Multimedia University of Kenya CAT I EMG 2304: Mechanics of Machines II August 2013 Q1.

. a) What do you understand by gyroscopic couple? Derive a formula for its magnitude. [10 marks] (b) A gear engine automobile is traveling along a curved track of 100m radius. Each of the four wheels has a moment of inertia of 2.2kg-m2 and an effective diameter of 600mm. The rotating parts of the engine have a moment of inertia of 1.2kgm2. The gear ratio of the engine to the back wheel is 3:1. The engine axis is parallel to the gear axle and the crankshaft rotates in the same sense as the road wheels. The mass of the vehicle is 1600kg and the center of mass is 500mm above the road level. The width of the track is 1.5m. What will be the limiting speed of the vehicle if all the four wheels maintain contact with the road surface? [15 marks] (c) A gear engine automobile is traveling along a curved track of 120m radius. Each of the four wheels has a moment of inertia of 2.2kg-m2 and an effective diameter of 600mm. The rotating parts of the engine have a moment of inertia of 1.25kgm2. The gear ratio of the engine to the back wheel is 3:2. The engine axis is parallel to the gear axle and the crankshaft rotates in the same sense as the road wheels. The mass of the vehicle is 2,050kg and the center of mass is 520mm above the road level. The width of the track is 1.6m. What will be the limiting speed of the vehicle if all the four wheels maintain contact with the road surface? [15 marks] d) A rear-driven vehicle with a track width of 1.5m has a mass of 1600Kg and its centre of gravity is 500 mm above road level. Each of the four road wheels has a moment of inertia of 2.5Kg-m2 and an effective diameter of 600mm. The engine rotating parts have a moment of inertia of 1.2Kg-m2, the engine axis is parallel to the rear axle and the crankshaft rotates in the same sense as the road wheels. The gear ratio of engine speed to back axle speed is 3 to 1. Determine the limiting speed of the vehicle when travelling around a track of 100m mean radius for all four wheels to maintain contact with the road surface.

Q2 a) Explain the importance of balancing rotating and reciprocating masses in an engine. [5 marks] b) A rotating shaft carries four masses, A, B, C and D, rigidly attached to it, the mass centres are at 30 mm, 36 mm, 39 mm and 35 mm respectively from the axis of rotation. A, C and D are 7 kg, 5 kg and 4 kg; the axial distance between A and B is 500 mm and that between B and C is 600 mm; the eccentricities of A and C are at 90 to one another. Find, for complete balance, (i) the angles between A, B and D; (ii) the axial distance between the planes of revolution of C and D, and (iii) the mass B. [12 marks] c) A rotating shaft carries four masses A, B, C and D at radii 100, 125, 200 and 150 mm respectively. The planes containing masses B and C are 400 mm apart. If B and C make angles of 200 and 110 respectively with D in the same sense, determine: (i) The magnitude and the angular position of mass A, and (ii) The position of planes A and D. [10 marks] Q3. a) Explain the importance of balancing rotating and reciprocating masses. [5 marks] b) A rotating shaft carries four masses A, B, C and D rigidly attached to it; the mass centres are at 25 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm and 35 mm respectively from the axis of rotation; the axial distance between A and B is 400 mm and that between B and C is 500 mm; the eccentricities of A and C are at 90 to one another. If the masses A, C and D are 15Kg, 10Kg and 8Kg respectively, determine, for complete balance: (i) The angles between A, B and D, (ii) The axial distance between the planes of revolution of C and D, and

(iii)

The mass B.

b) A, B, C and D are four masses carried by a rotating shaft at radii 180, 240, 120 and 150 mm respectively. The masses of B, C and D are 30 kg, 50 kg, and 40 kg respectively. The planes containing masses B and C are 300 mm apart. If B and C make angles of 210 and 120 respectively with D in the same sense, determine: i) The magnitude and the angular position of mass A; and ii) The position of planes A and D. (13 marks) Q4. Determine the system stiffness matrix and the natural frequencies of the system shown, and sketch the mode shape for each frequency. (Assume m1 = m3 = 2m2 = 2m; and k1 = 3k; k3 = k; k2 = k4 = 2k)

Q5. (a) Derive an expression for the frequency of free torsional vibration for shaft: i) Fixed at one end and carrying a load on the free end; ii) Fixed at both ends and carrying a load between the ends. (b) A reciprocating internal combustion engine is coupled to a centrifugal pump through gearing. The shaft from the flywheel of the engine to the gear wheel is 60mm diameter and 1000mm long. The shaft from the pinion to the pump is 40mm diameter and 300mm long. Engine speed is 1/4 the pump speed. Other particulars are as indicated below: Moment of inertia for the flywheel = 800 Kg-m2 Moment of inertia for the pinion = 5 Kg-m2 Moment of inertia for the gear wheel = 15 Kg-m2 Moment of inertia for the pump impeller = 20 Kg-m2 Determine the natural frequency of the system assembly. Take G = 80 GN/m2 Q6. (a) What are the causes and effects of vibrations? (b) State the three most important factors to be considered in selecting an effective vibration isolator. (c) Derive an expression for the natural frequency of free vibrations by energy method. (d) If all the masses are equally spaced along the uniform cantilever, determine the flexibility matrix for the system as shown;