting." At Psalms 68:32-34, the faithful are instructed to "sing praises to Jah, to him who rides in the heavens, the ancient heavens whose majesty is over Israel, and his power is in the skies", exactly as was said about ancient Solar Heroes (Hero is derived from the Kemetian solar character's name Heru). Malachi 1:11: "For from the rising of sun to its setting my name is great among the nations." The Helio Biblio's Lord's name is not said to be great after the setting of the Sun, during the night, because his "name" is the Sun, as the Lord of the Christians goes by the name/title of Amen (derived from the Kemetian Solar Diety Amen-Ra), in Revelation 3:14.

In Malachai 4:2 of the Old Testament, it states "But unto you, fear my name, shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings." This Helio Biblio passage is a derivative/description of the ancient Kemetian symbol of the winged Sun (click here to see). The Sun gives up its life force to provide us with warmth, food and many other things. Thus, it was said that the Sun/Son of God gives its life up for us. SUNday is when most christians go to church. The Helio Biblio's symbolism stories are just masked, by carnalization and historicization, e.g. Solomon. There is no recorded ourstory of a king Solomon reigning over 12 tribes of Is-Ra-El. However, if we look to astro-theology, as Manly P. Hall suggests, then we find evidence of this Biblio event. The three syllables in Sol-Om-On are all names for the Sun, in three languages. Manly P. Hall wrote that Solomon and his wives and concubines were symbolic of the planets, moons, asteroids and other receptive bodies within his house (the solar mansion). Solomon's Temple is symbolic of the domain of the Sun. A greek historian named Herodotus (485-425 BCE [or Before Piscean Era]), travelled and researched the lands and history of Egypt and the near East. Herodotus heard nothing of the empire of Solomon; nor did Plato, in his travels to the same area. Not once does Solomon's name appear in any inscriptions, before the Hebrews wrote their texts. The ancients also symbolized the Sun as a baby in December, a youth at Easter, an immensely strong man by the summer, an aging man losing his power in the autumn, and an old man by the winter solstice. They, also, symbolized the sun as having long golden hair (sun rays), which got shorter as he lost his power in the months of autumn. Now, look at the old testament story of Samson (Sam-sun). He was incredibly strong and had long hair, but he lost his power, when his hair was cut. The problems started, when he entered the House of Delilah, the astrological house of Virgo (symbol of a woman), through which the sun passes as autumn approaches. In Hebrew, Samson means Solar. A common theme, in all esoteric school traditions, is of 12 tribes, disciples, knights or followers surrounding a deity (personified Sun). Thus you have the 12 tribes of Israel, 12 prines of Ishmael, 12 disciples or follwers of Jesus, Buddha, Osiris, and Quetzalcoatl etc. There is also King Arthur and his 12 knights of the round table (the zodiac circle); and the woman (Isis/Semiramis) with a crown of 12 stars in the Book of Revelation. Genesis symbolizes the 12 signs of the Zodiac, within the carnalized/historicized figures, called the 12 tribes of Is-Ra-El, as each are given an attribute associated with each Zodiac sign: Reuben (associated with water) = Aquarius (the Water Carrier), Genesis 49:3-4 Simeon & Levi (known as The Brethren) = Gemini (the Twins), Genesis 49: 5-7 Judah (the Lion's Whelp) = Leo (the Lion), Genesis 49: 8-12 Zebulum (associated with the sea) = Pisces (the Fish), Genesis 49:13 Issachar (called a strong ass) = Taurus (the Bull/Ox), Genesis 49:14-15

Dan (known as a serpent that biteth heels) = Scorpio (the Scorpion), Genesis 49: 16-17 Gad (overcome by a troop which is synonymous to a flock which is associated with sheep) = Aries (the Ram), Genesis 49:19 Asher (associated with bread, and bread is associated with justice) = Libra (the Scales of Justice), Genesis 49:20 Naphtali (known as a Hind) = Capricorn, Genesis 49:21 Joseph (associated with a bough and arches) = Sagittarius (the archer), Genesis 49: 22-23 Benjamin (known as a Devour) = Cancer (the Crab), Genesis 49:27 Dinah (the sole Female/Daughter) = Virgo (the Maiden/Virgin), Genesis 46:15 As/if you can see, the ancient writers of astro-theology were superb metaphorical writers. I've already presented some of the superb metaphorical astro-theological stories, surrounding the Sun symbol, Jesus, in the "Is Jesus In You & I/Eye" thread. Here, I'll go into the Zodiac Ages, mentioned throughout the New Testament: In Matthew 28:20 it states "Surely I am with you always, to the very end of the AGE." In Matthew 12:32, "The holy spirit will not be forgiven, either in this AGE or in the AGE to come." In Matthew 13:39, "The harvest is the end of the AGE, and the harvesters are angels". 13:40 "As the weeds are pulled up and burned in the fire, so it will be at the end of the AGE". In Matthew 24:3 "and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the AGE?" and from Luke 18:30 "the kingdom of God will fail to recieve many times as much in this AGE and, in the AGE to come, eternal life." First Corinthians 3:6, "We do, however, speak a message of wisdom among the mature, but not the wisdom of this AGE or of the rulers of this AGE who are coming to nothing". Hebrews 6:5 "Who have tasted the goodness of the word of god and the powers of the coming AGE". Ephesians 3:5, "Which in other AGES was not made known unto the sons of men, as it is now revealed unto his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit." Jesus is said to have fed his people with two fishes and five loaves. The two fishes represent "Pisces" and the Age of Pisces or that particular House of the Zodiac. That is why Jesus is referred to as the "great fisherman"; and, also, why the Pope's headdress is shaped like a fish. If the Pope's headdress is viewed sideways, you will fully see its fish shape. Rome has ruled the world, for over 2000 years, under the Age of Pisces. According to the ancient writings of our ancestors, it takes the Earth approximately 2,160 years to move through each zodiac house. Thus, we are at the doorstep of the next Zodiac House/New Age, i.e. Aquarius. Our ancestors wrote about the cycle, of what is called precession. This is the effect

of the Earth's wobble which slowly moves the planet on its axis, so that it faces different star systems/astrological houses. Ancient temples, all around the world, reflect these cycles of precession in their geometry and mathematics. According to the Mayan calendar, the critical changeover point is December 21st 2012. The ancients knew of these great cycles of change; and all the ancient calendars end in the period we are living through now. The Mayans said that there would be a transition period, between the old world and the new, as one version of time was replaced by another. They called this period no time; and they said this would begin July 1982 and lead to the shift on December 21, 2012. The ancients knew of the Earth's energy grid and its potential to affect human conciousness. Being that we live in the Earth's magnetic field, when it changes we change. Our ancient acestors studied the stars and used them for signs, for things such as changes, including changes in consciousness, which is astrology. The ruling elite (illuminated ones) know of the significance of astrology, but have tricked the masses, in religion, into viewing it as an evil and futile science. Thus, I'll close this post out with the following Biblio passage, which gives credence to the science of astrology (the study of signs from stars), from which much of today's major religions' concepts stemmed from. Genesis 1:14, "And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs..."

Planets Forming In Pleiades Star Cluster, Astronomers Report Rocky terrestrial planets, perhaps like Earth, Mars or Venus, appear to be forming or to have recently formed around a star in the Pleiades ("seven sisters") star cluster, the result of "monster collisions" of planets or planetary embryos.

Color composite image of the Pleiades star cluster produced by Inseok Song of the Spitzer Science Center, using montage software developed by IPAC/California Institute of Technology. An artist's rendering of a collision in the Pleiades (inset), by Lynette R. Cook, for Gemini Observatory. (Credit: Image courtesy of University of California, Los Angeles)

Astronomers using the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii and the Spitzer Space Telescope report their findings in an upcoming issue of the Astrophysical Journal, the premier journal in astronomy.

"This is the first clear evidence for planet formation in the Pleiades, and the results we are presenting may well be the first observational evidence that terrestrial planets like those in our solar system are quite common," said Joseph Rhee, a UCLA postdoctoral scholar in astronomy and lead author of the research.

The Pleiades star cluster, in the constellation Taurus, is well-known in many cultures. It is named for the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione, who were placed by Zeus among the stars in Greek mythology and is cited in the Bible "Can you bind the

beautiful Pleiades? Can you loose the cords of Orion?" (Job 38:31). The automaker Subaru's name is the Japanese word for the Pleiades, Rhee said.

The Pleiades is probably the best known star cluster and the most striking to the naked eye. "You've seen it many times, and it's now easily visible in the evening sky," said research co-author Benjamin Zuckerman, UCLA professor of physics and astronomy.

Although referred to as the "seven sisters," "the cluster actually contains some 1,400 stars," said co-author Inseok Song, a staff scientist at NASA's Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of Technology and a former astronomer with the Gemini Observatory.

Located about 400 light-years away, the Pleiades is one of the closest star clusters to Earth. One of the cluster's stars, known as HD 23514, which has a mass and luminosity a bit greater than those of the sun, is surrounded by an extraordinary number of hot dust particles "hundreds of thousands of times as much dust as around our sun," Zuckerman said. "The dust must be the debris from a monster collision, a cosmic catastrophe."

The astronomers analyzed emissions from countless microscopic dust particles and concluded that the most likely explanation is that the particles are debris from the violent collision of planets or planetary embryos.

Song calls the dust particles the "building blocks of planets," which can accumulate into comets and small asteroid-size bodies and then clump together to form planetary embryos, eventually becoming full-fledged planets.

"In the process of creating rocky, terrestrial planets, some objects collide and grow into planets, while others shatter into dust," Song said. "We are seeing that dust."

HD 23514 is the second star around which Song and Zuckerman recently have found evidence of terrestrial planet formation. They and their colleagues reported in the journal Nature in July 2005 that a sun-like star known as BD +20 307, located 300 light-years from Earth in the constellation Aries, is surrounded by one million times more dust than is orbiting our sun.

In an effort to uncover comparably dusty stars after their 2005 research, Rhee, Song and Zuckerman began looking through thousands of publicly accessible, deepinfrared images obtained by the Spitzer Space Telescope and soon discovered HD 23514. The astronomers then used the Gemini North telescope, located on Hawaii's dormant volcano Mauna Kea, to measure the heat radiation coming from the dust; the heat emerges at infrared wavelengths, just as the heat from our bodies does, Song said.

"The Gemini and Spitzer data were crucial in identifying and establishing the amount and location of dust around the star," Song said.

While our sun is 4.5 billion years old, the Pleiades Aries stars are "adolescents," about 100 million and 400 million years old, respectively, Rhee said. Based on the age of the two stars and the dynamics of the orbiting dust particles, the astronomers deduce that most adolescent sun-like stars are likely to be building terrestrial-like planets through recurring violent collisions of massive objects. The cosmic debris from only a small percentage of such collisions can be seen at any one time currently, only HD 23514 and BD +20 307 have visible debris.

"Our observations indicate that terrestrial planets similar to those in our solar system are probably quite common," Zuckerman said.

The astronomers calculate that terrestrial planets or planetary embryos in the Pleiades collided within the last few hundred thousand years or perhaps much more recently but they cannot rule out the possibility that multiple, somewhat smaller collisions occurred.

Many astronomers believe our moon was formed through the collision of two planetary embryos the young Earth and a body about the size of Mars. That crash created tremendous debris, some of which condensed to form the moon and some of which went into orbit around the young sun, Zuckerman said.

By contrast, the collision of an asteroid with Earth 65 million years ago, the most favored explanation for the final demise of the dinosaurs, was a mere pipsqueak, he said.

"Collisions between comets or asteroids wouldn't produce anywhere near the amount of dust we are seeing," Song said.

HD 23514 and BD +20 307 are by far the dustiest not-so-young stars in the sky. "Nothing else is even close," Song said.

Very young stars those 10 million years old or younger may have a similar amount of dust around them as a result of the star-formation process. However, by the time a star is 100 million years old, this "primordial" dust has dissipated because the dust particles get blown away or dragged onto the star, or the particles clump together to form much larger objects.

"Unusually massive amounts of dust, as seen at the Pleiades and Aries stars, cannot be primordial but rather must be the second-generation debris generated by collisions of large objects," Song said.

The Pleiades have been considered important by many cultures throughout history.

"To the Vikings, the Pleiades was Freyja's hens," Rhee said. In Bronze Age Europe, the Celts and others associated the Pleiades with mourning and funerals because the cluster rose in the eastern night sky between the autumnal equinox and the winter solstice, which was a festival devoted to the remembrance of the dead. The ancient Aztecs of Mexico and Central America based their calendar on the Pleiades.

The astronomers' research results are based on mid- and far- infrared observations made with the Gemini 8-meter Frederick C. Gillett Telescope at Gemini North and the space-based infrared observatories Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) and NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope.

Adapted from materials provided by University of California, Los Angeles. __________________ http://synergy777.blogspot.com/ http://www.myspace.com/synergy777 http://www.zazzle.co.uk/synergy777 Fearlessness means faith in God: faith in His protection, His justice, His wisdom, His mercy, His Love, and His omnipresence To be fit for Self-realization, man must be fearless. Paramahansa Yogananda