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"To be ourselves we must completeourselves"

OPERATIO 1{ G(|U ]ITD(|W]I

for Gharacter and Gitizenship

Author Chaplain (Lt Col) Vernon F. Kullowatz, USAF Editors Chaplain(LtCol) GeorgeM.Hickey,USAF Chaplain (Lt Col) Victor H. Schroeder, USAF Layout and Design James O. Johnson

First Edition,1962 SecondEdition, 1966

Publishedby Civil Air Patrol Headquarters, National Texas Base, Air Force Ellington

This documentwas preparedfor limited publication by the United States Air Force for its auxiliary, Civil Air Patrol. It may not be reproducedin Civil Air Patrolfrom Headquarters, whole or in part without permission USAF, Ellington Air Force Base,Texas.

Foreword
Thu ext is the result of an effort to bring into focus some of those t*t ingedients of character and personality which are essentialto citizenship. A close study of the iives of those generaty *6: rlrns,edged as representing the best among us will reveal the fcscae of at least thesecharacteristics. [rr lire in the midst of times which are most unforgiving of mediocrity ml imbalance.Mankind has probably faced no pr"ulou, period in *f many dependupon thi able citizenshipof ihe indiviiuar. : our mrid becomes smaller with each new day. It becomes increasingly dih;nlt for any local event to pass unnoticed or unfelt by ttre many. tfrdr is at once a wonderful and a sobering fact-wonderful in that accomplishedcan well have its poritiu" effect upon ryq*r all and $hrrin-s because one's mistakesin judgment and consequent actions :rrmn aLrc bring to bear such universal adverseresults. mi***r'iewe in the military establishment feel this awesome responsibility i;eenl1', we are proud to associate ourserves with the presentationof min a rcxt. we are convinced that the individual must becomea whole m'm' unless he possesses the essentialingredientsof sacred honor d integrity, emerging from a solid base of personal morality, no il"ncf,rnt of technical knowledgeand excellen"" *ill provide us with the rrilrL**n{ of national long-term survival. h u for this reasonthat one will find the Air Force Academy cadet uJhering so unswervinglyto his cadet Honol esds-..we will not lie, creat- steal,nor tolerateamongus thosewho do.,' The cadethandbook mritled ..NTRAILS, especially prefared for the incoming iourth;l'*isman, strikes the anvil of this ideai with sledgehammer foice, from ts possibleangles.It summarizes the value of the Honor code bv c"jng: -The narion which they have pledged themselves to defendmay some:41 call for the greatestof sacrifices;only the recognition uy o"ai"ut"a

men of the paramountvalue of idealswill guaranteesuch selllessreadiness.Honor is one of those ideals. And it is in the developmentof the habit of honor now that the cadets are being prepared to take their placesin the ranks of watchful men who have always been ready at their country's call-and ever shall be." In further support of our firm reliance upon the highest ideals of our nation and our deep senseof personal responsibility to uphold those principles with honor, we proudly pledge ourselvesto uphold what has come to be known as The U. S. Fighting Man's Code. Two particularly apropos Articles, I and VI, of the Code read as follows: "I am an American fighting man. I servein the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense "I will never forget that I am an American fighting man, responsible for rny actions,and dedicatedto the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the United States of America." that which is most illustrative of the central Thesespecificallyemphasize theme of this text-personal dedication to the developmentand preservation of our highest and most worthy national ideals. These two brief illustrations, then, will perhapssuffice to indicate why itself with the United StatesAir Force can so wholeheartedlyassociate this treatment-it embodiesthe basic principlesfor which we stand and for the protection of which we would gladly give our lives.

I t

Acknowledgments
appreciationis hereby expressed for the assistance given to F*t" tlr prolrt by Chaplain (Major) Franklin Gosserof the ermy Ctraplei's Board, Ft. Meade, Maryland. certain sectionsof this text were rcrially benefittedby the use of Board materials. Additionally, we thank the united StatesAir Force Academy for the e of someof its materialsin the area of good mannersand becorum. spece will not permit naming the many membersof the Headquarters, c,nl Air Patrol-USAF staff who have assistedin the preparation of " treatment. Outstanding among those are Mr. Charies W. Webb, Dr. Mattison L. Story, and Mrs. Betty Corbran of the Aerospace Education section. @iration and technical guidancehave been freely given by numerous ctrylains of civil Air patrol. Notable among ttri.. ur" chaplains o'connell and Albert plotkin of the cAp National chaplain I-* Ornmittee. special acknowledgmentis also made to the following publishers, as wll as the individuals referencedin the text, for ttreir t<inapermission b use material from their respective publications: Association Press,New York Z, N. y., publishers of. Treasury ol the chrktian Faith by Stanley I. stuber and Thomas curtis clark, editors(1949). Dodd, Mead & Company, New york 16, N. y., publishers of. The Home Book ol Quotationsby Burton Stevenson, eaitor (195g). Doubleday& Company,Inc., New york22, N. y., publishersof.Amy vanderbilt's complete Book ol Etiquette by Amy vanderbilt (1954). Funk & Wagnalls, New York 10, N. y., publishers of. Etiquette by Emily Post(1960).

Good Will Publishers,Inc., Gastonia,N. C., publishersof flope ol the Nation4ur American Heritage by Nelson B. Keyes and Edward (1952). F. Gallager Harper & Brothers, New York 16, N. Y., publishersof The Book ol Unusual Quotations by Rudolf Flesch, editor (1957). The Heritage Foundation, Inc., Chicago 45, Ill., publishers of. The Ke!,to Peaceby ClarenceManion (1951). J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia 5, Pa., publishers of The New Esquire Etiquette by the editors of Esquire I|{agazne (1959). National Education Association, Washington 6, D. C., publishers of Moral and Spiritual Values in tlc Public Sctr@ls, 1951, by the Educational Policies Commission (1951). National Republic Publishing Cr.,Inc., Washington 4, D. C., publishers of.National Republic, XLII, containing quotation by Dwight D. Eisenhower. Permission for use extended in memory of the former editor and publisher of National Republic maginine; namely, \Malter S. Steele, who passedaway quite suddenlyon March 2,1960. Random House, Inc., New York 22, N. Y., publishersof SpaceHandbook: Astronautics and lts Applications by Robert W. Buchheim ( 19s9). D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Princeton, N. J., publishersof Van Nostrand'sDictionary ol Guided Missilesand SpaceFlight by Grayson Merrill, editor (1959) and How to Get Leadershipand Influence by R. W. Wetherill ( 1949).

TABTE OF C(II{TEI{TS

I rnooucTrol{
GRoul{D EQUTpMET{T 2 mmPAcE 0.rr \arionai Concepts
lnsritutions Supporting National Concepts The Home and the Family The School . The Church and Synagogue . Other Social Institutions .. .

I .9 .. 1l .. 2l ...2l
)4

.. 26 .28 . 3l
... )z
... Jt

STAGE PROPUI.SIOI{ 3PNIMRY

Tbirst for Knowledge and Accomplishment .. Development of Vision-Total Awareness .. .... Formulation of Goals With a System of Values Initiative S en seof Du ty ..... . . . . . . .

..39 ... 40
. .+)

PROPUTSI(Iil STAGE 4STCOI{DARY

Perseverance Courage Dependability OptimisticEnthusiasm Charity Sincerity

.. 47 .48 . 51 56
... ) 6

.60 .64 .67 .. 70 ...71 ... 76 ...79 .82 84 89 95 . 104

SYSTEM 5IIIEGUIDAI{CE

P r ud en ceor Com m on Sens e . . . . . . . . . . . \loderation or Balanced Living . . Recognition of Authority Honesty and Personal Integrity Sense of Justice , Conviction and Devotion to Principle

PAYTOAD 6THE PAYTOAD 11{ ACTIOI{ 7THE

GLOSSARY Appendix-The Nose Your A ppear anc e ....... Your Conversation .... Your Correspondence Special Subjects ... ....

,rtrr"l

r1{TRoDUCTt0l{
We experience an involuntary catch in our breath as the voice we hear callins over the launch complexx public addresi system says, "Attention all personnel! Attention all personnel!" The moment we have been waiting and preparing for is here! "All personnel report to duty stirtions immediately. Countdown checkout procedures will begin in ten minutes," the voice continues.We hurry to our appointed positions and wait, tensely expectant.For the spacevehicle on the launch pad, the countdown period w h i c h w i l l c o n l m encei n momeni s w i l l be among the most critical phases of its life. This is the final period of check_ out before the order can be given to launch. As each countdown sequence is brought into being and its function found to be proper, another green light will appear on the master control panel until they are all "in the green.,' Then, and only then, will the order ..Launch!" be given, and the space vehicle will be on its way. The actual blastoff is spec_ tacular, and each phase of the eventunl flight path will also be most important to the achievementof the orbital mission we seek, but here, on the countdown p ro c e d u re , w i l l depend much that follows.
T Wo r d s p r in te d in bol dface type are l i sted in Glo ssa r v.

The "glamour" surrounding the actual flight into space tends to draw one's attention from the awesome importance of the preparatory stages leading to that event. No space flight can ever hope to succeed unless the necessary prior planning, engineering, and equipping procedures have taken place. Then comes the final countdown to checkout our bird so as to give the greatest possible assuranceof a successfullaunch into an effective orbit. This manual, then, will have as its purpose that of providing you future leaders what is earnestly hoped will be a helpful personal countdown procedure with which to checkout your whole inner makeup. This is vital so that in the very near future you will be ready when the world's challenges demand that the vehicle of your character and personality be launched to perform your mission in life. In order to be able to enter into an intelligent and effectual checkout of any space vehicle system, one must be aware of its several major In what might be termed a typical spacesystem,there would subsystems. probably be found at least four subsystems.These would consist of: (1) aerospaceground equipment (hereafter referred to as AGE), (2) propulsion, (3) guidance,and (4) the payload-nosecone combination. The AGE would include all items of ground equipment necessary to launch the vehicle. The propulsion subsystem would include those elements of the craft which are of primary concern in giving the thrust necessary to lift it off the launch pad and continue it to the mission objective. The guidance system would constitute the mechanism necessary to control its flight in such manner as to keep it on course. And the manned vehicle, with which we are primarily concerned in this study, would incorporate in its payload the passengers and their personal equipment necessaryfor the successfulaccomplishment of the mission, all housed in an efficiently designed, protective nose cone. In carrying out this comparison, then, between our lives and a manned space system, we will consider those basic elements of the home and family, the school, the church and synagogue,and other social institu-

rons: our constitutionalrights and responsibilities in regard to life, tr-.tf . and the pursuit of happiness;and the undergiriing of our sp'iritualheritageas the AGE which each of us must nuue ai'a use in L\rderto begin our life's flight of service.

I$'o stages:

For our purposes we shall break down the propulsionsubsystern into

( I ) the primary propulsion stage and (2) secondary stage propulsion. The former will consistof thoseelements of our characterwhich must be presentin order to give us the primary drives in life to reach our goal. The latter will constitute those secondaryforces in our lives *'hich will sustainus in our journey throughlife. These forces we may .-haracterize, therefore,as those which give thrust to the vehicre of our life. In the next analogous phaseof our treatment,we will deal with those qualitieswhich will take the forces of thrust we have just mentioned and bring them under usefurcontrol so that the tremendous specific impulsegenerated will be used at all times to push us in the direction of our objective.

{i
Our final countdowncheckoutinvolvesthe mannedcapsuleor payload, housed in the nose cone. Here is contained that for which everything else in the entire systemwas devised.The bestAGE, propulsion, and guidance systemsin the world are of little value without a complete payload, ready to perform the central requirements of the mission. Taking one of our Strategic Air Command's intercontinental ballistic missilesas an example,what folly it would be to spendthe millions of dollars and thousandsof man-hoursrequired to put that missile on its stand,ready to defendour nation againstarmed aggression, if, when the time comes to use it, the thermonuclearwarhead, which is to be its payload, is incapableof performing its proper function! So it is that we will concern ourselves,in the chapter which includes treatment of the payload, with the completely integrated personality, ready to serve. For the purposes of our study, we will deal separately with the nose cone itself in the appendixof the book. Just as a properly equippedpayload would be of little value if it were not protectedfrom the elementsof space by the smoothand sturdilyconstructed nosecone, ceramic-covered so we, without certain"exterior" qualities of goodmanners and decorum, would lose much, if not all, of our real effectiveness in our life's work.

We have, then, briefly outlined the generalareaswhich will be coveredt in the balance of our study. You have been shown a glimpse of the aerospace framework upon which these ideas will be built. Let us now direct the balance of our attention in this introductory treatment to considering the importance of those elements of our character and moral worth which lead to a completelysuccessful life.

"Perfection is attained by slowdegrees .,.

-'f :--: :n lr'hich we live can unqustionablybe characterizedas the -rS :::-;hnological progress.',Supposewe reduce the entire span of :rl; ;::i:'s etistence,from the first moment of its creation until now, rrT r --.:3 chart depicting one calendar year. The first existence of earth -: : rli-r!ilizable mass would be shown as occupying the first portion :r *-::irsr second of January 1st of that year. The time occupied r ; - -: :eading of this very line of this book would then occupy the last n-q--:: trf the last second of December 3lst of this hypothetical year. r\:'r' \-i.nce tells us that the entire historical period from man,s inven:r-,: :: the first wheel, many years before the birth of Christ, would :u-:-i-. less than the last 45 seconds of this ,,calendar year" of the r.Li--:> eristence! we have, indeed, made fantastic progress in these L-i:: tif technological development. Most of our great scientists today rE*.-'- there is no theoreticallimit to this growth. what many of our r!:.:s .rre genuinelyconcernedabout is that we as men are not keeping t',:: \\' are learning to do but not to be! One individual reflects this il- '--r'-is in saying, "I believe that this moral crisis in the world is a -:-lei':ron essentiallyof the fact that mankind has made tremendous :- -i::.s in the physical sciences,but has failed to make comparable l-"'-r3:s in the human and social sciences. we know a great deil more '$'r{-: :nachines and materials than we know about how to work with

&: ::"r much said today concerningthe need to survive-that we are :u -: dail' imperiled by forces of evil in men and nations. America ' '-'-i.r'd to by many of the smaller nations of this world as the onry -::--''ning hope for the survival of the principles of individual freedom

rcq!.ires the hqnd of time,"

ancl libcrty, thc right to which wc bclicvc cvcry man has bcen divincly cn dowec l.Y c t , t h c rc a rc m a n y w h o b c l i e v e that, as esscnti alas our mi lit ar y , c c ononr i c .a n d i n d u s tri a l p o te n ti a l i s to w i nni ng thi s confl i ct, llr v c . in t hc I i n a l a n a l y s i s l . i ttl c h o p e fo r th e survi valol ' thesc sacrecl "vc ri g ht s unlc s swe d c v e l o p n rc n rv i th th e i n n c r strcngthancl rvorth to usc th e nr t o win. B r i g l c l i e r G c n c ra l C h a rl c s A. Li ndbergh states at thi s p oint , " S ur v iv ll h l s a ti n rc c l i rn c n s i o n w h i c h s a ysthat po' ,r' cr consi sts of nrorc than strcngth cll' lirrns. Short-ternr survival nlry clcpcncion thc kn owlc dgc of nu c l e a r p h y s i c i s tsa n d th e p c rl ' ornrancc of supcrsoni e a i r c r af t , but long-tc rrns u rv i v a l d c p c n d sa l o n e o n tl rc chrrrac:ter ol ' nran. Ou r s c ient if ic ,c c o n o n ri c ,i rn d n ri l i ta ry a c c o rnpl i shnrcnts arc rocl tcd i n th c lt unr anc luulityw h i c h p ro c l u c c s th e rrr.In tho l ast anl l vsi s. al l ol ' our kn or v lc c lge, or fai l s all o f o u r a c ti o n . a l l o l o u r p r osress succeccl s a cc or dingt c l it s c ffc c t o n th c h u n ra n b o c l y .n ri ncl .ancl spi ri t. W hi l c w e co nc c nt r at o our u ttc n ti o no n th c to o l s o f c c o nonti csand w ar. w c nl l l st n ot nc glc c t t hc b a s i c n re i rn s o l s r-rl l i v a l .th e busi c rcason I' or survi val , n ru n hinr s ell. "

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w as :'r.t of the moral failure of the peopre themserves-not r r r vr r r ) s r v s s _l ot t/vv1,r r soecificatv Spec l lil fi C al cal ly l y
16 sr

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qualitics which make up true strengttr '.P:l-t:^:: : character and genuine moral worth, they wilt survive in spite of all r\t.cles' without these qualities they wili eventuaty fail, despite the a . enc c ol' out s id e enemies.

,::'^:11:,^r'1 .lgg'e1so1. rorted out fromtheinside! As longas lhev p,ossesscd of those

C)ur -goalis much more than survival. This term, in and of itself, carries ''':th it a negativeidca. Survival, yes, but survival in order to accomprish ' 'i hat we seek. Becausewe do havc an outstandingheritage as Ameri-':flS' r point with which we shall deal specificallyln the iext chapter, 3 ''\ant to take thesc wonderful resources "'' of plople and things and

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tl and_free to cnjoy its rightrllnr,".it""." or"p"o.. i .:i11 1 I"j'10 (.vvvrrryrrrrr t: trrt) luiectiv;,';;; uuJcuLlvg, ^ v n"o'pii,h ttris \l . i;:::::^'-":1d:: .-hriracter, and to 9':o this ';'i';;;
end this text has been prepared.

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"OtOra
EQUIPIIENI Ir

AERosPAGEGRo I
Our ilational Heritage U
We remember from the "Introduction" that the first major subsystem to be considered in our countdown checkout is called aerospaceground equipment or AGE. We must not allow ourselvesto become so engrossedwith the space vehicle itself that we give little or no considerationto the ground equipment which providesthe launch complexfrom which it will take its leap ,,into the blue.,, Without AGE, the spacevehicle is only an item of inventory-an object on a stocklist,so to speak. Just to list all the individual parts and pieces of AGE necessaryfor any successfullaunch would require a volume the size of a large city telephone directory. No attempt will be made to itemize them here. A simple definition, found in one of our newest aerospace publications, Air Force Glossary ol Standard Terms and Definitions, should suffice to give the reader an idea of the immensityof this one, all-important subsystem.This particular definition makes specific referenceto AGE for a missile weapon system,but it can apply almost directly to our manned space vehicle

rl
,,All equipment required on the ground to make a weapon AGE. It reads, system operational in its intended environment. This includes all equipment required to install, launch, arrest, guide' control, direct, inspect, test, adjust, calibrate, appraise, gage, measure' assemble, disassemble, handle,-transport, safeguard, store, activate, service, repair, overhaul, maintain, or operate the system' ' . ."

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Just as those items of AGE included in the above-stateddefinition make up a vast base from which to launch an actual space vehicle, so there aie countless factors which must be brought into play to successfully thrust the vehicles of our lives "into the wild blue yonder." So many are these items of AGE that give support to our lives that we can't begin to enumerate them all, let alone discussthem. However, there are some which are so important to us that they witl be given individual consideration in this chapter. These are the support elements arising from our national heritage, culture, and environment which have contributed to the successful journey through life of literally millions of Americans, past and present.Among these are the spiritual, moral, and philosophical principles from the possession of which our wonderful country has gained its titles "The Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave" and "The Cradle of Democracy." We hasten to assert at this point that we do not mean to imply that America either invented these sacred principles or is their sole owner. However, other great national experiments have been attempted along similar lines in many countries of the world, but so far ours seemsmost successful.Therefore, we make this humble effort to discuss some of these ingredients of national heritage which have so ably launched other lives toward worthy goals. Perhaps in the doing, your life will receive its proper start as well. The fact is that readinessfor our "flight" of life must not be measured solely upon the qualities of the "craft" itself, but also upon how well integrated into the whole "space system" it may be. This means that our.,rocket" must be completely tied into its'AGE" in order that the ..blastoff,' might be as "programmed," and so that we will be put well on the way to our "mission objective." These items which form the .,launch platform" of our lives are most important in fitting us for the fullest measure of capability in that which lies ahead' There is

10

Michelangelo's "Creationof Man" - SistineChapel _Vatican orning wrong in always keeping before our minds the goals we seek, tm re must place great and continuing attention on our foundations ,{GEt as well. It is as Henry David Thoreau counseled, ,,If you have buLrtcastles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they stuJ{rldbe. Now, put the foundations under them." The foundations of nur "{merican heritage, then, concern us in this phase of our study. OUR NATIONAL CONCEPTS

crq firstAGE consideration is that of the philosophical base upon which ,suu'nationallife was founded. So many genuine scholars of American .trrscrrl and government have said so much about these matters that we rs;irte in attempting to say more. However, we believe the more beginning principles of our national heritage may be reduced -@rEronant m simple terms to the following six statementsof national faith: l- \\'e, as human beings, are common creations of the same God, $r,*dein His image, and under His will we live. l- The messageof the first statement implies that the most precious rrnel in the national treasure chest is the God-given basic dignity and ry:r_r of the individusl-"1161 all men are created equal; that they are mdo*'ed by their creator with certain inalienable rights; that among **e are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.', -: Each individual bears a personal responsibility to all other individrr&.: in the protection and development of these God-given rights. 4- Government and all duly constituted authority exists for the sole mefit of the people. -<- In order for this to be effected the people must accept responsi-nLl' toward their government.

11

relationships,man with 6. In order to maintain theseinterdependent man and man with government,a systemof written rules and guarantees is necessary. First Statementof National Faith. The recognition by our Founding Fathers that we are all creationsof the Heavenly Father has been the true source of our national strength. It is here that the five remaining statements of national faith find their true meaning.It is in our acceptance of the Fatherhood of God that we come to an understanding of the basic dignity of the individual with his severally created divine rights. It is becauseof our recognition of a joint birthright from God that we come to understandour responsibilityto each other in working toward the common good. In understandingour divine origin, it was only natural that we should frame our Constitution and principles of jurisprudencebasically upon His rules and guides. In fact, it can be rightfully maintained that our nation, from its beginning,has been built upon the fundamentalconcept brotherof the recognitionof the Fatherhoodof God and the consequent hood of man. This is what makes us so entirely different from Marxian making man just a high RussiawhereGod is nonexistent, communistic form of animal life.

",(/hrie/y i.t y'tr,rfttce/ /t7 on,t

rrt t t /r,. rr,rr r(,r/n r,,e i t r ut ett I /' 11
au i u, tc/te((n&j.I. r'no*o,paine... 1765

In accordancewith this materialisticviewpoint expressedby the communist philosophy, man is possessed of no soul. He really bears no responsibilityto others except in matters of pure expediency.Nothing is really right or wrong insofar ils man's relationshipto man is concerned. Man is really nothing more than the end result of a seriesof evolutionary circumstances-with no plirnned beginning or end. He is just another of thc freak evolvementsof zrform of animal 1ile.cominc from nowhere and getting to nowherc. What a tragically bleak and hopelessconcept when compared with the deli-ehtful"Family of God" idea upon which our lives, as Americans, are historicallyfoundcd. Students of psychology have long sincc discovered thl t tw o of the strongestdrivcs of thc hun.ran p c rs o n a l i tya re : ( I ) tnc urgc to bc wantcd or acceptcdand (2) the desire to improve oncsclf. How understiindablcthcsc are whcn rcvicwcd in relationship to our origins and purposcl Why shouldn't thesc bc thc most natural conscq uc nc esof bein g p a rt o f a n c tc rn a l fa n ti l y by rcason of bei ng gi vcn lifc bv thc same Spiritual Father'l Whilc our nat io n a l b c g i n n i n g s w c rc l a rg c l y C hri sti an,thi s i s a concept u nder whic h m e n o f a l l fu i th s c a n l i v e a n d b ui l d a srei rt nati on " under God, indiv is ible ,w i th l i b e rtv a n d i u s ti c eI' o r al l ."

"If men were angels, no gouernment would be necessary."

t\|t.ra rtder Hartti ltut

llr
It is as Clarence Manion said, "Fraternity, or brotherhood, results when men have a common Father. The brotherhood of man consequently proceeds from the common Fatherhood of all men in God, Our forefathers were wise enough to see that this the Creator indestructible soul was the eternal quality that all Americans-indeed that all men everywhere-had and have in common with one another. Far from making a new God out of 'Society,' the American Revolution was an official public acknowledgment of the one true pre-existing God, the Creator of all men and source of all the rights of men' While the Europeans were sowing the materialistic winds of their political and economic storms, our Founding Fathers were building Americanism upon the firm foundations of religious faith." A current point of acute national concern should be that so many of us, who are the successorsof this magnificent beginning, have drifted such a long distance from faithful adherenceto this concept. Instead of beginning the AGE countdown checkout of our lives with this point, we go past it to lesser things. This situation was so ably expressed by William H. Boddy who said, "It becomes ever plainer to me that the impotence of our generation, the weaknessof our religion as well as the secularizationof it, is born of an easy,vague, and undemanding theology' God has been an affiliate. He is a member emeritus of our society. We have had a God who is a convenient point of rhetorical reference. We have a God who gives celestial sanction to our own prejudices and desires.The Glorious and Holy One, in whose hands the nations are as a drop in the bucket, we have forgotten. We have a hazy, humanized God whose activity is seen vaguely everywhere and clearly nowhere. The God for whose glory we exist and in the doing of whose will is the only reason for life has been too largely lost' Macauley said of the Puritans, 'They feared nothing but God.' Of our generation some historians may yet write, 'They feared everything-but God!"' Ours is a nation UNDER GOD. Many everyday facts of life attest to it. Perhaps the most familiar portrayal of this fact can be determined by looking at one of our coins-any coin. Indelibly imprinted on its face at our government mints will be the statement "In God we trust." Look at the reverse side of any dollar bill. A detailed inspection of the 14

Great Seal will disclose the Latin inscription "Annuit coeptis." This phrase may be interpreted to mean, ..He has prospered our beginnings.,, The He, of course, refers to God. The recognition of an overall relationship with God constitutcs,then, the first and most significantstatementof our national faith. Remcmber, in your preparation for life's fright of scrvice, your real strcngth depends not only upon your physical or mental abilities but also upon your relationshipto God. Keep first things first. Not long ago our president summed it up well in saying,"without God thcre could be no American form of government, no American way of life . . thus our Foundins Fathers saw it, and thus with God,s help, it will continueto be."

15

;-F

'1.
SecondStatementof National Faith. The secondof our statements of national faith, that the "most precious jewel in the national treasure chestis the God-givenbasic dignity and rights of the individual," is so woven into the first that we will not require much further comment' it any less important However,the readeris urged againstconsidering as a result. "This Eisenhower said in his first inauguraladdress, It is as President faith is the abidingcreedof our fathers.It is our faith in the deathless beyond debate those gifts of the dignity of man . . it establishes Creator that are man's inalienablerights and makes all men equal in His sisht." As creationsof God, each of us is of infinite worth. We are born into of a sacreddignity. We didn't have to buy it, nor this world possessed to enter into a contractto earn it. are we caused
We may certainly grow up to become so slovenly a character that we do, in fact, make this priceless heritage a mockery. But each child enters this world the most precious jewel of God's creative processes. This we believe, and it is a cardinal statement of our national faith. It is this which has been the basic element of our national greatnessthat no matter the color of the skin, the amount of our family fortunes, the ethnic ancestry of our forefathers, nor the particular formalized religious faith we espouse,we are each, as His children, possessedof magnificent personal dignity and worth. We are, therefore, privileged to take this birthright and, with the free environment which surrounds us, shape our individual destinies.

..IFALLMAI{KIt{D llNE MII{US & 0NtY 0Pl}ll0N 0F 01{E WERE ()FA C(lN. (lt{EPERS(II{ WERE MA NK IND O PINI(lN, TRAR Y JUSTIFIED BEI{O M(IRE W|IUTD sttEllclllcrHAr 0l{E 0Plt{l0N IHEP(IWER, HAD IHTTIIE,IFHE llAilKlND." r0 sltEllcE to h n StuartMill...1780

Third Statement of National Faith. The obvious implication of what we have just said is that each of us bears a responsibility to all other individuals in the protection and development of these God-given rights. When we come to the realization that, under God, we all stand on an equal footing with respect to our sacred privileges, reason forces us to the acknowledgment of mutual responsibilitiesin insuring them. It might be illustrated by a brief but simple lessonin geometrics,which we express in the following drawing:

POSTULATE: THINGS EQUAL TO THE SAME THING ARE EQUAL TO EACH OT}IER.

IT IS HARD TO DESPISEOUR ADVERSARIES IF WE REMEMBER THAT THEY ARE GOD'S PRODUCTS.

E. Heiman

If you are madein the imageand likeness of God as His child. and I am madein the sameimage,we are, by virtue of that commonrelationship, equal with each other. Pleasedon't try carrying this crude illustration too far, but it will help you to understand that it is in our very nature as common creationsof the sameGod that we are also brothers.we neitherseekthis relationship, nor havewe the right of choicein accepting it-it is inherent in our makeup. This being true, we are .'our brother'skeeper,"and one of the joyful responsibilities of our life is to so live as to benefitthat mutual and interdependent association. To go into detail in dealingwith all the implications of this relationship would be a book in itself. suffice it to say that in this statement of our national faith almostall of life is encompassed. l7

:l
Fourth Statement of National Faith. It follows as night the day that just and lawful government must then ensue in order to effect these iights and mutual responsibilities. As Jefferson said in the Declaration ,,To secure these rights, governments are instituted oi Independence, govamong men, deriving their just powers from the consent ol the people, the government of erned." (The italics are mine.) This is "that by the people, for the people" of which Abraham Lincoln spoke. It was dlvised from the beginning not as an end but as a means to serve the best interests of the people. This fact is pointed up in the following quotation by clarence Manion, "American government was designed to function ihrough representativeschosen either directly or indirectly by the people, and responsible to the people on regularly recurring eiection days. This RepresentativeSystem is the essenceof the Republican Form of government to which all the Founding Fathers were enthusiastically devoted." No government otherwise designed can long endure. Fifth Statement of National Faith. In order for government to assume its proper role as the tool "for the people," we as individuals must each assumeour own responsibilitiestoward that government. Here is where our moral obligations enter. we must thoroughly acquaint ourselves with those seeking office - their political philosophies, moral and spiritual attitudes, past records of accomplishment, sts'-59 that, by our intelligent vote, the men who are placed in government will, in fact, be our true representativesand so that when congress acts, we act! Perhaps you passed over lightly a serious implication stated above in the words, "by our intelligent vote." The implication of those words is that, having ihoroughly acquainted yourself with the one running for office, youlook the all-important initiative by voting! All the result of any election means is that the men who won represent the majority vote of those who participated in the election. This may seem such a selfevident truth that it requires little comment. The fact is that in order for our government to be truly representative "of the people" the men who are elected must be in office becausethe vast majority of the nation went to the polls to put them there. This simply is not historically what has followed. l8

!l

For years our total vote in any average national election has come from just about one-half of our total voting-age citizenry. This is a shameful dereliction of our responsibility to our government. The record in local, state, and city elections is even poorer-much poorer! Thousands of communities scattered across the length and breadth of our land are "lucky" to get 10 percent of their eligible voters to the polls. This has many national implications, not the least of which is the fact that many of these local offices are stepping-stonesto strong candidacy for future service in national government. If the wrong men are elected to places of responsibility in local government, a percentageof them may eventually be placed much higher. There is another facet of this responsibility which we owe to ourselves in regard to our government. Having placed those in office who will truly represent us, we must willingly submit ourselves to the judgments of that government. The current attitude in regard to abiding by the laws of our country is that we will comply with just enough to keep us "out of the clutches of the law," as we put it. This involves everything from tax responsibilitiesto customs regulations. This basic attitude is immoral, and it is symptomatic of a basic sickness among us! This is OUR nation-this is OUR government-it merits OUR unqualified support! If it is not representative of our best national and individual interest. we have the necessarytools to make it so. In the meantime, we bear a personal responsibility to it.

iff l,llli!'utirfiitlltI rt:

-@EtlriiL;it

,,,: i iiil, Finally, in our study of the philosophical base on which our nation was founded, we come to the sixth of our statements of national faith: "In order to maintain these interdependent relationships, man with man and man with government, a system of written rules and guarantees is necessary." Central to the successfulfulfillment of our national goals is our Constitution with its all-important amendments as found in what we have come to know as the Bill of Rights. Keyes and Gallagher said, "Many think that the Constitution gives us our rights and liberties. This is not true. Our forefathers and we of today have them as our national right, Its purpose is to secure them to us and to our children after us. That is why this Constitution of ours is one of our great heritages, and one which we must guard if we wish to keep our freedorns. lt is the protective instrument of 'we the people'; and it says, and must continue to say to Congress,the President, and to the states, 'This far can you go, but not one step beyond."' In order for government to be truly an extension of the will of the people, the Constitution provides for a division of power between three separate branches, as pointed out by Keyes, "with balances between them to prevent the concentration of too much power in one group, or even among all three branches. There was the Congress to think things out, express the hopes of those it represented, and to decide upon the course to be taken. Next, there was the chief executive officer-the President-whose duty was to get things done. Then, there was the judiciary, topped by a Supreme Court, with the task of acting as referee and of judging whether actions taken were in accordance with 'we the people.'" Then came the first amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, which included, according to the above-quoted authors, "Not the rights granted, for those rights were a part of the freedom which belonged to every American. Rather, they were prohibitions, preventing the government from carelessly or callously interfering with an individual's life, liberty, and property rights." This. then, forms the ideological and working base upon which our lives as Americans operate. This constitutes our primaryAGE.

'i
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INSTITUTIONS SUPPORTING NATIONAL CONCEPTS Before concluding this aspectof our study, let us take a brief look at some of the principle institutions for fostering these basic items of AGE. Thesemight be groupedunder four headings: (1) the home and the family, (2) the school. (3) the church, and (4) other socialinstitutions. The Home and the Family. Allow me to take you to a lonelyadvanced fighterbase.It is 13Vz air miles from the enemy-just 1 minute 20 secondsaway. A ground crew is standins bv. always tense at the moment of takeott. -Even now, on their bodies,they bear the sweatof their toil to prepare their pilot's plane for this mo_ ment. His superiors,who have led and trained hjm for this experience, standabout in the ready shack out on the edge of the runway, always acutely aware of the importance of this event. Just as he completeshis enginerunup and fin_ isheswith his final preflight checklist, he gives the word, "Ready to roll!" As a man in ttre tower turns on the runway lights, the planeroars down the brilliantly lit ribbon of concreteand steel.Each in his place watchesin breathless silencein that last split second of the pilot being yet earth-bound;then he and his craft leap into the blackness of the night. The lights go out on the runway. Thesemany peoplenow relax, just a little, in the knowledgethat they have done all in their power to put him on his way, prepared in the bestmannerpossiblefor what awaitstrim in the battle ahead.

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for the youth of today' This is a fair picture of the mission of the home Th ehom eis c harg e d w i th th e c h a l l e n g i n g re s ponsi bi l i tyofhel pi ngyou life' off to a good start-ready to face the demands of do not provide this The tragedy is that too many homes of today simply platform for you young all-important environment and training launch people. from God that he Each of you come into this world a blessed message one of our real hopes' does not yet completely despair of man' You are has to offer' You deserve the best iraining and support the home home is that it has One of today's basic weaknessesin the American activity' it has human of lost the common touch. Like so many centers place where' the is Here largely become a focal point of specialization' oldsatisfying, deeply and instead of the joys of home-uat<edbiscuits and vitamins B-complex fashioned cornbread, there is much talk of excited the problem' terrifying caloric content! When discussing this be remembered' pronoon-""-ent of an old seminary professor will long biscuit!" Of course' this He said, "The home must be centered around a is not m eant t oi mp l y th a tth e a n s w e rto a l l th e probl emsofmaki ngour a simple matter of the homes what they should be can be reduced to precisely this point where culinary arts' It is felt, however, that it is at a clue to the solution might be found' group-centered emphasis to We have strayed from the simple, family activity' We have pointless that of a disorganized frenzy of almost the home as the viewing of Instead completely reveried our prospective' hubof f am ily lif e ,a s i to n c e w a s ,to w h i c h a l l i tsmembersl ookasbei ng upon it as a point from the center of life's experience,we come to look as not to be- at home' long which to get away. but-anywhere-so puts it' which-keep her she it''' as Mother may fret over the "demands of f r om s uc h" im p o rta n t" a c ti v i ti e s " o u to n th e ri m" ' suchashercomtheme "Combating Juvenile munity committee *tti"tt upholds the to read the evening paper neti.rqu"n"y." Dad can't sit down long enough his evening planning session because he may be so rushed to get to for' among others' his own which was called to provide useful activities
.,1

I t
i

child, who may roam the streets. Junior can't help mow the lawn,nor can Janie wash the dishes,because eachis so much in a hurry to get out with the gang,who may be in trouble before the night is over because, after they get together,they will find they didn't really have anything in mind in the first place! Little ones are sent to ballet to gain poise. Teen-agerswill be foisted off on charm classes to learn manners.All the time. the best lessonsin poise in all the world are those indelible impressions left in little minds who grow up watching a mother meet,with the patienceof Job and the wisdom of Solomon,all of the chaosof a householdof happy, scrambling kiddies. She bestows a ready kiss for the scratched elbow and the required "love pat" on the back side when the .,sin" has been too great! As to manners, these are best taught, and perhaps only, as they are constantlyobserved by the children in the good exampleof their parents. This is indeedan ageof "go out." The membersof the average American home find every excusepossibleto go out-to eat, to play, to learn, and to worship. Not that there isn't much good to be found in such community relationships, but each of thesefelt needsshould receiveits first and most satisfyingfulfillment in the warm circle of the home.

23

The American home has historically been one of our nation's greatestinstitutional strengths.In recent years we have in somecasestragically reThis is not duced its effectiveness. exclusively either a parental or a child responsibility-it is one which must be shared.If our lives are to get off to their proper start, this aspectof our AGE will have to be at its best! The School. We feel that the Place and importance of the school in developinga deep senseof moral and spiritual valuescan best be exthemselves. pressed by educators A curriculumbulletin of the Houston Public School System states, "The developmentof moral and spiritual valuesis one of the basic objectivesof public education; in fact, the first objectivelisted in the 'Children's Charter' issued bY the pro1930 White House Conference and spiritual poses'For every child him to stand moral training to help firm under the pressureof life."'

.l

"Whatsoeuerthou sowest, that shall ye also reap."

Galatians

The Educational Policies Commissionof the National Education Association of the united states has prepared a booklet entitled Moral and Spiritual Valuesin the Public Schools,in which is stated: "A GREAT and continuing purposeof educationhas been the development of moral and spiritual values.To fulfill this purpose, society calls upon all its institutions.special claims are made on the home and school because of the central role of thesetwo institutions in the nurture of the young . . . . The schoolshave acceptedthese responsibilities.The men and women who teach in these schools, as responsiblemembers of society, share its systemof values. As educators,they are engagedin a vocation that gives a central place to values as guidesto conduct. "No society can survive without a moral order. A system of moral and spiritual values is indispensable to group living . . . . The development of moral and spiritual values is basic to all other education objectives." This, then, is the role of the school in the generalarea of moral and spiritual values which make up your AGE preparation for your approaching launchhour. It is importantto note that our educators feel a deep sense of the team conceptin achieving this objective. This idea is expressed in the Educational Policies committee's statement,"The teaching of moral and spiritualvaluesin the public schools of the United Statesmust be done without endangeringreligious freedom and without circumventing the policy of separation of church and state.our societyleavesto the home and the church the responsibility for instructiondesigned to securethe acceptance of a religiousfaith. Thus, the home, the church, and the schooleach sharein moral and spiritual development, while each may make the contribution to that development for which it is peculiarty fitted."
Burning of the Books-Nazi Germa

The Church and Synagogue. So many are the implications of the functions of organizedreligion in American life that the natural inclination is to go into extensivedetail. However, such an approachis not in with our purposeshere. We are concernedin this text only consonance is one of the instituyou that the church or synagogue understand that your society and that it to contribution significant tions making a provide you launch platform for with a solid partnership, to in a serves, life. You undoubtedly recognize the familiar quotation from the Biblical Psalmsshown on page 27. Perhapsit best declaresthe unique contribuseems religion.The primary implicationof the passage tion of organized to be that you, as God's own child, find the sourceof all your strengths the most with God. This psalmembodies relationship in a very personal living-that in a personalrelationshipwith God, basic key to successful religion man can find himself.This is the one contributionof organized is know to whom God, know provide-to help man that it alone can facets of this many indeed, There are, to love, and to love is to serve. spiritually oriented function, but this we believe to be its chief contribution.

.l

our Founding Fathers recognizedthe two essentialphilosophicalrealities upon which all elsemust rest: (1) God is our Father, and (2) we bear to Him and are, therefore, His createdchildren and consequently each other a mutual, family responsibility. Organized religion, then, exists primarily to give continuing impetus to this relationship. If the spiritual institution will concernitself chiefly with this extremely significant function, it most certainly will produce as a natural byproduct a stalwart base for the developmentof moral and spiritual values which will eventuatein the continuanceof a great nation, UNDER GOD. Two imperativesexist in relationshipto what has just been said. In the must continue to recognizethis first instance,the church or synagogue singularity of its function. With all its many additional contributions, it must keep ever before itself this divine imperative of the establishment of this deeplypersonalrelationshipbetweenyou and your God. Secondly, 26

etadeth *, in fhe Tiaths of ri

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usness

Yeat,th,ough I ir6lk through tha ij;allevof f iar or thouart with me;

,iearh, :HZfty.doufof shall qowuil;

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of my Iife; i'All. dwellin the.hou fua l"phall FJieaeW....,;

mVcupouerfloweth. ffifl Surelygoo dncss and. ercyshffii,full .m thedays

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you will want to constantly keep active your formal religious relationships. In the matter of the home and the school you will, by the very nature of theseinstitutions,be kept in continuing connectionwith them. The church or synagogue, however,with all its importance,is an institution which must dependlargely on your own initiative to maintain contact. It will publicize its activities, and certainly quite forcefully, but in the ultimate analysisyour actual participation will result from a matter of your own choice. Recognizethis responsibility, and act upon it, to your growth. It is an all-important aspectof your national heritage and strength. Other Social Institutions. There are, of course,many other American social institutions which, in one way or another, contribute to the development of your sense of moral of your characterand the deepening project. This we will not values.To list them would be a substantial attempt in this text, nor will we make any effort to discussthem. Among them would certainlystand out such organizations as the Boy and Girl Scouts of America,PoliceAthletic League,the many religious-sponsored youth organizations,etc. Of course, our own Civil Air Patrol with its cadet program would take its rightful place among such institutions.

Each of these efforts is to be commendedfor its chosen objective of assistingin providing you with, among other things, a better appreciation of this vastly important launch complex of AGE in preparation for that exciting moment of actual blastoff into your orbit of service. The content of the following chaptersof this study is of utmost importance to your eventually arriving on target. However, you will want to fully appreciatethat without this AGE, the spacecraftof your life will to read and reread be of little or no real value. You are encouraged this part of our study, becauseopportunity lost here meanseverything. Someimeswe don't realize what priceless treasureswe have for the taking until too late. A tale told by Dr. L. H. Adolfson of the Univerpoints up this fact quite well. It seems that "one night sity of Wisconsin in ancienttimes.three horsemen were riding acrossthe desert.As thev 28

crossedthe dry bed of the river, out of the darknessa voice called, 'Halt!' They obeyed.The voice then told them to dismount, pick up a handful of pebbles,put the pebblesin their pockets,and remount. Then the voice said, 'You have done as I commanded.Tomorrow at sunup you will be both glad and sorry.'Mystified, the horsemenrode on. when the sun rose, they reachedinto their pockets and found that a miracle had happened. The pebbleshad beentransformedinto diamonds,rubies, and other precious stones! They rememberedthe warning. They were both glad and sorry-glad they had taken some and ,orry1h"y had not takenmore...." so it will be with you if, now, in this preparatory phaseyou do not give every possible attention to all the necessary items of basic equipment which go into your life'sAGE.

lfrtit

IN lsa

'^**!
Drives ofOur Basic Some ilJ

PRIMARYSTAGE 6
PROPUtSl0l{ I(
We hear a lot about the ICBM these days. Have you ever heard of the IPBM? As a matter of fact, you have heard almost as much about the latter as the former, but probably it wasn't expressed in just that way. You see, IPBM is a slangexpression used by our missile experts down at Cape Kennedy to describe one of their launch failures. The letters stand for inter-pad ballistic missile-one that just barely getsoff its launchingpad! Well, you certainlydon't want a similar terminologyassigned to you. This spacerocket of yours just has to "go-man-go!"The only way you will ever make it off the pad is to have all the necessary thrust to do the job. This comesfrom your propulsionsystem, and in your caseyou are a two-stagevehicle. This chapterwill deal with thoseingredients of characterand personalitythat will give you your primary push toward your missionobjective.You must have sufficient power driving through the enginesof your life to gain escape velocity. The secondstagepropulsion or sustainer enginecan keep you moving on into the orbit of life. This first propulsion unit is called, in aerospace terminology, the

31

boosterstage.we will spendthe balanceof this chapter giving attention to a countdowncheckoutof thosepropulsion ingredientswhich will give blastoff capability. you successful
In order for you to more easily follow the development of thought presented in this aspect of our study, we will briefly outline those areas which will be covered,showinga bit of the thinking which led to this synthesis:

I
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1. The first driving force of which we becomeaware in our maturin life is an insatiablethirst for knowledgeand a desire ing processes something' to be and to do will 2. Following this hunger for knowledgeand accomplishment accomand known be what can of a vision of come the development plished. A driving force will enter our lives which will cause us to ithink big',-to look at self and all that surroundsus and develop challengelife offers us, with all its an ability to see the tremendous exciting possibilities. :. *fren we combinethis inborn thirst for truth and accomplishment of all thereis that can be learnedand appreciation with that exhilarating throughthis vast reservoirof opporsift used,we will naturallybeginto and systemof values' our own goals tunity, developing insure that theselife objectives to that, 4. We will then understand work at the job' We will really are someday rcalized,we will have to if we don't are useless world come to know that the best goalsin the "sweat" to achievethem' put out old-fashioned that throughouteachof thesepro5. Finally, we needto understand in the vehicleof our life is the most important one; pulsion ingredients of duty to the God who of our sense awareness namely,that continuous made us, to our fellow men who sharethis common spiritual heritage, and. of course,to ourselves. Thirst for Knowledgeand Accornplishment'One of your unique glories for knowledge, about as man is that unquenchablethirst you possess which took place an event in all things. This has been so well expressed The classhad University. Air the during i recent instructional period at which will problems many the just b--een rather completely briefed on into deep man launch Lave to be overcomebefore we can successfully and outer sPace' 32

"rHE .NQU|RY OF TRUTH. .. THEKNO

OF TRUTH. .. THE BELIEF OF T R UTH ...IS THE SOVE, GOOD OF HUMAN NA
F. BA

,(

The van Allen belts with their dense layers of lethal high intensity radiation were discussed. The menaceof ultra-high-velocity meteorites was given consideration. The blinding light of the sun in the vacuum of spacewas studied.The fantasticcold in shadowareaswas covered. we studied the many and perplexingproblems associated with the condition of weightlessness in spacetravel. It was shown, as an example, that a man could drown in the weightless water of a cup from which he might try to drink. we talkedof the G forceswhich *ould be brought to bear on man'sbody in the blastoffacceleration process. The problem of having sufficientthrust to escape the earth'sgravitational puil, while at the sametime keepingthat power under control so as not to be cast out into an eternalgalacticorbit, came into focus. All thesewere presentedas n'oblems facing us in our struggleto achievespaceflight capability.Then the questionwas raised,"If thesemany giganticbarriers face us, why must we continueto try to reach the r""irtr of our galacticsystem?" The instructoranswered this legitimatequestionmost adequately, when he quoted sir Edmond Hillary's famoui reply as to why he felL he h;rd to climb Mount Everest,by saying, ,.Bicauseit is there!"

There is that spark of the Infinite in us that drives us to seek the answerto life, with all it offers. We might well ask the above question. Though there are many reasons why such knowledge might prove useful to us, in the final analysiswe don't initially seek this truth We seek to know all things, first of all, simply for useful purposes. "because they are there!" This is that propulsiveforce which proves us to be God's greatestform of creation.We, of all createdbeings, spirit of the pioneer.We must know! of the adventuring are possessed

"St. Michoel and the Dragon"

Albrecht Diirer

The point for immediate concern is that we not suppress this spark of the divine. we must never reach that point where we become satisfied with what we know. Use our gained knowledge, yes. But grant that we may be, in the finest sense,a student of all the good things of life, to the moment of our last breath on earth. So many fail right here at the crucial point of development. They remind us of the followine event. one day a touring educator visited the expanding campus of a large western university. one of the deans accompanied him. He watched construction work on half a dozen new buildings, inspected new laboratories, and attended classesin modern study rooms; he walked across miles of tree-lined lawns and athletic fields. He was impressed. .,My!,' he exclaimed. "Just about how many students do you have here?" "Let me see," the dean answered thoughtfully. ,,I'd say about one in a hundred." Some have feared that faith and long-held concepts might be endangered by the discovery of new knowledge. This is a false fear. Truth is truth in any place, under all circumstances. only truth will stand comparison with all facts. If it is truth we now have, newly discovered facts will only support it. If it is not, then by our continued seeking we serve God, man, and self in discoverv. Inseparable from this thirst for knowledge and truth is man's deeply felt drive to accomplish-to take the knowledge which he seeks and do something with it. This was penetratingly expressed in an event which was observed in one of our state institutions for the feebleminded. Here were gathered, under kindly, sympathetic care, people of that state whose minds were so damaged or undeveloped that they were not able to care for themselves in normal life. In spite of this low-mentality level, it was found that most of these patients had a consuming urge to do something they could consider useful. Even they were driven by a tremendous inner force which would allow them to be content only if their energies were given an outlet in

35

'rwait said the fly do not eat me i serve a great purpose in the world i scurry around gutters and sewers and garbage cans said the fly and gather up the germs of typhold influenza and pneunonia on my feet and wings then i carry these germs into the households of men and give them diseas es all the people who have lived the right sort of life rec over from the diseases and those who have weakened their systems with liquor and iniquity succumb it is ury mission to help rid the world of these wiclred persons i am a vessel of righteousness seeds scattering of justice and serving the noSlest uses. rf )c:: llarquis...193O '"li-= L-ves and Times : i .r-::h-v ard Mehitabel

S i ncc thc thcraa c c o rn pl i shrnent. pists hacl cle:tcrrninccl that this parti c u l a r !i rol i p l vrs i ncupabl e of c a rry i ng out Li rc si nrpl csto1' real l y u s c l ' u ltasks,thcy'rvcrc gi vcn u l argc e x e rc i sc hal l u' i th a w oodcn l l oor. Ilach rcsiclcnt wls pnrviclccl ivith lu block of u'oocl unruncl which hlcl b c c n ta ckccl l pi ccc of soi ' t ci otl r. ' l o th i s l nrop-l i kc l runcl l crvus al ' l i x c c l .Thcn. by l proccsso1'pl ti cnt schooling.thcsc pcoplc lvere,shown th a t b y cutrsi ngthci r crucl cl ynri rdc l o o l to bc pusi rcrlucross thc l l oor th c v c otrl cl kccp thc sLrri ' l ceshi ny l rn rl b r i ght.' l -hcy' cl gcrl v \\' cnt to l l ti s ro o nr cvcrv spl l c ntontcnt ol ' th c c l l f i tncl cngrtgccl i n 1n cncl l css prrshi n!, brrck ri l rnd l orth, l )r' ()c css b l c k l n tl 1111' { h-1chi L' vi rvhl ng t tcl l h c ttt u ' l s u sati sfuctoryunsw cr to th i s d riv' c u c al l posscss to cl o s o rrrr-:thi ng u' i 1h l i fc. Thank C l ocl . I not confi ncclto thi s a n d urc vou un al ca ol Lrscl ul ncss. W hut s n .rl rl l w e n rc a n to cnrphusi zc by thi s pi ti I' u l s c cnc i s that evcry nrun. rvi tl r th c s l i ghtcst spar.k ol ' i ntel l i gcncc, p o s s c sscs fol cc. thi s trcnrcndous The next important thing for us. th e n , i s not to sti fl e i t. [t i s one of thosc clualiticswhich sets us apart in all crcation-to makc lcss than ma x i mum usc of i t i s thc sl rccrcst idiocy. Whcthcr or not wc will continuc to fincl new arcasof endeavoror bcttcr ways of gctting oid requirernents accomplishecl is somethins clsc again.

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This can only be determinedafter we have exercisedthis first drive. we will never discoverthe limits of our knowredge and ability (if indeeo any exist) until we have given in to the drive to know and do. Somewould have us limit this inner force to gain knowledge and to seek accomplishment by simply being content with what we kriow and have. If suchan attitude on life were accepted by mankind, it wourd only cause stagnationof the whole human race. Development of Vision-Total Awareness. Once you recognize and give completely over to the urge to know and do you will find your transitionto the next step a simpleand natural one. r-ogically, you will eagerly seek out all that is available to know and do' You will want to exprore a[ known and suspected areas for the acquiring of knowledge and ability. you wilr, as a wayfarer searching f91-wa-tgrin a dry land, seeklearningexperiences in books,p.opi", unO all legitimate life situations-constantly acquiring a growing knowledge of what life offers in opportunitiesfor lncreasedtno*teoge and accomplishment. Each new day will be met with excitementb-ecause, to the inquiring mind, every suchday will bring new and intensely meaningful experiences in learning. This will lead to vision-the ,;big picture,, will gradually develop.you will discoveran awareness of what is available.to you, and you will at the same time develop, by this pro""rr, an increasingcomprehension of your own potential in usin! these opportunities.

Here is a crucial point in determining your future development. Now-early in your growth to maturity, think BIG! Use this adventurous spirit to learr,rall you can about everything! You will be successfulin achieving your maximum capability only if you spend these years hungrily devouring all possible knowledge of good things, so that when the time comes for you to begin concentrating on your specific mission in life, you will have made your choice from a vast reservoir of discovered possibilities. If you don't develop a breadth of vision of what life offers, you can very well end life some day having fallen far short of your true potential. At this second stage in the development of your primary drives, you must not allow yourself to become too fixed at any one point. If you do, the natural tendency will be to stop searching out the bigness of life's opportunities, and you will fall prey to a trap illustrated in an experience that took place among a carful of young college students one summer day. They were on a trip through the Pacific Northwest. The general conversation being made at the moment was in reference to various vistas of natural beauty observed in the surrounding countryside; i.e., this beautiful mountain peak, that shimmering waterfall, the doe and her fawn in the forest glade, etc. All at once one of the young men seated beside the driver pointed, seemingly somewhere ahead of them, and said excitedly, "Look! Look there! Boy, look at them, would you!" The rest, not seeing anything of particular note in that direction, asked, "Where? What?" "Right there," he said exasperatedly."Right where I'm pointing!"

"The lowest man on any totem pole usually possesses the biggest load and the smallest thoughts."

They looked and looked and still saw nothing of particular beauty or importance. Well, after considerable questioning and answering back and forth, the others found that our bright, young lad in the front seat had not been concerned with the "big picture" at all. They were traveling through swarms of small gnats, and what had been focusing all his attention were these gnats piling up on the windshieldl His focus of attention barely reached beyond the point of his nose. while others were thrilling to the glories of nature at large, he had narrowed his view to a few inches of glass directly in front of him. Don't duplicate his experience. There will be plenty of time for specializationwhen you have first learned as much as possible about the total challenge of life's scene. There is a point, of course,at which you must begin to crystallizeyour knowledgeinto some semblanceof purpose. To go on cndlessly seeking knowledge without beginning to shape it into a definite directional pattern is an even greater folly than stopping too soon. In a rather negative way Thomas Carlyle makes this point by saying, "A man without a purpose is soon down to zero. Bettcr to have a bad purpose than no purpose at all." Another has expressedthis in il more graphic way in the statement, "A good archcr is not known by his arrows but by his aim." Using this mediunt of expression, thcn, we may very well say that life's successful hunter must certainly have a full quiver of arrows of knowledge, but unless he concentratesupon a worthy target his arrows are worthless. Therc are a good many owners of collegc degrees to be found on skid rows in the slum areasof our large cities. They answeredthc first of our drives and possessmuch knowlcdge. Thc tragedy lies largely in thc fact that they never rcally translatcd that knowledge into a driving purpose. You will want to continue throughout life's journey seeking new facts and understanding,but the cventual establishmentof good, solid goals is extren-rcly essentialto gcnuinely effective living.

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In company with the formulation of goals and objectives, the rocket of your life will be given further thrust by means of a firm system of values. For a more complete appreciation of this aid to effective living, you are referred to much that was included in the preceding chapter. Additional assistancewill be found in an ensuing chapter dealing with your guidance system. The process of forming both goals and a virile system of values will be made easier by your taking full advantage of those national institutions-the home and family, the school, the church, g1g.-1sfe11sd to previously. It is not weakness to seek help in your preparation for the good life. This is one of the joys of our American heritage. Although there are some weaknesses in all of our national institutions for growth, they are each basically established to furnish not only AGE support but also thrust itself. Every successful person will gladly assent to the fact that his life, now rich with ability and productivity, is the direct result of a marriage between his own honest effort and the guidance afforded by our grear institutions. Only the fool or the man become blind with his own conceit will believe that he is truly a "self-made man." This is the rare type of whom an old philosophy professor once said, "He is a self-made man, and he worships his maker." At the risk of being misunderstood, we might say that the wellintegrated personality is like a magnificently efficient machine-the result of superior craftsmanship on the part of many workmen, each contributing his own particular skills in the manufacturing process. Initiatire. It must be most obvious to you by this time that, in order to eventually arrive at your full potential, there must always be present a

-10

full measureof plain, old-fashioned,hard work. One of the lessonsof life you have probably alreadylearned is that the achievement of almost anything of value comes only at the expenseof much effort. If -qenuine it is really worthwhile, you will htrve to work to get it. If you are built like the averageperson, this will come as a rather agonizing fact, but the sooner one learns it the better! Most of us might hope that it was otherwise-as has been said, "A man will sometimesdevote all his life to the developmentof one part of his body-the wishbone." Perhaps a real life experience will help point up the importance of effort in successfulaccomplishment.A young lad from the city went to the country for a visit with his grandparents. On all previous occasions when it was timc to eat, his grandmotherhad ii pan of nice clean water waiting for him at thc washstandout on thc back porch. This time she was busy with her meal preparationswhcn our little hero came up from the barn to wash for dinner. He had to get his own water from the pump. Well, hc was just big enough to be able to work thc pump handle, so he put thc pan under the mouth of the pump iind started to push the handle up and down as he had scen others do. He pumped and pumpcd, but no watcr ciime. About this time, grandfathcr came up to gct ready for the ntcal. He saw what was happening and stood there for ir while, wirtching. I'he littlc lad's irrm became more and more weary as he tried to punrp harder and harder to get watcr. Just when i t s eem ed he c o u l d n ' t p u mp a n o th e r stroke, the old nran steppcd beside his lit t le gr and s o n , a n d . ta k i n g a rusty, old water-fillcd can front beside t he pum p , h e p o u rc d a l i ttl e into thc top of it. Lo and behold, it wasn't more than two or three very weary strokeslater that gallons o f s par k ling, c o o l w a te r c a m e splashing into the pirn! Then the wise old man said to a boy who has ncver forgottcn it, "Son, in order to get something out of it. you must fir s t put s om eth i n gi n to i t."

Need we say a great deal more? Life and the development of excellence of character is quite like the pump-you must put something into it to get out of it what it has to offer. Thomas Edison is irllegcd to have said, when asked for his definition of genius, "It's composed of 99 percent pcrspiration and I percent inspiration." So much of the popular feeling of our day seemsto be that you make progress in direct proportion to the amount of work you can take out of life. As an illustration of this philosophy, the story is told that in some parts of Mexico hot springs and cold springs are found side by side. The women often boil their clothes in the hot springs and rinse them in the cold springs. A tourist remarked to his Mexican friend, "I guess they think Mother Nature is pretty generous."

"No, Seffor," the other replied. "There is much grumbling becauseshe supplies no soap." what we need to realize is that work has a dignity all its own. Effort alone,of course,is meaningless, but industry has long been acknowledgedas a true virtue. we sayto you who face the full challenge of life, heedthe words of Bismarck who exclaimed, "To youth I have but three words of counselWork, Work, Work." In the wordsof your modernjargon,it will .,send you," right up there toward your mission objective!It is a key fuel ingredientto give thrust to your life.

Sense of Duty. "Duty then is the sublimest word in our language. Do your duty in all things.You can not do more. you should never wish to do less."Thesewords,inscribed beneath the bust of Robert E. Lee in the Hall of Fame not only well characterize him; they set the stagefor our consideration of that one driving force which works through all the rest to give them strength. Duty has been labeleda stern taskmaster. But all great men have held it in highest esteem.Technically,duty is doing what you ought to do, when you ought to do it, as you ought to do it. In this sense it is a moral term. It fixes your responsibilities. But, to many of us, duty has a much more vibrant,personal quality.

43

A proper senseof it stems from the recognition of a deeply sublime relationshipto which we have previously alluded.This is the recognition of that relationshipwe enjoy betweenGod, others, and self, in the Family of God. Duty, when understood in this light, will presentyou with many difficult tasks in life-the most difficult, in fact. However, with all the "blood, toil, tears,and sweat"that might well be demanded of a of you because of the driving force of duty, you will be possessed warm glow of understanding that this which you ought to do is good and worthy. "I will be content,therefore,in my labor and sacrifice," you will be able to say. When you grasp duty in this proper, positive senseyou will accept in the spirit of the little urchin whose life's most demanding challenges picture Father Flanaganplaced on his Boys Town ChristmasSeals. little waif, Here was a slightly built, ragged,and bedraggled-looking pallid of complexion, who stood hollow-eyed with hungerand exposure, carryinga youngerchild not too much smallerthan himself.The story saysthat the youngerboy was crippled,and both of them were homeless.The older lad walked into Boys Town, in its early days, carrying the little fellow on his back. When askedif this wasn't a burden really far too much for him to bear, his reply was, "No, he ain't too heavyhe'smy brother!"

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This is the spirit of loving duty you will want to develop, knowing that none of its stern requirements are hardships, because God is your Father and loves you with a tender father's care, and all men are truly your brethren-only serving to complete your family circle. Duty, in this light, is like an old harness on a good team. It may have chafed a little when you first broke it in, but with years of setting yourself to work against its loads, you made its leathers soft and almost comfortable, and now you really feel most at home with its familiar weight resting upon your shoulders. The most important reason for a driving sense of duty is that you owe it to your Father God in this mutual relationship. Your God, who made you, demands that you make the best possible use of your life. He expects you to use all of your talents to the limit of your abilities. Regardlessof the demands this may place upon you, you will want to do no less because, with this concept of duty, it all makes sense and becomes a sacred privilege rather than a burdensome responsibility. These, then, comprise the primary-thrust factors in life. In the next chapter we shall deal with a few more which we call second-stage propulsion ingredients.They are really inseparablefrom those we have given attention to here, but they can be considered as part of your equipment. Some of them have been glamorized more thrust-sustaining than these we have just considered.While giving them due consideration, you are urged to keep ever in mind that they depend upon this booster or initial-thrust stage for the primary push toward your mission objective. In all it would be well to heed the word from our Holy Writ, "Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with all thy might." (Ecclesiastes 9 :10. )

45

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SEGOI{DARY STAGE U\ PR(|PUTSI(II{ X 14

Some of Our i Sustaining Drives i $
"To establish a vehicle in a satellite orbit around the Earth, it is generally necessary to have two phasesof powered flight The first powered phaseis like that of a ballistic missile. After the vehiclecoasts to its maximum altitude (apogee), another powered phase must give the vehicle enough speed,properly directed,to keep it in orbit ." The above-stated definition by Robert W. Buchheimof the second or sustainer stage in a two-stagepropulsion space vehiclepoints out the somewhat obvious direction we shall take in this chapter. There are many qualities of character which serveto give thrust to our lives. Someprovideprimary thrust, and a few of the more important ones we have just given some consideration. Others serve to give added thrust along our journey toward service in life. These may be said to sustain our forward movement. They are extremely important to successful mission accomplishment. We shall consider only a few. Theseare (1) perseverance, (2) cour(4) optimistic age, (3) dependability, (5) charity, and (6) sinenthusiasm, cerity. 47

t:r'lllr,;' i!(,i'qq-'r . Many a life, well begun, never reaches its proper it lacks this one quality. You can have all the good fulfillment because capabiliof tremendous in the world and you can be possessed intentions job you never will of life, at the keep ties,but, if you don't everlastingly goals. achieveyour ultimate To illustrate the above point a legendarystory is recalledwhich was told in many homesand cafesof Paris during the dark days of World War IL After France had been overrun by the German armiesin the summer of 1940, the chancesof breaking the Nazi strangleholdon Europe looked slim indeed.England's"tight little isle" still stood, to be sure, but her troops had been pushedoff the Continent from the beaches of Dunkirk.
In the gloomy month that followed, this little story passed from mouth to mouth, serving to support a faint ray of hope in the hearts of Frenchmen that Hitler would somehow and at some time be defeated by those who remained yet free in England. The story relates that Hitler invited Churchill to Paris for a secret conference in the fall of 1940. Churchill came by plane and was escorted to a lovely chateau, where Hitler and Mussolini awaited hirir at atea table situated beside a lovely pool which was graced by several swimming carp. Hitler at once got down to "brass tacks." Said he, "Here's what I have to say to you, Herr Churchill! England is kaput! Kaput, you understand! She hasn't a chance. Sign this document admitting that England has lost the war, and all of Europe will have peace tomorrow." "I can't sign such a statement," replied Churchill, "because I don't agree we have lost the war."

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Churchill sipped his tea. ..In England," he said, ,,we often settle a difference of opinion rike this by mating a bet. would you care to wager with me? The loser in this casewill agreehe lost the war.,, "What's the bet?" asked the Fuehrer, rather suspiciouslv. "You see those big carp in the pool?,' asked Churchill. "Well, let's wager that the first man to catch one without usingthe usual fishing equipment will be declared winner of the war.,, "It's a bet!" snappedHitler. He whipped out his revolver and emptied it at the nearestcarp. But the water a-.1..t"0 the bullets, and the carp swam on, hardly batting a fishy eye. " I t ' s up t o y ou n o w , M u s s o !' , g ro w l e d H i tl er. "They tell me you are n good s wim m c r. In y o u g o !,' The Duce dived in, but, try as he would, the carp kept slipping through his fingcrs. At last, completery exh.usted from chasing^ .".i around the pool, he climbed out empty handed, and in g."ot iirg.rrt. "It's your turn now, Herr churchill," barked Hitler. .,Let,s see what y ou c an do! "
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Churchill calmly dipped his teaspoon into the water and tossed the water over his shoulder. Then again,and again,and again. The Axis buddieslooked on, openmouthed. "What in the world are you doing?"they shouted. "It will take a long time," replied Mr. Churchill as he kept right on dippingwater out of the pool with the spoon,"but we are going to win the warl" This corny little story aptly portrays that bulldog determinationthat has historicallycharacterized the British people.It has beentheir mainstay through many centuries of hardship,againstgreat odds. Those of us who saw the terrible carnagewrought upon theseallies during that awful conflict wonderedhow they could ever againrise to any semblance of former strength.For many yearsafter World War II it was "touch and go" with England.Her peoplewerepoorly fed, housed, and clothed. She was a mere shadow of her former glory. Today, after a heroic struggle,she has, through the samespirit of stick-to-it-ive-ness, again taken her right placeamongworld powers. If you want to achievethe position of worth of which you are capable, you will need to learn now the ability to persevere, againstall odds. Possession of this virtue can spell the differencebetweenlife and death. Korea proved this point. Some American prisoners of war refused to hold on. They crawled into cornersto die. Like the youngsterwho threw his mealy food down-he didn't like the way it smelled.In the corner he pulled his blanket over his head and told the rest of the soldiers to leave him alone. He died. He didn't starve to death. He did not have a physicaldisease. Yet he died. The young man He was not a psychotic. died because he lacked the will and the drive to hold on. He failed the bis test. Perseverance is no less a necessity in your moral and spiritual life. lt takes effort, striving, struggle,and sacrifice to say "No" to temptation and "Yes" to good. 50

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G olc l is not d u g I' ro n rth e c a rtl .r w i th o u t c onti nui ngeffort; di antondsarc nlinc d lr t a c o s t i n h u n ra nc n c ru ra n c cc ; o a l i s brought o.t of thc borvers of t hc c ar t h rv i th s w c a t a n d w e u r-i n c s ancr s sonrc di sasters.It takcs nr or c t lr an a w i s h a n d u n i n i ti a l c rf.rt to m ake varLrabl c thi nes our ow n. I t t ak c s a s us ta i n i n g a tti tu c rc w h i c h rv e n ri g ht w cl r c.i l .,keep-1t-i t-tucrc.,, I t i s s a i d o f th c S p a rtu n so f o l d that they cl i d not ask how nr any t heir cn c l n y w c rc . b u t w h e rc th c y w cre. Of course, thcre arc inr plic at ionsto th i s i rl u s tra ti o nw h i c h w i i l not bcar crosc scruti ny, but t hut c lc nr c nto l i t u ' h i c h s p c a k so f th c Spartun r.c-ri rrncc ,,pnn-1.,u." -r. L^ont ^ins u go o c ll c s s o nl ' c l ru s . c .u ra g c , b y i tscl r' . i s a shai l owthi ns. but c onr binecrl. v i th o th er c l u a l i ti c si,t tn a k e su ntan.

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You are seated on the concrete floor in the cellar of one of the fortified houses which comprise a part of the great Siegfried Line defenses. The battle has held all the horrors of which war at its worst is capable. With you are all that are left of what was once your crack, frontline infantry company. Men closer than flesh and blood have died all around you on the field of battle today, and yesterday, and the day before that. Several of those in this very room are gravely wounded' and some are dying, even now. You are here because orders came through from your commander to take cover for a while' This is not a new experience. It has repeated itself time and time again over the last several months of combat. The stark terror of real infantry combat is keenly fresh in your consciousness.That tight ball of controlled fear, which every true combat soldier learns to live with, is just now beginning to loosen up a little around the edges as you slouch back against the three feet of reinforced concrete wall' Hell, personified, is still cracking and blasting away all around you outside, as the battle continues. But in the protection of this temporary haven you are able to take the first full and relaxed breath for hours-days. You take out of your inner pocket the last letter from home and you read and reread it, hungrily devouring every shred of meaning and comfort it brings' You sit back and allow yourself to be transported for this moment to a fair land, with green trees and towering mountains. You can almost hear the splash of your favorite trout stream, as it courses its way to the sea. You feel the warmth of the friendly sun, as it plays hideand-seek with the shadows on the mountainside. Her hand is clasped in yours, as you talk over the prospects of a wonderful life together! The ball of fear is almost gone. Then, just as it has before, you hear the messenger come thundering toward you through the frantic clatter of heavy boots on the cobble streetsoutside the cellar way. The door bursts open, and before the white-faced kid from the command post can say a word of his message,you know what it will be. He has literally taken his life in his hands to bring it from topside, and no matter how he phrases it, it will end up just two words, "Move out!" The old ball instantly begins to form again. The trees and the stream and the girl fade back to that place where all fond memories dwell, and you get to your feet. You work the action on your gun. You check the round in the chamber. You adjust your bandolier of ammunition to the point of best availability, and you start toward the door. Each foot weighs a thousand pounds, at least, and the cellar might as well be filled with sticky, sucking mud, but you move-out!

52

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Courage is the word which runs through that whole incident. It's all there. You know the danger. You feel the fear. You have been given your orders. You do-move out! This is courage. And because kids in cellars and foxholes all over the world in those days moved out, the victory was ultimately won, and you are able to read this text in an atmosphere of freedom. While it is relatively simple to portray courage on the field of battle, there are lessons of courage to be viewed far from the sound of shot and shell. It is almost too easy to relate courage to the world of violence. The policeman in his struggle against crime, the scatback on the football field as he faces the thundering opposition, the fireman as he walks into the inferno of flame, the jet pilot as he challenges the sound barrier, the hunter as he stands before the charge of the lionall these are classics in the characterization of courage. But there are other areas of bravery than these; far less spectacular perhaps, but none the less filled with braverY. Physically, there are great sagas of courage to be found in much less romantic surroundings. As a child Glenn Cunningham, the great miler of another year, was burned about the legs so badly the doctor said he would never walk. He spent literally years willing, one by one, his muscles into activity. He massaged his legs hours each day to make first to even supple his horribly scarred tissues. He fought ceaselessly, moue, then to stand, then to walk, next to jog painfully for a few strides, finally 16 1un-1un as no man before him had ever run! Courage in action! Margaret Bourke white, world-famed photographer, whose pictures taken of combat in Korea were standouts among a field of gleat pictures, is numbered among the truly brave. This young woman, stricken in her prime with the dread Parkinson's disease, before which many had simply lain down to await death, is even now beginning to come once more into her own because she refused to quit. She bravely faced the struggle and terrible pain of forcing herself back to usefulness. She has had to completely re-educate her body to respond to her will.
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There is anotherrealm of courage, lessunsungthan these,which holds a noble list of courageous men and women.Theseare thosewho have proven their morar courage. Among them are the poorly paid public servants who said "No" to offers of bribes to ur" tt offices for selfishgain. Numberedamongtheseare students "i, who refused to cheat and copy in order to make higher gradesin school. Then, there are those millions of fine young men and women who said .,No,, to the offer of alcohol and narcotics when all the rest of their friends jeered them for their stand.The girl who found the courage to say ,,No,,at just the right point in her personalassociations with ttr" young man of her dreamstakes her rightful place in the Courage Hall of Fame. It is not just the ability to say "No" that earns the badgeof bravery. The young doctor named rom Dooley who said ,,yes,, to the call of the peopleof the far reaches of LaotiarrJungle-who gaveup the opportunity for the comparativecomforts of medlicalpractice ut iror*-guu" life itself that thosewho had not might be healed; joins he tt.r" nour" ranks. Doctor Dooley went back to th"r" people knowing, as only a doctor could know, that the dread black cancer was undoubtedlyst'l ravaging his body followinghis first operation. He left family and friends to give yet a few more days' service to these humble folk with a skin and a speech and a culture not his own. His was a courageyou would do well to emulate.
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Theseare days that call for courage. You are facing a worrd that will demandleadership from men and womenof courage.physical courage perhaps,but moral and spiritual certainly. Take time now to draw strength from your AGE resourcesand be ready when the testing time comes. We don't mean to say that there have not been other days which presented perhaps equally great requirementsfor courage, but these are the most significant onesfor you because they are your days.you have but one life to live; let it be at least a morally and a spiritually courageousone. The world will then be better because of you. We havehard work to do, And loads to lift; Shun not the struggle-face it; 'Tis God'sgift. -Maltbie Babcock, Be Strong Dependability. Regardless of what your favorite make of family car is, you know that very early Henry Ford built a reputationfor a car which kept running in spiteof all odds.Someold Model Ts eventuaily had almost as much bailing wire from a farmer's fence holding them togetheras they did factory nuts and bolts. Parts could keep falling off one by one, but somehow the "old girl" kept taking the family to town and back home again.In other words, whateverits shortcomings, the Ford becameknown the world over for its dependability. This is a quality much neededin any life in any period of history. It certainlyis needed today.Somepeoplelearnthe lesson the hard way, but all successful personalities must learn it sooneror later. There was a certain foreign country which in the period betweenthe two world wars flooded our American markets with everything from electrical appliancesto children's toys. You could buy one of these articles for about half of what an American-madeproduct would cost. At first our buying public rushed to the stores to purchasethese less-expensive goods. It wasn't long, however, before it became general knowledge that these items of manufacturecouldn't be counted on to function after the first 56

few uses.This particular country,s goods became known throughout our country as inferior products, not to be dependedupon. This was so true that it becamecommon speechusageto say of any manufactureditem that couldn't be counted
on, "Oh, it must be made in

SinceWorld War II this samecountry has almost completelyreversedits approachto quality manufacture. Someof the world's finest precision optical equipment,sewingmachines, and dinnerware come from its factories. Now, a knowledgeable photographerwill often prefer these products, in his areaof interest, because they havebeenfound to adhere to rigid standardsof craftsmanshipexcellence. "I heardyou bought a new 35mm camerarecently," someone will say to a friend. "Yes, I surelydid," the other will proudly reply. "It's one of those new singlelens reflexesmade
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This lessonyou and I need to learn as well. Dependability in humanlivesis of tremendous worth. It's like Mandy'sboy friend Bill. Mandy's girl friend Mazie met Mandy on the street the other day, and they stopped to chat for a while. Mazie was surprised to learn .,Why, Mandy?', she asked. Yu{V was still keepingcompanywith Bill. "Why do you keep going with that young man? He's the most homely, plain-looking man I ever saw. He isn't very bright. He can't get a really good job. He will never amountto much. His family is as poor as church mice. His clothes are always patched. He doesn't have a store-bought suit to his name.He just blushesa beet red when you try to talk to him. He's aboutthe last one in town I would pick, Mandy!,' 57

"Well, yes, much that you say is true," Mandy said in reply. "But you know I don't like to give him up, because he's so true!" She valued Bill's dependabilityfar more than many other qualities he may have lacked.Of course,we don't hold up Bill, with his lackluster personality, as a shiningexampleof what you should aspireto. However, don't sell short this rather unromantic quality of dependability.It will bring you through on target even if many other qualities are functioning inadequately. A recent experience coming out of our national space exploration attemptsis a good illustration of the importanceof this quality. As you know, we have many different kinds of propulsion systemswhich can be used in our spaceprogram. Among them are somewhich can give fantastic thrust. One would naturally think we would use thesein place of the less-potent power units we are using. There is one primary reasonwhy we don't. So far we haven't been able to dependon these propulsivegiants,when the countdowntime comes.The old Redstone booster,which is among the earlier and smaller propulsion systems, was used far beyond the time it should have been replacedby newer, more sophisticated systems. Why? Because it was called "Old Reliable" down at the Cape.When the eyesof the world are focused on the results of your efforts,you want-perhaps most of all-dependability.

If you have ever been to YellowstoneNational Park you will know that geysers, there are certainly more powerful and more spectacular but none hold the interest of one special one-Old Faithful. Dependability is of lsal yslus-make it one of your sustaining thrusts. Optimistic Flnthusiasm. A businessman was asked severalyears ago how the recession had affectedhis business. He answered, "We have no recessionin my business,but I will admit we are having the worst boom in many, many years!" This little anecdotewell illustrates the point of view toward life which oftentimes makes the difference between success and failure. It wasn't that our businessman was blinding himself to facts.It was just that his point of view was'positive!

58

T his qualit y of e n th u s i a s m o r p o s i ti v eth i n k ing has carri ed many a w ayfarer through life. right on through momentary periods of difficulty. This is the old story of the sonc .f the locomotive, laboring up the s t eepnlount ai ng ra d e . H e k e p t p u ffi n g o u t hi s message, " I thi nk I can; I t hink I c an, " u n ti l h e re a c h e dth e to p o f e ach new grade. Then as he s pc d eas ilydow n th e o th e r s i d c w c s e e m e dt o hear hi m say. " r thought I c ould; I t hou g h t I c o u l d ; t th o u s h t I c o u l d." A dv anc e pr ep a ra ti o n s .w i th fu i l a tte n ti o n to prel i mi nary procedures. ar e v er y im porta n t to s u c c e s s fub l l a s to ff,b ut y.u are sustai ned i n y.ur t hr us t t hr ough l i fe w i th . a n .ro n go th e r th i ngs. a posi ti ve spi ri t of t r pt ir r r is t ic c nt h u s i i rs n r Unr es t r ainede n th u s i u s n r c a n l c a d to c l i ffi cul ty. j ust as uncontrol l ed thr us t c an c au s e a n ri s s i l eto n ri s s i ts ta rg c t. Thi s i s w hy w e neeci a guidanc es y s t e n r fo r c o n tro l . B u t a l l th e c o ntrol i n the w oi l d w i l l be t< r n o av ail il t hc re i s n ' t a n ra x i n ru n ro f fo rc c l ul thrust for i t tr) sui de. Ener get ic .ent h u s i a s ti c p . o s i ti v e fo rc e n ru s t be prescnt i n the u.t.,i .t" ol' y our lif e or y o u w i i l b e l ..d c a d b i rd ," i ndeedl

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..IN TRUTH,

THE W ORLD IS N EIT H ER WITH US NOR AGAIN ST U S: IT IS RAW M ATERIAL IN OU R H AN D S, AND CAN BE HEAVEN O R H ELL ACCORDING TO W H AT W E AR E.''
Shoepenhaur I a4O

..TWEEDLEDUM & TWEELEDEE AGREED TO HAVE A BATTLE, FOR TWEEDLEDUM SAID TWEEDLEDEE HAD SPOILED HIS NICE NEW RATTLE.''*
Through Glas* The Iooking lewis Carrol

You would do well to carry with you through life the spirit epitomized by Robert Browning inhis Epilogue:

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One who never turned his back but marched breast forward, Never doubtedclouds would break, Never dreamed, though right were worsted,wrong would triumph, Held we lall to rise, are balfled to light better, Sleepto wake. Charity. One of the most sustainingdrives of man is charity or love. The words charity and love originally meant the samething. Now they have grown apart, and neither is properly understood.Love is usually thought of as an emotional feeling between two people. Charity, on the other hand, is normally thought of as a donation to the needy. The true meaning of love and charity is the love of God expressed in the love of man. The dictionary speaks of this virtue as "loving our fellow man for the sake of God." It is the outward expressionof that geometrictriangle dealt with earlier. Because charity is often thought of in terms of "handouts" to the "ne'er-do-well," it sometimescreatesthe wrong impression,as though it smackedof weakness and idleness.In point of fact, it is the virtue of sharing with others what God has given to us-not just things but talents,insights, vision, hope, etc. 60

Love or charity is an essential element of our daily lives; many of our own and our neighbor's needs and rights cannot be met on the straight "get-it-alone" plan. They can only be best achieved through interdependent action. The following prayer of one man we hear about reveals in its four short lines part of the expranation of why the world is topsy-turvy today and not doing too well in reaching its true potential: God bless me and my wife, My son John and his wife. Us four, No more. It is a small world, but, contrary to this gentleman's idea, there are lots of people in it besides"us four." we are outigeo to love our fellow man, including the weak and the downtrodden. The reason why we want to love our fellow man is that he is created and loved by the same God who created and loves us-in spite of our shortcomings! As we wish ourselves all good and no evil, we must wish the same for him. The essence of love of neighbor consists in wanting for him what God wants for him. For example, there is a plaque in Pennsylvania Station which reads:

Friend to Mankind WILLIAM H. EGAN Station Master Beloved by all who journeyed through this station,by all who servedits millions of patrons,devotedguardianto the lonely wayfarer, to presidents, princes, and prima donnas.The lowly and the celebrated in all walks of life were proud to know him.
He loved people.

6I

li I
". . . thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. " Judaism; Leviticus 19r 17; 1300 B.C.

hum an desir es ". and frusirations are solved only by love; unlimited, unselfish love for all cr eation." Buddhism ;The Sutr a; 600 B.c.

A few years ago the New York Telephone Company made a study of telephone conversations to find the one word most frequently used, and discovered that the word was 1. In 500 conversations 1 was used no less than 3,990 times! Sounds like a case of self-love. It probably is, because it is necessary and natural to love yourself. Proper selfJove is the love and reverence of one's self becauseone is a creaturc of God. Proper self-love is the foundation of self-respect and personal dignity. Through honest consideration of these facts you grow and become morc a complete person, not just a student, a citizen, a business executive, or a factory worker. When you realize your own worth, you begin to appreciate the value of others. The more you appreciate the value of others, the more you begin to love others as you love yourself. And that is the perfect balance God intended for the lives of all of us. The more your love for others grows, the more you express that love in the everyday relationships of life, the more almost instinctual will become your expressions of true love for all mankind.

never do to ". others what you would not like lhem to do to You." Confucianism ; 600 B.c.

wound not ". other s, do no one in. jur y by thought or deed, utter no word to pain thy fellow cr eatur es." Hinduism ; The or dinances of M anu;500 B.C.

"LoYe ye one another ." Chr istianity; I John 3r 23

'Nay, but yerily Man is r ebellious that he thinketh himself independent." M ohamm ed; lslam; 600 A.D.

by love is of a life characterized Of course,the ultimate expression pointed out in the scriptural statement,"Greater love hath no man than this, that he lay down his life for his friends." (John 15: 13') We remembera young GI who was carried into the advanceaid station in combatone day. His body was horribly hurt. Both handswere gone. Most of his thighs and upper legs were torn away. He was just barely alive. Too gravely wounded to evacuatefarther, unless something could be done here with transfusionsand emergencysurgery to give him immediatehelp. He had been in a large shell crater with some down awaitingword to attack.The enemyrolled a live grenade buddies, the hill above them and into their place of shelter' There was no time to throw it away. He quickly graspedit in both hands and held it betweenhis legs.It explodedand causedthe terrible woundswe have just described. You don't school such action into a man's mind. He actedbefore he had time to think. He instinctivelyknew that, perhaps of his love, he by this meansalone,he could savehis friends.Because gave himself. He didn't come to us screamingof his stupidity. He was calm. He hurt, so badly. He may have later died. But he was even then content that he had done what he could, when the occasion demanded.to save his friends. "Greater love hath no man than ." this It is not our intent to imply that one must make such a sacri.ficeto prove one'slove. We simply attemptto say through this tragic illustrain giving of one's self' If you can tion that love can only be expressed develop this sustainingdrive in your life there is little doubt but that your highestgoals. you will achieve unlessit pervadethe whole being, Sincerity. "sincerity is impossible, of it sapsthe very foundationof character."As intiand the pretense mated by JamesRussellLowell in this quotation, sincerityis one of of character. the cornerstones This one quality can do as much to sustainthe force of your life as any Sincerityof purpose,without other. It is certainly not self-sufficient. 64

the presenceof skills and knowledge and ability, is an empty shell. The sincerefool, possessed with inadequatetools can wreak havoc. Prepare yourself adequatelyin all areasof importance,therefore; then, perform with a deep senseof sincerity, and you will achieve as you never dreamedpossible. This matter of sincerityis deeplypersonal. It has to come from within. No one can bequeath it to you. You must seekit for yourself. This is a thrust-lending virtue that cannot be reduced to formulae or definition.It is a driving spirit working throughthe life which possesses it, and it inspiresconfidence in all who sense its presence. The homeless waif is wealthy in its possession, and emperorsare pauperswithout it. It is a real source of personal satisfactionto him who has it. As Mencius said, "There is no greater delight than to be consciousof sincerityon self-examination." Each of these secondarythrust factors is of infinite importance in reachingyour missionobjective.Don't neglectany one of them. There are others as well. Sometimes men grow so tall in certain of their abilities that they feel that they have outgrown the need for some of the more important qualities of character.They remind one of the incidentthat took place in Dottie's householdone day:
Dottie: "Mother, you know that vase you said had been handed down from generation to generation?"

Mother: "Yes, dear." Dottie: "Well, this generation has just dropped
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chapter

THE GUIDAI{CE SYSTEM

lnner Forliving Controls
Have you ever heard the story of the five wise men of Hindustan?They were all men noted for their great minds. They shared another characteristic. Each was blind. They had servedtheir people long and well and were now far advancedin age. Since their country revered more than any other living thing the white elephant, it was considereda proper gesture of national gratitude for faithful service that these five patriarchs be taken on a pilgrimageto seetheir sacred elephant. The day finally arrived. The five worthies were ushered into the royal stable where they were due to inspect, for the first time, this veneratedcreature. Since none of them had ever encountered an elephant of any description, they hardly knew what to expect.They were lined up facing the great beast, which stoodquietly in its stall. Together they steppedtoward this object of national reverence, tensely expectant. 67

One cried out, as he gropedhis way squarelyinto the side of the beast, "Behold, the elephantis like a greatwall!" Just then another graspedthe trunk and exclaimed,"Not at all! He is morelike a snake." The third correctedthem both by saying,as he graspedthe elephant's leg, "He is more like a tree." About this time the fourth madehis initial contactwith the behemoth's He is like Gentlemen! "But you are mistaken, flappingear.He shouted, jungle great leaf." a

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To completethe confusion,the last chorusedin with his contention that they were all wrong. Said he, having almostcompletelymissedthe only in graspinghis tail, "How could each of elephant,succeeding you be so wrong?Obviouslyhe is mostlike a shortrope, havinga frayed end!" At this point anotherwise man, who could see,brought order out of unity to the group by pointingout that as far as each chaosand restored

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went, each was correct. By putting their experiences together they rather well described the beast. A similar problem faces us in our study of the complete man we are attempting to comprehend in this text. It is a strong temptation at times to fasten on one phase or another of this development and say, ,,Here is the essence of true character." rn fact, each phase is an interdependent part of the whole. Each has its importance, and each must iake its place in the whole system concept in order for us to be able one day to say, "Mission accomplished!" Some would insist that our AGE beginnings were all important. others would maintain that if all the necessary thrust factors were present we would have arrived! Some might point to another element as being most significantly expressive of what we are trying to do and be. All are correct as far as they go. certainly one very important facet of our complete space system of rife is that of those elements of character that we include ln oui controls for living-our guidance system if you please-those factors which serve to keep us "on course" once we have commenced life's flight. These focus our attention in this chapter. Again, a re : (I ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) we shall by no means treat them all. Among those up for study prudence or common sense, moderation or balanced living, recognition of authority, honesty or personal integrity, senseof justice,and conviction or devotion to principle.

These will be counted as our vernier engines, exerting their directional control over our vehicle's flight path.

It is a commontendency for aerospace vehicles of all typesto experience drift and other flight path deviations. Guidan". ryri"- controls are, therefore,of extremeimportancein the achievement of missioneffectiveness. You are urged to give undividedattentionto this elementof your countdowncheckoutprocedure. 69

llZYMATIllIAS land from anantique I meta travsller ofstone legs and trunkless tw vast lTlosaid: onthesand, them, . . . Near in thedesert Stand whose frown, lies, visage a shattered sunk, Half fr", of cold command sneer lip,and wrinkled And passions read those well Tell thatitssculptor things' lifeless yetsurvive, 0nthese stamped Which fed.: that and theheart them, mocked that ,Ihehand appeat: words these onthepedestal And of l(ings: Xing is 0zymandias, r'l'My name yeMighty, anddespair!' Look onmyworks, thedecay Round remains. beside Nothing and bare, boundless wreck, r 0t thatcolossal :rThe faraway. stretch level sands and lone S h e l l e Y' .' 1 8 1 7

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*

The Boldest Farmer Hecds the Cautious Rule: To stand Behind the Bull, Before the Mule. Guiterman. Poet's Proverbs -A.

70

This pithy bit of wise advice is used to introduce this point becauseit "lays the ax right at the root" of the matter. prudenceis little more than the application of good common sense.This control factor in life can do much to insure eventual success in any undertaking. In this age of great technologicaland scientific progresswe often falter through the simple processof not exercisirigthis single quality. We are tempted to view the solving of problems by use of long, drawnout, and highly complex reasoningprocedures. often the best solution is discovered by the most simple unit of measurement-thatwhich makes the most sense.This has been termed "stable" thinking; you know, just good, old-fashioned "horse sense." The secretto the best use of common senseis to rememberthat prior planningis an essential. Few mistaNes will be made in life if you face eachnew opportunityor problem with carefulcalculation. It is the old matter of the ounce of prevention being far better than the pound of cure and of the stitch in time saving nine. It is said that Caesar Augustus,the great Roman emperor,often used two Greek words in both his speechand his letters. Interpreted,they taught, ,'Make haste slowly." We can't camp and lay seigebefore every obstaclethat confrontsus in life, but we will certainlyachieve our goalsmuch more effectivelyif we plan carefully for our journey. Then, when decisions face us, they becomesteppingstonesrather than stumblingblocks to success. Do not be temptedaway from the simple,common-sense approachin your progress through life. It is a priceless gem in man's treasure-trove of characterqualities.Lord Chesterfield eulogized it by saying,,,Common sense(which, in truth, is very uncommon) is the best senseI know of." Moderationor Balancedt,iving. Have you ever watchedtwo children of different size try to teeter-totter with one anotherin a park? If they have neitherhad previousexperience, it is almostpitiful to watch them strugglingaway trying to achievethe necessary balancebetweenone anotherso as to get any fun out of the contrivance. Too much or too 71

little weight on either end of the plank throws the whole operation off balance. Life is like that. It can be a happy, successfulexperience only if everything is in balance. This is a simple fact, but it seemsso hard for most of us to learn. The need for this control in life affects almost everv area of human endeavor, perhaps all. Proper eating habits are certainly the subject of much discussion today. Looking at this problem from the quantitative standpoint, it can be conservatively estimated that at least one of every five Americans weighs more than he should. Millions of our citizens are 20 percent or more above the ideal weight for their height and build. Contrary to what many would say, our best nutritional authorities claim that the only consistentcause for obesity is overeating. It is true that some gain excess weight more easily than others, but few, if any, ever become overweight without an imbalance in their habits of eatins. Some present-day authorities are saying that this immoderate consumption of food is affecting more than those who show it in increasedweight, that severeheart conditions and malfunctioning of other vital organs are occurring in slender but overindulgent persons as well. Qualitatively, we all come into focus. Many robust-looking people are suffering from serious nutritional deficiencies because, although their quantitative intake is adequate, the types of foods they eat are all out of balance. These are all problems of excessor imbalance in one way or another. They spell serious trouble for those who continue to fall heir to their pitfalls. For those of you who are within your adolescent period of growth, weight can sometimes be a very temporary problem, and, although it would well behoove you to give this matter some serious consideration, it is, at the same time, not as serious a problem as it can later become. Drinking is another area where, to say the least, moderation is the watchword. This is true of all liquid refreshment. There are, of course, 12

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not nearly the social and moral problems attachedto the poor use of so-called soft drinks, but immoderation here can become a serious nutritional, if not moral or social, problem. Many are the parents these days who receive an urgent word from the family dentist to slow up the soft drink consumptionof the child. Of course, in the consumption of alcoholic beveragesthere are more bizane, if not truly serious,implications.There are many who feel that drinking of this kind is wrong in any measure. These groups and individualsfeel that any social use of alcohol is wrong. Of course,if you come from such a background,you will want to live according to this standard. If your church or your home or your own individual consciencesays that drinking is wrong, then there is only one thing for you to do-don't drink. It is not the purpose of this text to support or deny either position. Perhaps it will suffice to state that most agree that at least from the immoderateuse of alcoholmany of the socialproblemsof men find their beginnings.In somecases, their endings-permanently! Two law enforcement officers, one a county sheriff and the other a statepatrolman for that area,statedthat they had made a 2-year survey of all law enforcementincidentsin which they had been involved. They determined that in over 90 percent of these incidents, which ranged from traffic accidentsthrough brawls to murder, the use of alcohol had enteredthe picture at somepoint. The facts are clear. Excessive drinking has made many a person unhappy with himself. It has succeeded in ruining many homes,careers, and individual lives. It just doesn't pay. To say the least, moderation is a must, and certainly few would say that alcohol makes any genuinely helpful contribution to the lives of men. Smokinghas been the subjectof much discussion in the last few years. Without entering into conflict concerning the morality involved, we can safely say that, for those who indulge, science has pretty well 74

established that ent is one of the most

how poisoned one wants to

central organic ingredihly,'it's all a matter of

areasjust

te this point you must go back precious commodity on Creation' image of the Creator, with unique
no other form of life enjoys. It so live as to reflect the highest will require that life be held in a

htion to 6nd smoking. To . Rememberyou are the tory list. You are made in the ties of great intrinsic worth that y follows that you will want to credit upon your origin. This position. in this matter of balancedlivins Keeping one's life in the proper well. The well-rounded personof life. People who get into ided in either direction. known to kill anyone.It t we as Americanshave a
been opened; scientific ve been devised. The

is certainly much more i than eating, drinking, and proportion includes work and pla ality finds time for both in the trouble include those who work. in and of itself.has essentials to good ide. Throughit new worlds made; better machi and Fords made their hard work. But too or creativeleisure,can ity. and play it is i to turn on your little driven engines thin limits. If you find up and bring yourse both

famous and served given to work, leaving inly produce a dull,

to do some self-eval

in vour control s used to bring goingtoo fast in better balance.

Aristotle teaching Alexander the Great , , , 400 BC

Recognitionof Authority. A good military man is one who, among other things, learns the value of obeying commands. that you are placedin chargeof a Reversing this picture,let us assume detail to clean the grounds. You are given a responsibility. You must is get the work done.The responsibility of what the detail accomplishes yours.You are now a man with authority.You have to act as a leader. You make decisions. You are the boss-the one in charge.The detail has a specific mission to perform, but getting it done is your responsibility. To dischargethis responsibility,you must exerciseauthority over the group. To understand what is meant by authority we must distinguish it from the term power. Authority and power do not mean the samething. A man who walks into a store and shovesa gun into the face of a proprietor, demandinghis money, has pretty convincingpower to do so. The speedingmotorist who recklesslysmashes into an unfortunate victim has possession of all kinds of power to do so. With tanks and guns, Hitler had the power to move into defenseless Czechoslovakiaand Austria in 1938. North Korea, backedby the manpowerand materiel of Red China and Soviet Russia, had the power to overrun South Korea in the early 1950's.However, neither the holdup man nor the speedingmotorist nor Hitler and North Korea with their military might possessed the authority to do what was done. Authority is defined as power, the right to act as a leader or guidefor other the right to exercise people. Authority is the right to make a decision,'as distinguished from the naked might neededto imposeone'swill on another. 76

Speaking of authority, I heard a story of a gang of small neighborhood boys. They organized a club. For a meeting place they built a shack on the back of an empty lot. One of them was discussingthe venture with his dad. The father asked, "Who's the president or head of your club?" have any, Dad," was the reply. "Well, what kind of rules do you follow?" "No rules. Only rule so far is, 'No girls allowed!'" have a secretary?" Dad asked. "No, no secretary.Heck, Dad, we want to do just as we please.We want to get away from all rules and bosses.That's why we organized our club." said Dad, stroking his chin, "I hope it works." A few days later they were discussingthe matter again. The dad asked his son how things were going. "Not so good there at first, Dad," he said. "We got to arguing about which kids should be in it. Then someone wanted to have a lock on the door, and we couldn't decide who should keep the keys. Nobody wanted to clean up the place. Gee whiz, Dad, it was pretty much of a mess until I remembered what you said. Then, after we talked that over, we elected Jimmy president. I'm the secretary, and Skinny Bates is the treasurer. Works a lot better now!" This has probably happened, in different ways, to you as a youngster. In sandlot play, where there was no coach, you would choose a captain for the team. Even in simple street games you generally picked a leader. You learned that, wherever people live, work, or play together, someone or some group must always be in charge to give guidance and direction to the group. At your home your mother and dad have the final "say of the house." It is necessary to unify the actions of all the family for the common good. At school the teachers and administrative authorities occupy a similar position.

77

{F

This "sonreoneor sorre group" being in charge is part of everydny living. You don't want to livc alonc. You scek thc companionship of othcrs. You rccognizethat lor cor.nplctc in lifc's flight of cl'fcctivencss service you must bc a part of a larger group. That, in ordcr lor the whole schcme to work out, each integral part must submit to ccrtirin controls fclr living. You rccognizc, thcrcfor-e,that wlrcrc pcoplc livc, aut hor it ym ust a l s oc x i s t. l t i s a n c c c lw h i c h ari scsout cl l ' thc very nature ot I nan. T his is r c ally th c c s s c n c e o l c l ' l c c ti v c l i v i n g . God rrradcyou thi s w ay. I3y s o c loinghc b ri n g s o rd c r o u t o f c h a o s . In thc ul ti nratcscnscH e cxi sts as our s upr c n rea u th o ri ty . u n c l fro rn H i n r i i l l truc authori ty entanatcs. Don't fight it-rest in its sccurity, irncl gladly accept its responsibilities whcn thcy becc'rme yours in I'uturc lcaclcrship. B ef or c lc av in g th i s p o i n t. i t s h o u l db c n rl d c crystal -cl car that thi s w hi ch you are being cncouragcclto accept as a control factor is that true ar - r t hor itr vv h i c hn ru s t a t a l l ti n tc s b c a p o s i ti vei nfl ucncc.A uthori tul i anis nr or t he c x s rc i s c o f n c g a ti v c n u th o ri ty i s to be abhcl rrcd.Tyrants pos s es s t lr is c y u a l i ty a n d c l c n ra n d i ts a c c e ptance. Good l cadcrs l re nl cn of genuine authority. Thcy arc ablc to excrciseit bccausc tl'rcy possess thosc positivc qurlitics whiclr inspile a following rirtl'rcrthan dernand it.

..THEHABITOF LIGHTLY AND A R BITRARILY CHANGING LAWS, WHETHER DOMESTIC OR INTERNATIONAL, IS AN E V IL.THE CITIZEN OR NA. T ION W ILL GAIN LESSBY THE CHANGE THAN HE WILL L OSEBY ACQUIRING THE H A BIT OF DISOBEDIENCE.' '
A ris t o t le . . . 4 0 0 B C

Honesty and Personal Integrity. pope, in his Esscy on Man, said,, "An honestman is the noblestwork of God." perhapsone of the most splendid eulogies ever affordeda mortal man camefrom the pen of Dr. Robert L. Kincaid. He said,'osearch as you will in his long career,and you can never find a mean,petty, or dishonest thing which Abraham Lincoln did consciously or deliberately. HonestAbe, they calledhim. A political tag, perhaps,but one which shines like a gem of indestructible luster.It epitomizes a life careerwhich shall ever stand as an example for all who would give themselves to public service.He never lied to gain an end. He never compromised a convictionto securea political advantage. with vision and wisdomhe facedrearities, recognized shortcomings' understoodweaknesses, and acceptedhuman frailties; but throughit all he neverlost sightof the honestand just determination of every problem he faced." what if each of us could lay ownership to this same commendation! what a different world we would face today. More time is spent around world conferencetables in an effort to discoverwho is telline the truth and when than for most any other reason. Modern advertising techniques have so confused us with a clevercombinationof outrightfalsehood and half-truthsthat the average consumer feelsreducedto the necessity of trying out all of the productsin order to find the one which is most qualifiedfor his use. The obvious disparity betweenwhat the average politician saysin his campaignspeechas to his intentions,if elected,and what he ends up doing after electionwould be a laughablejoke if it didn't carry such seriousimplications. Dr. Goebbels, Hitler's infamouspropaganda minister,sold most of the 80 million Germans"down-the-river"by meansof the philosophythat if you told the people a big enough lie, over a long enough piriod of time, loudly enough,the majority would eventuallybelieveit. The real tragedyis that he proved himself correct in his assumption. 79

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It becomes a temptation to say that, while all this may be true, it hasn't really affected most of us. Perhaps a good test for this might be to check on some of our common speech usages.Listen to only a few: "Do you really mean that?" "Oh, quit kidding me now." "Honest?" "Oh, come on now!" "Don't give me that line!" "I'm serious!" "Yeah?" "I'm telling you the truth!" "Give me the straight dope, boy!" When a people become so forked-tongued that they have to constantly assure or be assured about the truth of statementsmade in normal conversation, something is wrong. This is symptomatic of a weakening of our central integrity, and we had better give the matter some serious consideration. 80

This extendsfrom such sirnplc itenrs as that of admitting who left the :owel on the bathroom floor to making secret agreements to present ialse bids on governntenrcontracts. Th':rc wus . tinre in our fair lancl when a man's word was his bond. Hc would suffer any loss beforc that of his reputation for honesty. Although there are many inclivicluars in high places and row who are men of gr:catintegritv. we are plagued rvith too high lgrl a percentage of the oppositctype. You will find that rhe possession of this controlling virtue in your life rvill g. far towarcl kcepinu yor.ron turgct end cffective in achieving your gorrl:. It rvill m.ke of yor-r an anchor-hold for the livcs of many peopre o n t he s ea of li1 ' e . T h i s c o n tro l fa c to r i n y o ur gui dancesystem makes thc clrive of depcndirbilitywc t.lkecl about in the preceding 'reaningful clrapter. Remember it, to your continuing benefit.

"lH's ABovE ALL;ro rHrNE owN sEtF BE fR,rE,AND ,T MUsr FoLLow ...

' ' ' As N'GHT THE DAY, rHou cANsr Nor IHEN BE FALSE ro ANy MAN."
Shokespeare-Homlet

Sense of Justice. The most natural result of being a person of honesty integrity is that you will, therefore,in your dealingswith others, be and just. You should nurture this quality; it is an outstandingaid to good leadership. Justice recognizesthe rights of all men, the equality they have before God, and with God. It seesthe fundamental duties that other the rights they have to fulfill those duties. men have, and it recognizes in life is going to depend It sees men as individuals.Much of our success on how well we can maintain the personalpride of the individual who will follow us, who will work with us. He is not a robot or a machine. He is a man! Pride of the individual must be maintained by recognizinghis stature before God and his fellow men. It is the virtue of justice which will misuse control us best in this relationship.It will prevent the dangerous of the powers of our position of leadershipamongmen. This word justice has come to us from the ancient Romans. Like that holding a pair of people, we often representthe concept as a goddess, scaleson her lap. Justice is pictured as a goddess because she deals with principles derivedfrom a world outside and abovemen. She holds a pair of scales that the administrationof justice is concernedwith weighing to suggest man his proportionate share of rights and responsibilities. for each out justice is shown wielding a sword. It At times, the figure representing punish who disregardsthe balance among the man the is her duty to the rules of law and order in violates and thus rights of individuals goddess are usually representedas the the eyes of society. Moreover, practice of justice must be that the blindfolded. This is to show nor wealth in personal influence to impartial, that it must look neither the distribution of rights and obligations. In further support of the absolute necessityfor equality of justice, we quote fuom The Pulpit an interestingcommentalluding to an episode from the reigrrof King Edward VIII of England: 82

"Shortly before the eueen Marv sailedon her maiden voyage,young King Edward VIII was taken on a visit through the Glasgow slums and a tour of inspection of the sreat ocean liner. Standing there on that magnificent ship he turned to some_ one and asked, 'How do you reconcile a world that has produced this mighty ship with the slums we have just visited?' "King Edward VIII and the prophet Amos were pretty far removed from each other. But what King Edward saw in the beginningof 1936,Amos. the shepherd of Tekoa, saw in the eighth century before Christ. Their sense of justice springs from the same root-a belief in the justice and mercy of God toward mankind everywhere. The question of a mod_ ern king, 'How do you reconcile a world that has produced this mighty ship with the slums we have jusi visited?'is in essence the cry of the shepherdof Tekoa, ,Let justice flow down like a river and righteousness as the wavesof the sea.,', It was the recognition of the uni_ versality of this great control in tife that prompted Wendell Willkie to plead for national consciousnessof the "One World', concept. It is this factor which carried Mr. Tru_ man's Point Four program emis_ saries to the undeveloped areas of

the world. It is this great national principle whicir brought us all to tearswhen we were forced to standby and watch the slaughterof the in the Hungarianblood bath. It was this sameconsciousness innocents which causedus to establishFreedom Villages all along the escape routes out of that country to care for and give hopc to its thousands of refugees. Ours is a greatheritageof justice.Not that we have in every instance but that we have,sinceour very beginning, beenperfectin this respect, virtue' largelycontrolledour actionsby this great,all-encompassing Conviction and l)evotionto Prirtciplc. At first it may seemthat this and personal is a duplicationof honesty element system of your guidance integrity.There is a distinctdifference. possibleto be an honestmoron. In fact, it is almost It is academically person for of very low intelligence to be other than an impossible a individual of transparentintegrity. Not that this makes this quality any less important for you, but the above analysishas been made to or a devotionto principleis quite another showthat to haveconvictions matter. Honesty can almost exist in a void; devotion to principle will come only at the expenseof great effort and no small personal will at times causeyou to of firm convictions sacrifice. The maintenance This is not a world by your contemporaries. be, at best,misunderstood firm convictions, with an equally best characterizedas possessing positiveadherence to them in spiteof forceful opposition. Develop a voracious appetite for knowledge and accomplishment. Developsomegood goalsleadingto a centralpurposein life. Above all, have the courage of your convictions and remain ever devoted to principle. This is the soul of life. Fidelity to principle servesat once as both a drive and a control in life. Of what genuinevalue is it to learn and be convincedof the validity of a certain body of truth only to forfeit this concept when the pressure is on? We used the eulogy of Abraham Lincoln in our point on honesty.Actually, the most basiclessontaught 84

ffnunt
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I hou \ hrlt ltrvc no other gocis bclorr nrc. Ihou shrlt Dot lnrkc unti rhcc rry grrvctr rnllrc. or ln\ likcncss o1 rnr tlting that is in lrcttcn irbo\c. ot thrt is in tltc ciutlt bcnerth. or thirt i\ jn tltc wrtcr unri.l lltf crrtlt. Thou shalt not bo$ dorvn tlr)\cll to titcut. nr)r scl\.lhent: tor I lhe Lorti thr Goci rtrr a .:rl,rrr. t, ,.1. ri,irinl rlt. ini.,r. . . h; r:rtlrerr upon lll. chilcircn Lrnto tltt tltirLl rrnd lburtlr !enertll()lt of tllcnt tltrt hrla ntr: An(l shc\\'in{ llri(\ unto llt(j(i\lll(l\ of thcln . lJrirl 1(lvr ttc. lILl L.,clr nt\ ((|IlIrrndntents. lllou slttLll n(it t.l. th( |rrntr LrJ lhc Lord tlrr (iorl in viriil: lrrr Ilrc t_orrl *ill nor hojcl hirI .,,. lr rt r -. . l r, n rrrr. r'r , irr. ". Ilrrrrrlrbcr tlre srrbhatlt (lr\. t1r k.0l) it hol\ Sir tlrrls 'lrLlt tlroLr lahorrr. rrntl do rll tlir ( "r llLrt llrr srrtrrit rlly is tlrr:trhlrrrth ol thc I r)l(l lll\ ('(j(l: I it tlrr,Lrshlrlt I(rl cl\)rnvwofl. lltt)u. |(rr llt\ so|. itor llr! clirtrllrtcr. th),ntrn\rr'\.rJrl. , ror llrr rtr.LiLi., r r.lnt. nor th!. ctLlllc. r)(,i lh\ :ltiLrt|rl 1lr. L i, ritlt I tltv girLcs: I rrr irr sir Ll,Lrs tlr.. l,,r,l nt.Lil,. rrcr\cr ilt)(l filllir llla re,L. ;LnLl tLll lli,1 iJt lllrnt is. ;L,lLl iaslc(l tlrt \c\'cnllt (i t\: Hon{)ur llt\ llllltet iLn(Jtll\ nlolller: lllLt llt\ .lr.. :l r ' r-ril.rrr.l,,sr''r'1,.., tr I.r. thr (iorl rivcrh thcc. 'I Jr0u \lIrll not kill. Ihr)lr sllrll ltol c()t)lu)il L(irril,.r\ 'l hou sllrlt rrol slcirl. 'l ltotr slrell nol belrr llrlsu nitncss irL,rrrst rlr r', i'lrlr'trr 'l ltrrtr rlLrit il(r1 (o\fl tltY nri{ltltour's housc. lllou shiLll nol covcl thy ncilhboUf's rvilc. n0r llrs ltrrn\ft\iln1. ttrrr ltis It r'rjstr.r-tn1, n(rf ltis ()\, !l()f hl\ lis\. n{\t iln\ Ihin! lhrl is th), nriglthlrr's\Jl. I

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Blesr..r rc th,1 ulrr.r, J,, lrun:'cr .,.tcl thi.: ^ .lllir ftrr'l..,usn.\.: 1,,. tlr.r .ir.rll l. r llctl. Blssscrl rrrc thc nrcrcilirT: f,,r th.t t,,r', ,,U tllin nlerc\. Blesserj ltrc thc pufc i', lrriirt rec Corl. Blrsrril rtrc thc perccnt lir' irLll l,c crllctl tlrc clrilcircn of ( i,r,l Blcs'rrl rrrc thcv tvhiclr i rf l).r\..rtcrl lijj flghtc()ir'nf\s' sake: for tlrrir's is tltr. kinr,rl0rI 'r r l'' ',l Blcsscrl rrre vc. wh.'r rlrrr :lrrrll rr.rrlr roLr rtnrlpir.r'e,rt.\,\r. r,. r ll r,llrrrr ,r rril againrt voir lr l.elr. l,'r 11,r-r.,t" I{rjoicc. rnrl lrr t.rcrrrlirtr ll,r(l ttir lr,-, I \ \()UT fc\{lll(l ilt Jlfl\elt: Jor r,, |r,r rrt.rLltLj ilrr'\ tllc l]r{)t)lrel. Nlrirlr u..rr' b, l,,rt r0rr

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thcrc was conce rncc'l with this nrirtter ol' taitht'ul aclhcrencc tcr principlc. Hc rvlts honcst, Ycs, t i l l t p r r t 'h r r t , 'l i n l i r r i t el y n 'r c l t t e gltrccl tcl those tancc. hc stuyccl principlcs of intcgrity trnclcr lll k i n t l s o l ' p r c s s t l r c l l o r r t I 'r i c n c l lrncl 1oc alikc.

Y o u d o t h i s a n t l v o t t c i t n 't h c l p l r t r t t e r r e l t Y , , t t t l i l e 's l t t i s s i t r t t objcctivc I

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r.

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If you develop an efficient guidance system in combination with the possession of those thrust factors spoken of earlier, you will be unbeatable. You will take your place amongthat group ihat the Man of Nazarethsaid would own the world. you may rememberthat he said, "Blessed are the meek,for they shallinherit the earth." (Mathew 5: 5.) well, we are told that the word rendered, meek in English is the same word used in the ancient Septuagintversion of the old Testamentto describethe lions in the story of "Daniel in the Lions' Den.,' The Greek professorwho explainedthis pointed out that the lions, who were controlledby God so as to be quiet in the presence of Daniel, still possessed all of the power typical of this greaf beastof the wilds. The only difference here was that the power was under control. This should be your goal. Develop tremendousthrust, but instead of allowing it to be released without further concern,provide it with a firm systemof controlsso that it may result in your airiving one day squarely on target!

.,AIIARMY (lT PRINCIPTES WILL PENETRATE (}F WHERE AN ARMY S ()TD IE C RA Y N N OT.' ' P ai ne...1770

87

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"Ot.rrr6

fQ[liilGlTr^\Fri il L9LIL,i]U LJ IULIT U

The Whole Man Equipped ToSerye God, Mankind,

And Country

"Careful! Easy now - V-E-R-Y E-A-S-Y. Just a little farther to the right. That's it. Now, lower it about an inch, and let me take a look. Watch it. man! Do you think you,re handling railroad ties? Now-down just a breath. There! She,s seated!Nice eo_ ing, Bob!" The man in the spotl-ess white duck launch-pad suit leansagainst the gantry railing, out over more than 100 feet of empty space and, with a big sigh of relief, wipes the nervous perspiration from under his hard-hat. "Man, am I glad that's over!,' we hear him exclaim. "I always sweat blood until that nose cone is properly posi_ tioned. The rest of this ,bird, is just a big, fat, expensiveskyrocket without that 'babe'perched on top!,' As important as the matters of our AGE, primary and secondary drives, 89 I j il lll,

and guidance system are, they all must bend a knee to the heart of the whole system-the payload. Because of the vital importance of these matters, we may have sounded as though our descriptive language was given birth in Hollywood, where the ordinary is spoken of as being at least colossal. However, in the language of the times, Hollywood notwithstanding, here is indeed the "greatest" and the "most"! It won't actually require much comment, but it is, without question, the pivotal point of our entire life's space vehicle system. The system payload, we express as your completely integrated personality, all developed and ready to perform your mission of helpful service in life's orbit of influence. Drawing from your AGE support, your qualities of thrust and control, and those drag-reducing characteristics of your nose cone (to be covered shortly), you come to completeness of mission capability with a well-rounded, well-equipped character. Upon close examination you will discover that you have arrived at this state of mission readinessin four principal areas of preparedness. They are the same growth areas used in relation to the Man of Galilee in a gospel account. It reads, "And Jesus increased in wisdom and in stature, and in favor with God and man." (Luke 2: 52.) Here are expressed the four growth dimensions essential to the complete development of any individual. Without full capability in each of them the result will be an unbalanced, incomplete character and personality. Your eventual mission effectiveness will then be materially reduced.

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Fr or n t he abov e Sc n p tu ra l re fe re n c ci t i s obvi ous that yor"rrclevelop:r c nt s houk l oc c u l i n th e l o l l o rv i n ga rc l s : ( I ) nt ent al . ( 2 ) phy s ic a l , ( 3) s pilit ua l , i rn c l ( 4 ) s oc ial.

ll bunttrcs appan'nl uprt'Lt,ht,rt,tltut rltis gt,ttentritttt. lachs !hc strcn.grhctrt4 fln.u, rr'ltit'h.artablrclprL,t,irus gcn.cralirtts t. tr,irt., i.n puitrfttl sl.rzgglt, atul'ol. greal sat_ rilica, titt'ytlitittrl urtd inclit,iduul frctclont of Man. A. Iiirtstci:tt... t:l.lr;

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You can seethat it has been the central purpose of this text to provide you with at least some growth stimulus in each of these categories.If you will, in these formative years of your life (your countdown, if you please), give yourself completely to the best possible equipping in this fourfold emphasis,your efforts will result in a completely capable character, ready to perform as required.Remember the story of the wise men of Hindustan,and bear in mind alwaysthat completely meansjust what it says. to achievereadiness You are not expected status all alone.Learn to dependupon all availableresources in theseformative,countdownyears.Experience,and the learning that comes from it, is no good unlessit is usedand shared. You are never imposing upon others when you seek to learn from their experience. An important point is to seek your assistance from those whose lives can be truly helpful. Choosecarefullybeforeyou allow your future to be influencedby another. Offer help to others in areas where you have grown. This is one of the best techniques for the achievement of maturity. [n fact, this is one of the true well-springs of growth. If I take a $10 bill from my wallet and give it to you, it is no longer mine, but yours. If I, who have $10 in my wallet, keep it there, it will continue to be mine as long as I do so. But, if I take a portion of my wealthof acquired character traits and share them with you, I do!'t lose them in the giving. They actually draw interest for me by

my having shared them with you. If, however, I try to hoard these qualities, refusing to share them in the everyday relationships of life, I will one day wake up to the fact they have disappeared in the process! If we may accommodate a Scriptural reference by using it in a more general sense,we say, "He that would gain his life must give it, and he that would lose his life in service will find it." Herein, then, is one of the great secrets of life, that you gain in giving and lose in hoarding. Remember this lesson always; it is very important. Content yourself only after having accumulated a combination of all these qualities of strong character and moral worth. You will then become the sought after payload comprising this vehicle of life.

long now

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wont be long till

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hy kroach
ves anil lihes & Mehitabeli Marquis; 1930

***rl
THE PAYTOAD tl{ACTtol{
The success or failureof any missionin spacedependsupon the proper functioning of the payloadafter it hasbeen put in orbit. Your success in life will your dependupon how well you achieve goals after you leave home (BLAST OFF) to strike out on your own. Once you beginto make your own decisions, and if you shouldfind that you arehaving troublewith the law enforcing agencies,marital problems,financial problems, etc., then your payload is not functioningas it shouldand your missionis failing. It should now be apparent that you must select the goals you wish to achieve in life. PoliticalcolumnistWalLippman hasbeenquotedas saying: ter of our so"The critical weakness ciety is that for the time beingour peopledo not havegreatpurposes which they are united in wanting The publicmoodof the to achieve. to hold on country is defensive, and to conserve, not to push forward and to create." 95

ilN ORBilT

When our forefathersembarkedto find a land where they could enjoy new frontiers,they bandedtogether freedomof worship and challenge group, achieve thesegoals'The end resultout to set and,working as a They toiled, facedhardtoday. greatest earth nation on they foundedthe their goals' accomplish and unknowns ships,and evendeathto conquer The attitude Todaywe too needthe spirit and the zealof our forefathers. and to today for many is to enjoy luxurious living and conveniences of Americanswill concernabout what future generations deemphasize inherit. All through history, we read how nation after nation beganto no longer united in common decaywhen they becamepleasureJoving, goals,and satisfied with the fruits of their attainments. In order for a nation to survive,its peoplemust have personalgoals' Thus, it is important that you as an individual have goalsfor your life this greatnation,becomeour by men across which in turn, when shared nationalgoals.E. LackeyConnallyhas written: "No steamshipleavesport but that it has a destination.Heavy weatherand accidentmay causeit to deviatefrom its coursebut for which it alwaysits Definite Purposeis to reach the destination but it finally comesinto sailed.At timesit may be behindschedule, port. It would be no more foolish-for a ship to put out to seawith than it is for a vouth to put out on Life's Seawith no no destination ultimategoal." The greatgoalsof our nation today have their roots in the Constitution in and the Bill of Rights. Someof thesegoalshave beenre-emphasized the Charterof the United Nations: of war . . . and to generations from the scourge "to savesucceeding and to establish reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights . arising for the obligations underwhichjusticeand respect conditions of internationallaw can be mainfrom treatiesand other sources tained,and to promotesocialprogress." PeaceAmong Nations, not at any price, but peacewith justice is the desireof every American citizen. 96

Freedom has been a right that the citizens of our nation have enjoyed, cherished, bled, and died for. Dignity of Man. The constitution of the United States protectsthe dignity and worth of every individual. In order for all mankind to enjoy thii right, it must be the responsibilityof eachindividual to respectit. opportunity. America has long been known as the land of opportunity where every individual can achieve his goals in life. The only limiting factor is the amountof effort eachindividualwill expend.Just as a ship will not reach its destinationif it doesnot have the completecooperation of its entire crew, so alsothe objectivesof our country cannotbe achieved and maintained unlessthe peopleof the nation unite to accomplish their goals.

It follows logicallythat the goalsof a nation are molded and formed by the individualgoalsof its citizenry.Therefore, it is of the utmostimportancethat you as an individualhave spiritualgoalsfor the development

BIRTH, A HUMAN BEINCPOSSESSES

BUTPOTENTIAL. TO BECOME Y WHATHECAN BECOME HE

GROW INTELLECTUAILY, DYNAM. LLY,MORALLY,AND SPIRITUALLY. Y I NDI V I D U A L M A Y S T O P THIS

AT ANY TIME HEWISHES, BUT

SO DOINC, HE DENIES HIMSEIF HIS

OPPORTUNITY TO BECOME

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of your personal life. Billy Graham sums up this idea in these words:

"America can rise no higher than the individuals who walk her streets, conduct her business, teach her young PeoPle, make her homes, and attend her churches. As compelling as are the great social needsof our nation and of the world, these can only be met as individuals are themselves."

ftM
.' *i,,

You as a person must set for yourself the goal of a fully integrated personal life based upon the highest conceptsof human dignity and value. To put it one way, your basic goal is to live a virtuous life by serving God, your fellowman, and your country. To do this will require a high degree of dedication and understanding.

It is interesting to note that the Latin word for man is "Vir," which means "strong." To be a complete person of value and dignity one must be stron,s. not just in a physical sense,but also with strong convicin a moral sense, tions as to what is right and with the will to maintain and defend these rights.

In President Kennedy's book, Profiles in Courage, he listed a number of men in our political history who suffered humiliation and political defeat rather than succumb to the pressuresthat were brought to bear on them to forsake what they believed to be right. This is the type of strength which every one should cultivate throughout life.

One could list numerous virtues that identify the truly strong, spiritual person; but we list four here which comprise the basis for a virtuous life. They are Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, and Temperance'

Prudcnce: This is the quality of judgment that makes it possible for a man to look beyond the immediate advantagethat might accrue to him and see what the long range effect will be-not only upon himself but upon all those influenced by the decision. Many times this means that temporarily there may be hardship but in the future much good will come to all.

.lustice: A just man is always a good man, for the quality of justice in a man's character assuresthat he will always render to every man what is due under the laws of God and man. Fundamentally, this is the complete application of the Golden Rule-that we do to all others as we would have done to ourselves.Justice extends to all our personal activities from paying our just debts to preserving the good name of our neighbor. Every one of us should hold fast to the determination to be a just person in all that we do and say.

99

i t

Fortitude: Courage is admired by all men. Physical and moral courage are essentialto the complete man. To be ready to risk our lives in behalf of another is a mark of the virtuous. "Greater love hath no man than this, that he lay down his life for his friends." Moral courage which strengthensus in the performance of all that is good despite opposition and hardship is likewise essentialto the complete person. A physical or a moral coward is an object of pity, not admiration or imitation.

Temperance: In all things we must be temperate. A man who cannot control his temper is an intemperate man. A man who overeats is an intemperate man. A man who does not take care of his health is an intemperate man. The ideal for which we all should strive is to be moderate in all things. This means we are in control of our activities and are able to direct them according to the sound laws of morality, health, and justice.

In all of our activities during our lifetime we should strive to fulfill our obligations to God and to serve our fellowman. Then we can look at ourselveswith an unbiased eye and truthfully say, "I have done my best to live up to the highest ideals of God and man."

"Lift My Eyes to Far Horizons" God of the wide distances of the world, lift thou my eyesto far horizons. Forgive me that I have been so much absorbedin the narrow borders of my own small self. Grant me to seethe long courseof history out of which my single self and this vast world have come. Show me the great men who have lived in the days gone by and those who are alive today. Let me look into the future "far as human eye can see," and make the eventsof the world of tomorrow a part of my plans and hopestoday. Showme what happensin distant placesof the earth among strangeand far-off people. Tear me loose-with a wrench and pain, if need be-from what is so near that it binds and narrowsmy soul. Bring that which is far away close,so that I may seeand understandit. In the name of Him who encompassed all lands and centuriesin His mind and purpose.Amen.

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InGonclusion...
There is much more to be learned in the countdown preparation of life than what you have consideredin this total study. Perhapswith this as a skeletalbeginning,you will have been better preparedto make a more intensiveinvestigation.If so, love's labor is not lost. In the ultimate analysisyou will realize that a lifetime spent studying the principles set forth in this text will be worthless unless you do something locker-roomtalk before with them! This has beenthe coach's the game.The millions of humanityare packingthe standsjust outside that door, waiting to seehow preparedyou are to win the gameof life. A few are betting against you. Some are out-and-out opponents.But remember, this is a home game,and the vast majority are here to see you win. Some have paid a great price to provide you with this tremendousopportunity.Give them a good game! In any event, we concludeby recalling the stoly in which the university president was just closinghis commencement In the audience address. werean elderlycouple,obviouslyof foreignextraction, who were having sometrouble understanding the address to the graduatingclassof which their daughter wasa member. "What did he say?" finally queriedthe mother, perplexed.
asked the

"The beega fella ina black robes.What did he say?" "He say, 'Schoolis out'!" was the reply.

SCHOOL IS OUT -

LIFE BEGINS

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Glossary
Ballistic Missile. Any missile which is guided in the initial phase of but which becomesa free-falling body in the latter stages its trajectory, -flight. lt describesa trajectory throughout similar to that of an of its artillery shell. Bird. A slang expressionreferring to a spacevehicle'

used in describingthe actual takeoff of Btastoff. A slang expression vehicle. a space BoosterStage. That portion of the propulsionsystemwhich provides to lift the spacevehicle off its launch the tremendousthrust necessary phases of its mission. initial the pad and through parts of testingof the component countdown checkout. A sequential it, services which a space vehicle, as well as the support equipment during the actuallaunchoperation. Drift. The gradualdeviationof a spacevehiclefrom its plannedflight path due to other than human factors. EscapeVelocity. In spaceflight, the speedat which the craft is able to overcomethe earth's gravitational pull. Engine Runup. The act of operatingan aircraft engineat relatively high r.p.m. while the craft is standing still to test its operational effectiveness. Flight Path Deviations. Any change in the planned flight path of a spacevehicle due to either human or other factors' G Force. A force exertedupon an object by gravity through that body counter to the pull of gravity' being accelerated 104

(ialactic. Of or pertaining to a galaxy in space.A galaxy may be any of the very numerousgroups of stars, similar to our Milky Way, which form isolatedunits in the universe. (iantrv. An extremely large, crane-type structure which has maintenanceplatforms on different levels,generallyis mounted on rails, and is used for erecting or servicing large, vertically launched spacevehicles or missiles.
High Intensity Radiation. An intense concentration of energy emitted through space or material in the form of waves. l.aunch Complcx. The composite of facilities and equipment necessary for the launch of spacecraft or missiles. l.:runch l)ad. A specific launch facility, generally designed for single spacevehicle use. \Ianncd Capsule. A nose cone occupied and at least partially controlled bv a human or humans. \Icteorites. space. Small bodies of extraterrestrial matter moving through

\osc Cone. A generic term for the separable payload portion of a manned or unmanned space vehicle. The nose cone would consist of the heat shield and support structure, the human or instrumented payload, the instrumentation for guidance and telemetry, etc. Orbital Mission. Within current concepts, the programming of a manned space vehicle in orbit about the earth. Parasitic l)rag !'orces. Those effects of all nonflight-producing

ex-

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terior surfaces which result in a force resistantto the desireddirection of motion. Preflight Checklist. A published list of a seriesof visual and operafor takeoff. tional checksnecessary to insure readiness Retrorockets. Braking rockets placed on or in the spacecraftwhich discharge sufficient thrust counter to the direction of flight to retard forward motion. Specific Impulse. The thrust in pounds produced by burning one pound of a specific fuel with its oxidizer in one second. Engines. A powerplantin a spacevehicle used for its susSustainer propulsion, as opposed to the booster engine utilized during taining phase. the launching Warhead. That forward portion of a ballistic missile, Thermonuclear bomb, or other projectile containing an atomic deviceintendedto inflict massivedamage to the enemy. Two-stage Vehicle. A space vehicleconsisting of a second or sustainer stageas well as the primary or boosterstage. Van Allen Belts. Two belts, named after their American discoverer, of intense,corpuscularradiation (alpha, beta, or other unknown types) which circulate about the earth on both sides of its magnetic equator. abovethe ionosphereto about 5Vz They extendmainly from somewhere earthradii. Vernier Engines. Low-thrust power units usedto advancea spacecraft to its proper speedand direction. These are generally of long duration.

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APPENDIX

Here we shall concern ourselves with those elements of personality and decorum which will make more effective the total impact of your life. They are some of the personal characteristicsand social rules for living that, while not all-important, will get you more effectively to your ultimate goals. They comprise the nose cone of your life's spacevehicle'

The nose cone is the most cleanly designed portion of the exterior of the craft from an aerodynamic standpoint. In most cases the nose cone is machined to the closest possible tolerances so aS to reduce, to a minimum, all the parasitic drag forces which will be brought to bear on the vehicle. This is the protective covering over the heart of the system-the payload. Its proper function is of extreme importance to the whole flight. within this section your attention shall be called to various areas in which you can increase your ability to "get through" to those whom you wish to serve. Certain positive personality attitudes will be treated throughout. The major emphasiswill be given over to enumerating some 108

sound practices of correct behavior which will make your life more effectivein relationships to others. since many of you may not have immediateaccess to a personalvolume on good mannersuni d""oru-, it is intendedthat this serveas a brief resourcefor this purpose.The primary areasfor considerationwill fall under four headines: (1) your appearance, (2) your conversation, (3) your correspondence, and (4) specialsubjects. Your Appearance. Your physical appearanceis an important factor in social acceptance. Acquaint yourself with proper dress under given circumstances. Before we touch on some detailed coverageof the subject, there is a generallyapplicablepoint or two worthy of mention. Firstly, whatever you wear, let it be clean and neat at all times! of course,when physical labor or exerciseis indicated somewhatdifferent rules apply, but evenhere you should begin such activities by followirrg this same guide. If dirt, grease,or mud follow in the ensuingactivity, well and good,but at leastbeginclean and neat. The quality of one's clothing is not nearly as important as its appearanceand appropriateness to the occasion. Secondly,learn to select your apparel with proper color combinations in mind. It is true that the proverbial riverboat gambler'sloud-checked coat will focus attention, but the social results are hardly what the normal person seeks.Drabnessof clothing and color seleciion is perhaps just as bad an extreme. As in many other matters, a middle-ofthe-road course is the most desirable.Most good clothiers can provide you with a color chart of combinationswhich complementone another. Use one. It will enhanceyour social acceptability. You should rememberthat this matter of color choice involves everything you wear. All accessories, suchas ties, stockings,jewelry, makeup, should be taken into consideration. 109

Thirdly, proper fit is a social must. This is often a seriousproblem to young people still in their growth. However, there is much that you also can do to help yourself here as well. Most garmentsare so constructed that they allow for a certain amount of lengthening and general enlarging. Survey your wardrobe with this in mind. It will enhance your whole impact on others.

WH ICH AREYOU?

Personal grooming, including plain old-fashioned body cleanliness, is a decisive factor in this whole problem. Somewill excuseyour too short trousers or your too baggy skirts, but no one will find it easy to appreciate dirty teeth, fingernails, hands, face, neck, and ears! Poorly groomed hair and, above all, hair that is dirty is a social abomination! An unkept physical appearanceis a clear indication of a personality and, perhaps, character to match. The basic rule of what to wear on any given occasionis to wear generallythe same type of clothes that others who will be there will wear. In other words. wear what you are expectedto wear. How do you find out? Well, if you have a friend who has associated with the group on similar occasions, ask him. Otherwise, a simple and forthright phone call to the host of the occasion will suffice.

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Formal and semiformal social situationsleave less room for individuality of choice. Any good book on etiquette will have full details covering thesesituations.Go to your nearestlibrary for reference. Perhapsit would help to clarify a little confusion at this point. semiformal should not be interpreted as indicating *"u.ing business suits and women in formal evening wear. rn communities -"n where formal wear requiresmen to wear tail coats, semiformal would then mean tuxedos(or dinner jackets)with womenwearingsimpleeveningdresses. Some communities interpret the wearing of tuxedos or dinner jackets as formal wear. In this instance,semiformalwear would mean dark sack suits for men and cocktail-type dressesfor women. In situations where men wear business suits, women will be proper in wearing afternoon-not evening-dresses. other basicconsiderations we haveofferedapply equallyto both young men and young women.Finally, one additionalword of advice exclusively for women we take from Emily post's most recentbook on this subject. Shesays: "To the moderngeneration it must seemfantasticthat not so very long ago all makeupwas considered wicked. Today the only restraintin the useof everyitem in the cosmetic cataloglies in the answerto the question, 'Are you sureyou are not exchanging your face for a mask?, "Don't daub rouge until you look as though you had inflammation of the cheekbones. Don't plasteryour face with powder until it no longer has any semblance of skin. Lipstick or lip rougecalls for a skillful hand and keenvision. "Rememberthat a mask can never take the place of a face. The face of a clown is grotesque, for it is meant to be. If cosmetics are to add to beauty,they must be the allies,not the enemies, of nature.,' Your conversation.one of the basic secrets to successful living is the ability to make the other person feel that he is of some importance in your relationship. This pertains to momentary contacts as well as life-

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long friendships. Without being gushy or maudlin, look for things in others worthy of your compliment. Ask their opinion of subjects when they might have a good point to contribute. Don't be guilty of contributing to a situation similar to that in which a woman was heard to say to her husband, "When I want your opinion, I'll give it to you!" In conversationcultivate the ability to listen at least 50 percent of the time. A very important point to remember is that when you ask a question, listen to the answer. In this connection we are reminded of a secondcouple who were quarreling.They saw a team pulling a heavy load. Asked the wife, "Why can't we get along and pull together in harmony like that team?" "Because," said the husband, "those horses have only one tongue betweenthem." Of course, we are not recommendingthat in normal conversationone person remain silent all the time. This would certainly bring the conversation to an immediate close! However, give the other person your undivided attention. There is nothing more distasteful than to have someoneask your opinion, and make it immediately obvious by facial expression,etc., that he has "tuned you out" and is just waiting for a pausewhere he can say or ask somethingelse. Sidney Smith said of Macauley,"He oncetalked too much, but now he has occasionalflashes of silencethat make his conversationperfectly delightful!" Avoid giving too much advice. It begins to sound like criticism. The personwho gives adviceas normal content of his conversationis assuming a position of authority, whether or not he is entitled to it. This can only lead to varying degrees of resentment and will spoil your effectivenessin these relationships. Take notice of people around you. Help them know you are aware of them. This will assistthem in being more natural and at easein your presence and will result in much more harmonioussocial relationships.

rt2

When a part of a group situation, don't becomeknown as a person who seeks out only certain individuals and exclusive cliques. There is a time for both types of association. Keep them in proper balance. It may, at first, seemconflicting to suggest that you not allow yourself to becometoo familiar in your normal group relationships.The "hailfellow-well-met," backslapping,overly aggressive social type very soon wearsthin. The exercise of good commonsense is all one needsto succeed in such matters.Don't be afraid to make a definite point in social conversation, but first of all THINK! Then contribute, and your contribution will be appreciated. Your companywill be sought. Correct speechusageis a key to effective social relationships.In many instances it determines leadership.To go into extensivedetail would require total textbook coverage.Brief considerationof a few cardinal areasfor concernwill be sufficientfor our purpose.Theseare: (a) basicknowledge of grammar, (b) emphasis and inflection, (c) vocabulary, and (d) pronunciation. a. Basic Knowledge ol Grammar. A good way to begin this thought is to remind you of an incident which took place betweenHiram and his sister one day: "Hiram, Hiram," called his sister,as she stood in the doorwayand looked toward the group of small boys."Hiram, come in and eat yourself.Pa, he's on the table and Ma she'shaf et." It is obvious that the point which Hiram's sister was trying to get across certainlywas not expressed by what shesaid! Whatever else might be said in referenceto good speech habits will need to be built on this point for proper foundation. All the command of good vocabulary, pronunciation, etc., will be of little use if you don't have a solid knowledge of the basic principles of grammatical construction. If the mere mention of dangling participles, split infini-

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tives, and proper tense and number gives you cold chills, then set aside, right now, sufficient time for a good review of the standard rules of grammar. There is no time to engage in a short course in grammar within this text. We merely recommend that if you want to find your rightful niche in interpersonal relationships you will need to learn to communicate correctly. A working knowledge of basic grammar is the place to start. b. Speech Emphasis and Inflection. Again, we do not propose to go into detail on this point. A single basic rule for proper speech emphasis and inflection may be of some help. Think about what you intend to say before you open your mouth. Concentrate on content! Then, when you speak you will, almost naturally, give proper emphasis and force to the words and phrases you use to express your ideas. Haven't you heard a singer who just couldn't seem to get the messageof his song across?Or the public reader of poetry or prose who left you in a constant state of emotional agitation because he was giving little or no meaning to his words? The singer's voice might have been trained to technical perfection. The reader might have had a beautifully modulated voice quality. Their problem amounted to not being conscious of the messageinvolved. The singer only sang notes, to a word accompaniment. The speaker only made rich voice tones, in company with a word combination. Think what you want to say. Mean what you are saying. Then the messagewill be carried by deeply felt emphasis and inflection.

c. Vocabulary. Of course, the mere acquisition of words is not enough. This was illustrated by a youngster who said, "My, but that maternity candy was good, Mommy!" She had heard the candy called divinity some time before, but, in her eagernessto use big words, she used the wrong one. She saw her mother bring a large brandy-snifter home to use for a vase, in which to float flowers. Her excited remark was "Oh, Mommy, what a pretty beer-smeller!" No-words are insufficient. You must have a working knowledge of them before they can honestly become valid properties of your proll4

-______

tective nose cone. This is where mere word knowledgechangesto true vocabulary, and this is what you are being encourag-ed to glue serious attentionto in your countdowncheckout.It boils oown to-ueing able to say what you mean.Baby talk is cute when it comesfrom a small child' when a personmuch older continuesto use it, we question the emotionalstabilityof that individual. Somewould downgrade taking pains to enlargeone,svocabulary. They sayone shouldlearn to communicate entirelyin what is known as basic English. one-syllable,extremely common words are not merery encouraged by this group; they reducethe measurement of all .,successful,, communication in relation to the presence or absence of more complex vocabulary.

I'Twas br illig, & th e s lit hy t ov es D i d gy r e and gl mb l e in t he wabe ; ,i l l nim s y wer e t h e :o ro g ov es , And the mome raths o u tgr abe. 'Be war e t he J abbe rro ck, m y s on ! Th e jaws t hat b i te , t he c laws th a t c at c h ! 3 e war e t he J ubJ ub :i rd , and s hun The frumious Bandersnatch | tr i,Iice Through th e Look ing G las s L. Car ro II

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It is certainlytrue that one must use simpler vocabularyin conversing with specific individuals and groups. It is equally true that there are the preciseshade othersto whom no word is usableunlessit expresses desired. of meaning but The questionis not whether either of thesesituationsis desirable, you be will of most Since them. handle you intend to ratherthat of how it both extremes, of combination complex living as part of a rather each with properly communicate to you learn to for makesgood sense of them. Good vocabulary generallyresults in a good, even flow of speech. and stumblesin speechcommuniNormally, the personwho hesitates aheadof his ability to bring up runs his mind because does so cation proper words at the right time to expresshis ideas' He, therefore, stumbles or experiencesabnormal pauses in his speech so that his mouth can keeppacewith his brain. Study new words and phrasesconstantly.The number of syllablesin Its true meaning,tied into a word does not determineits usefulness. that of applying it preciselyto what it is you wish to convey, is important. Then rememberthe generalword knowledgeof the person or personsto whom you intend to speak,and you will find yourselfwell is with others.A Roget'sThesaurus on the way to effectiveassociation library must. a personalreference This is so closelyrelated to what has just been disd. Pronunciation. cussed that we shall not pauselong. However,you shouldfully understand that correct pronunciation makes much more effective a good To know the proper word to use under quantitativeword knowledge. a given circumstanceand then to show ignoranceof how to correctly pronounceit is "poor potatoes"indeed! One of the best personalinyou can make will be found in the speedypurchaseof a vestments dictionary. Here you learn good, new words good self-pronouncing guidance in how to proin companywith educated with their meanings to reducingdrag in your interpersonal nouncethem. Both are essential relationships.

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There is, of course, much more to be learned in developing the art of good communication.An elective course or two in high school will be of genuinehelp; some solid speechin college is an imperative. This is equally important to all chosen fields of endeavor. No matter in what plane your orbit of life will travel-doctor, lawyer, merchant, chief-you will still require a high degreeof communicativecapability in order to be effective. In closing this portion of our discussionwe will treat a specific. The area pertains to that of introductions.These are only generalrules. The library is againthe place to go for further details. Wheneverpossibleuse the simple phrase "How do you do?" when being introduced. 'oPleased to make your acquaintance,""pleased to meet you," "Charmed," or other such phraseologies are not in good taste. If there is a very special reason why you have wanted to meet this person,you may very well say so in some dignified fashion,perhaps briefly explaining why. In the average situation, however, the simple statementwe have suggested is in order. Even a polite smile will sometimessuffice. Above all, avoid effusivenessand stilted expressions. Men of culture find the handshake very much in order when being introducedto other men. Ladies largely refrain from this practice.The rule for the man being introducedto a woman is to shakehands only upon being extendedthe courtesyby her. Of course,though she has the prerogative of initiating the handshake, any lady will gracefully exchange this expression of friendship,should a man offer his hand in greeting.As a generalrule it is the personwho is receivingthe introduction who should initiate the handshake.This will help solve suchproblems. The general rule for precedence in introductions is the younger to the older, but always the gentleman to the lady, regardlessof the years involved. The only exceptionsto this rule would be when the President of the United States,a royal personage,or a dignitary of the church is involved.

tt7

A most suitableform for introduction is through the mere pronouncing of two names "Mrs. Old, Mrs. Young." You can easily make plain who is being introduced to whom by using a slightly rising inflection in referring to the more important name, the secondaryas a mere statement of fact. The name of the person to whom the presentation is first. being made is alwaysmentioned Men always stand when being introduced, but women never, except age. personof either sexor to one of advanced for a very distinguished If you are introducinganotheryoungpersonto your parents,the proper phrasingwould be, "Mother and Dad, I would like you to meet Sally Jonesand Johnny Brown." One additional item of significanceis a working knowledge of how to The subgive and reply to introductionsinvolving important personages. ject is too detailedfor this study. It should be sufficient to say that this is vital enough for you to refer to your library volumes wheneverthe possibility appearsfor needing it. Writing good letters and notes is an art that can Your Correspondence. be acquired. Letter writing is a true reflection of your character. The obvious reaction to receiving a sloppy, poorly spelled, badly worded, piece of correspondence perhapseven ink-splotchedor finger-smudged carries red-flashing warning lights all over it! It tells the story of an inadequate characterand frowsy personalityto match. If your speechhabits can mirror your basic personality,then your writing habits can do the same.For any effective writing is merely that on paper.On first glancethis may not seemtoo imof putting speech portant to you. You couldn't be more incorrect in your assumptionMany are the persons who have ended up being the one individual hired out of a large group of job applicants becausetheir forms were filled out neatly and intelligently. Their letters of application were well written and neat. This singled them out as good prospects from the very beginning. 118

Not everyone has the ability to write beautifully as far as the shape of the letters is concerned, but anyone can learn to write neatly and legibly, developing subject material in clear, organized fashion. Even if you must refer rather constantly to the dictionary, you can fill your letter with correctly spelled words. Overall neatness and cleanliness of the paper surface is an ability within the limits of any normal person. Get a pen that can be counted upon or a typewriter that has clean keys, and part of the battle will be won in that instant. If you find it difficult to write in a straight line, use the lining guide available with nearly all stationery. Square your margins and use the basic rules of good letter proportion and placement. Good rules of common sense enter into the selection of proper paper, as well. In some cases, such as military and business correspondence, certain rather rigid rules apply. Thoroughly acquaint yourself with these requirements before you begin to write such correspondence.There are innumerable library books which cover this specialized information in detail. Freely refer to them in such instances and, above all, don't take your knowledge of such writing requirements for granted. In so-called normal correspondence, a few additional guidelines may help. If you are inclined to write with large letters then use larger pieces of note paper. The opposite is true if you write with very small characters. Your paper should never be ruled. It should never be highly scented, whether you are male or female. It should not be highly ornamental or excessively textured. Don't use extremes in the shape of your envelope. You will never go wrong in selecting white as the color of your stationery. No color should ever be used for formal correspondence,such as replies to formal invitations or letters of condolence or appreciation. If you must use color, let it be a conservative pastel.

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As far as the note paper itself is concerned,it should be folded once if the envelopeis deep enough to cover half the length of the paper. If not, fold it twice. Do not adopt the practiceof usingmodel letters,changing only a name or two and a few phrases which do not apply.Make your correspondence your own whereverpossible.It will be recognized as such by the recipient, and appreciated. Handwritingshouldbe usedfor all personalsocialletters,such as notes of condolenceand congratulation, and for any messages and invitations written on engraved personalcards. The date should appearon the upper right corner. Your addressmay be placed above the date if you wish. It is also permissible, but not preferred,to place the date or the address or both a little below your signature on the left side of the page.This would be at the end of the letter.of course. So-called"bread-and-butter" letters are always in order. If you stay with someone overnightor longer,you should write a thank you note immediatelyupon your return home. This is a social must. The note should be informal and brief. Both young men and women should sign their full name to their correspondence. The young woman will place "(Miss)" in parenthesis before the signature.The young man will sign only his name, never placing"Mr." beforeit. The bestclosingfor a formal socialnote may include"Sincerely,""Sincerely yours," "Very sincerely,"or "Very sincerelyyours." For close friends or relatives"Affectionatelyyours," "Lovingly," or "Love," in rising order of intimacy,may be used.

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is to remember A word of caution in referenceto all correspondence that no one should put in writing any thought that he would not wish to becomepublic knowledge,for the chancesare better than 50-50 that it or sentimentsoundsmuch worse than will be. An injudicious sentence people.A good or unsympathetic it was meant to when read by strangers rule of thumb is that if you put anything in writing that is highly charged with emotion, let it cool for 24 hours. Then read it through again before you decide to mail it. Thoughts are sometimesmost easy they are lost to you forever. They beto express,but once expressed you shared and to whomever that with whom to one long then the personmay wish to passthem. SpecialSubiects a. At the Tabte. Proper table mannersare often an indication of good or breeding. Few social habits can so well illustrate one's possession is the decorum lack of culture. The basic rule for acceptabletable The same as for most areasof social behavior-good common sense. generally one. the correct natural and unobstrusivecourse of action is When in doubt, perhapsthe best singlerule to follow is to wait quietly and follow the lead of those nearest you. There are many detailed factors involved in achieving perfection in good table manners, the study of which we again commend to your serious consideration.A few specificswill sufficefor our purposesin this study. If serviceis provided the meal you will be offered food at your left. You should help yourself without touching the platter or serving dish. Use the utensils you find on the serving dish. Ordinarily, a serving spoon will be used for vegetables,and in this case you serve yourself with your right hand. For meat, fish, and fowl dishes there will be both a fork and a spoon. Hold the food portion betweenthe two utensils and be sure to replacethe utensils transfer it to your plate. In both instances on the plate as you found them. If no servantis present,as will be true in most cases,acceptthe platter from your left and, holding it in your left hand, serve yourself with your right hand. Select the portion closest to you as the platter is passed or offered.

r22

Always wait until several have been served before commencing to eat. At a large gathering it is certainly not necessaryto wait until utt huu. been served. However, it is definitely in good taste to wait until you observe others beginning before you do so. It is the old matter of "when in doubt, don't do it.,' Gentlemen draw back ladies' chairs or, at least, do well to remain standing until the ladies are seated. The ladies will generally wait until the hostess is seated. Don't remove your napkin from the table until your hostess removes hers' Then place it on your lap, unfolded-not tucked in anywhere! At the close of the meal it is laid loosely, but neatly, beside your place setting. If one hand is not being used while eating, keep it on your lap. Some say that the arms may be rested lightly across the edge of the table while you await the serving of a new food course. The surest advice is not to allow yourseu this luxury. It may be misinterpreted. Sit erectly, your feet under your chair. Each piece of table service has a specific use. usually the silver at each place is arranged so that you may begin with the ouiside piece on each side and progress inwardly. Never wipe your table service *itt u napkin. If you are in a public eating establishment, you may request replacement if yours is really not clean. Do not prop your knife and fork against your plate when not using them. Nor should you place them on the table. Put them on the plate. They belong wnoity on the plate or in your hand. They are used only for eating, never for pointrng or waving during table conversation. In eating soup or bouillon always dip the spoon away from you. par_ take of it as silently as possible. It is permissible to tip the btwl away from you as the level of the liquid nears the bottom. If the soup or bouillon is served in a cup, it may be drunk. If such cups contain bits of vegetables or noodles, they may be spooned after you have drunk

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the liquid. Croutons, small French fried or toasted cubes of bread, are passed separately in a dish, and you may put a spoonful in your cup if you desi.e. crackers are eaten with the soup-never broken into it. Foods served separately should remain separate on your plate' Each should be eaten in small bits, and conversation should never be mixed with the chewing process. You chew with your mouth closed, and no one will expect you to talk at all during the process' When you wish to make table conversation, wait until your table companion has finished a particular mouthful' Use your fingers only with foods which cannot be eaten more neatly with tablewaie, suctr as corn-on-the-cob, some fruit, or a sandwich. In all caseswhere doubt exists as to proper eating behavior, follow the lead of your hostess. Never drink liquids until your mouth is completely free from foods. If you do, you will leave unsightly smears on the rim of the cup or glass. Cut your meat, fish, or fowl one bite at a time. It should be consumed before you cut another Portion. The fork is always held between the thumb and the first two fingers. Never grasp it in your fist to facilitate cutting meat or other food. If one has been provided, always place bread or rolls on the butter plate. Unless served bite-sized, rolls and bread must be broken into small pieces. A bit of bread may be used to push food onto your fork only if that food is extremely difficult to handle otherwise' Never use an item of personal tableware to spoon sugar or other items onto the appropriate plate. Delay your eating or drinking, if necessary, long enough for your hostess to notice the matter and supply the neces-

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sary silver.If a servantis present,make your need known as unobtrusivelyaspossible.
Cleaning your teeth at the table, by any means, is inexcusable. when you have finished eating, leave the dishes where they are. Make no attempt to rearrange your place setting, play with your silverware, or tip back in your chair. In informal situations, offer once to assisr your hostesswhen you believe she will appreciate your help. If you are refused, do not press the issue. Your dinner conversation should never include unpleasant topics. Never talk of food, your likes and dislikes, or your diet. Table conversation should be pleasant at all times. b. As a Houseguest. If you are invited as an overnight or weekend houseguest,one of the first things to remember is not to expect your host or hostess to be an outfitter! This might be expected on a plush safari to the wilds of Africa when you are putting out half a year,s salary to your outfitter, but that would certainly be one of the few rare exceptions. You will certainly bring with you all necessary personal items, except for soap and linen. This rule applies to clothing as well. If you know that sports or athletic activities are going to be on the agenda, then go prepared. Take along enough clothing to fully cover normal requirements. The rule is that it is better to have a bit more on the formal side than you end up actually using. To appear with nothing but informal clothes and find that more formal attire is expected, shall we say at the evening meal, is an embarrassment. when a guest, no matter how informal the occasion, always be on time when meals are announced. No hostess appreciates preparing a meal with conscientiouscare only to have a thoughtless and tardy guest come to the table so late that the soup is cold or the roast is dry.

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Do not use your chair for a rocker. Keep your feet on the floor-not the coffee table, an upholstered chair, or the bed.

on

Leave the bathroom at least as tidy as you found it. If you find the towels designedfor your use folded in a particular manner, refold them the same way after each use. Don't leave used towels or washcloths thrown around the bathroom or over the edge of the bathtub or washbasin. Either replace them on the rack or put them in a hamper, if one is available. Men who leave the washbowl and mirror all splattered after shaving are an especial abomination to the hostess! Replace your reading materials in the racks or on the shelves from which they came. When you finish reading the paper, put it back together properly. For a parting word on the houseguest,we refer to a bit of wisdom from Emily Post, who says, "When the visit is over, you need never return to that house again; but while you are there, you must like it. You must like the people you meet and the things they do. This is the first and inviolable law for the guest. If you neither understand nor care for dogs or children, and both insist on climbing all over you, you must seemingly like it, just as you must be amiable and polite to your fellow guests,even though they be all of the people on earth the most detestable to you. You must do your best to appear to find the food delicious, even though to you it is almost uneatable . . . . If you go to stay in a small house in the country, and they give you a bed full of lumps, in a room full of mosquitoes and flies, on a floor over that of a crying baby, under the eaves with the temperature over a hundred degrees,you can, the next morning, walk to the village and send yourself a telegram and leave. But though you feel starved, wilted, exhausted, and/or mosquitobitten until you resemble a well-developed case of chickenpox or measles, by not so much as a facial muscle must you let the family know that your comfort lacks anything that your happiest imagination could picture-nor must you confide in anyone afterwards (having broken bread in the house) how desperatelywretched you were. All you can do is politely decline the next time you are asked." t26

t Y
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c. While Traveling. ( 1 ) By Train. When traveling by train, you should remember that you have bought only the space provided for by the ticket. In a pullman, the seat facing in the direction of travel always belongs to the person holding the lower berth space.The rear-facing seat, then, belongs to the holder of the upper berth. One should never sit elsewherewithout the specific invitation of the person to whom such spaceis assigned. Normal principles of good behavior apply here as elsewhere. You are under no obligation to entertain the whole car or fill-in your seat mate on your whole life story. You should guard against bringing so much baggage into the car that others are crowded by it. Whenever you want the porter, afford him the courtesy of ringing rather than calling out. Also remember that the price of your ticket did not purchasethe personalservices of the train personnel.The tip is your meansof paying for those services. The porters and waiters are generally paid a certain basic wage plus tips, and when you refuse to afford them this additional gratuity, they suffer becauseof it. A dollar per night is about right for your pullman porter. Tip diner car waiters about what you would for similar servicein a good restaurant. Good manners do not require that you engagethe person in conversation with whom you are seatedduring meals, unless,of course, you so desire. In which case be careful to detect any sign on the part of the other which would indicate ernunwillinsnessto make table talk. (2) By Aircraft. In plane travel it is permissible to engage in conversation, but it is not consideredat all necessary. Tips are definitely rol in order in conncction with plane travel. This prohibition does not, however, extend to Sky Cap service for the handling of your baggage. It is customerry to s.ry goodby to the stewardess upon deplaning,as it is in order to give an appropriatc reply to her greeting when boarding the aircraft. Except for special reserve seating on some flights, you may choose your own. Be careful to observe the illuminated instructions on the panel over the forward bulkhead as they appear.

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(3) Hotet Hints. It is wise to make reservations for hotel accommodations. Upon arrival, go immediately to the desk and register. You will then be shown to your room by a bellboy, who will prepare your room by turning on appropriate lighting, by instructing you where various items and services are located and used, etc. It is generally in order to tip the bellboy 25 cents per bag' If you should call for any additional service from him, 25 cents for this should be considered a minimum tip. It is in order to tip the doorman who carries your baggageto and from the taxi a quarter for the service. Any service that you require during your stay, you should phone for. It is strictly against the rules of any reputable hotel for a guest to entertain or receive a guest of the opposite sex in a bedroom, without first speaking to the desk clerk and leaving the door ajar. Noisy parties, visitors of the opposite sex at late hours, or any other form of conduct which suggests questionable behavior is not countenanced by any reputable hotel. d. Special Requirements in Other Countries. Travel in other countries can often be made more pleasant for all concerned if you, the traveler, are aware of certain standards of appropriate behavior. There is much taik these days about "citizen diplomacy." No matter how you may feel about it, your country is judged by your conduct as it is observed in other lands. As a consequenceyou may look forward to foreign travel with serious misgivings. You needn't. As pointed out in The New Esquire Etiquette, "By now, most of the peoples of the world know that Americans are Americans, friendly and informal. If you are not arrogant or overbearing, if you don't act as if you think everyone is after your dollars, if you are not given to invidious comparisons, they'll take you as you are -and like you. If you make allowances for the strangeness you find in them, they will make allowances for the strangeness they find in you' Therefore, you need never apologize for being 'different,' nor yet flaunt your ignorance as if it were somehow superior.

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"In general, you need only behave like a guest, remembering that, over there, you are the foreigner. you can get away with just being yourself so long as you are reasonably friendly, courteous, and dignified. you can, save almost any awkward situation with an appropriate smile-a smile of frustration, a smile of embarrassment,a smile of welcome. you needn't be an expert on the local mores so long as you show a serious respect for them and winingness to fall in withlhem whenever you are able."

In spite of the excellence of the wisdom just quoted, there are several detailedareasfor concern which will fuither enhance your effect on peoplein whosecountriesyou may be a guest.These are: ( 1) ExcessiveFamiliarity. America is almost unique in its alrpervasiveatmosphere of familiarity. For instance, we are accustomed to usingfirst names in our conversation, after a minimum period of acquaintan.". Thi, is definitelynot common practiceabroad.It is a customfor longstanding friends,on uny but the most intimate levelsof association, to refer to one anotherin what we would consider formal language. An examplehas beensuggested where, insweden,one acquaintance wourd saytoihe other, ,,woiid the honorable doctor object to closing the window?" we would, in good taste, say, "Bob, would you mind closingthe window?,' In Germanyit will be "Mein Herr smith"; in Spain it will be ,.Seflor Smith"; in France "Monsieur Smith" wilr be in order; and in Engrand it will be most certainly "Mister smith." They all mean the same,of course;the only point beingthat thoughyou may have been on friendry termsfor daysor longeryou will be addressed in this manner.It is not a sign of aloofness or unfriendliness. It is simply that this more formal usage is the customof most other peoples. In keepingwith this basicapproach you may find that, insteadof being invited to a friend's home for dinner, you are entertained at a public establishment. This doesn'tsignify any lack of friendship.tt is iust that in other countries one's home is considereda very private retieat. All 129

normal social entertainmentis done elsewhere.Should you become a houseguest, therefore, it should be consideredan outstandingcourtesy, and you are cautionedto so understandit and do nothing to in any way mar the relationship. Normally, self-introductionsare much rarer than here at home. There is much less emphasison "getting the name" at "in-other-land" social gatherings. It is best to wait and seewhat practice your host and others more accustomed to being in the group chooseto follow. Personalcontact is limited to handshaking, and this is kept to a onehand approach. Such greetings are developedto a fine art by these people, and subtleness of action is certainly indicated. Better not try you are skilledin the art. Even if a lady the hand-kissing routine unless offers her hand, palm down, it will be best to simply take the tips of the fingersin a light graspand then drop your arm to your side.Above all, don't manhandleanyone-man or woman-with a backslappingor armsteering approach. (2) Dancing. Thereis much that could be said in counsel here,but suffice it to say that, first, there is no "cutting in" as at home and, second,the young men do not concentrateall of their attention upon the eligible girls. It is equally expectedthat you will include in your eveningdance activitiesduty dancingwith the friends of the parents. You will find that, as a result,then, of the older womenbeingkept busy dancing,the older men will haveplenty of opportunityfor dancingwith the young girls. This is an acceptedand expectedpractice. This, of course,is quite differentfrom our practiceat home. (3) Dating. It should be pointed out that, contrary to the Hollywood interpretationof the foreign situation, one never finds a date being asked for and agreedto in accordancewith our rules of informality. That is, if the girl concernedcomesfrom a proper environment. The only exception countries. to this practiceis in certainScandinavian There is generally a firm social pattern involved in "dating," and one should never attempt it without full knowledge of the "rules of the game"! The wise rule for the casualvisitor is to contentone's self with group contacts,where membersof the oppositesex are concerned. 130

(4) Bath Taking. It is not at all unusual to find hotel rooms without baths in Europe. It is their custom to take sponge baths daily, and a tub bath perhaps not oftener than once a week. Only rarely does one find a shower. Amy Vanderbilt offers sound advice at this point in saying, "As there may be only one or two bathrooms to a floor in a European hotel, the patron desiring to take a bath goesthrough a certain ritual. In most cases he rings for a maid and makes an appointment for his bath time. When the hour arrives, the bathroom will be vacant and ready for him, and his bath drawn for him at the temperature he requested. In a smail Paris hotel he may find a clean linen sheet lining the carefully scrubbed bathtub and a clean bath towel laid out for him, but, as elsewhereon the Continent, he is usually expected to furnish his own soap. There is, in addition, usually an extra charge for a bath, or at least the maid expects an extra pourboire (tip) for her trouble." (5) Tipping. The tipping system in Europe is intended to care for percentage of the total wage and is more widespread than here a home. Any close approximation to 20 or 25 cents is considered at generous tip and should not be exceeded in the average situation. a To do so only makes it more difficult for the Continental traveler, who is generally less able, financially. This is perhaps a good place to emphasize that flashing of money and flamboyant displays of "generosity" are considered especially boorish in most other countriesmore than for any other reason because it may be interpreted as an indication that you place yourself above their station. This implication is detestable anywhere. Be thoughtful in your gratuities, and you will be appreciated. When in doubt, tip a slightly smaller amount. (6) Words and Phrases. Few Americans, sorry to say, bother to achieve any degree of mastery in a foreign language. However, before venturing abroad any of us would do well to familiarize ourselves with certain basic foreign words and phrases applying to the countries we intend to visit. Such minimum knowledge can prevent many an embarrassing moment. For instanca, to request a napkin from an English

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waiter is the same as asking for a baby's diaper! Many travel agenctes can provide useful booklets for this purpose. The United States Government Printing Office can forward some materials as well. e. Basic Attitude. It must be at all times positive. Your entire impact upon others will be greatly enhanced if you learn to develop this positive attitude. By looking for the best in your associates,you not only will bring the best out of them, but you also will find people seeking your leadership.Some seem to find it almost impossibleto learn this lesson in interpersonal relationships. They become like the terribly jealous woman who used to submit her husband to a regular inspection on his coat would lead to the hair discovered every evening.The slightest most frightful scenes.One night, finding nothing at all, she burst into tears and wept, "Even bald women, now!" Do you see what, so far in this section, you are being encouragedto do? Make people like you! Richard W. Wetherill makes an interesting assertion concerning this point. He begins by referring to one supervisor's attitude toward working with subordinates." 'Your workers are not supposedto like you,' a vice president in charge of production habitually tells each beginning foreman. 'If we find they do, we'll interpret it as a sign that you have failed in your job!' Ye gods! What the average supervisor urgently needs is not more discipline but more disciples." While this incident refers to supervisory technique, it equally applies to normal relationshipsin life. Good manners and decorum are, in the final analysis,based upon one motivational principle-consideration for others. All the rules and guides which could possibly be laid out to cover this subject ultimately reduce themselvesto this one basic 113if-gsrnrnon courtesy. If you will remember this fact in combination with a few simple "rules of the game" you will never be far afield.

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At the risk of being repetitious, we suggestthat this is another natural consequenceof recognizing other men as brothers, in accordance with the "Family of God" concept. Admittedly, this is an idealistic approach to interpersonal relationships. In defense the question is posed, ;,ixcept by the sheerest accident, what truly beneficial action in life ever was committed without first having been preceded by an equally good intention?" In this sense, ide35-good or bad-build the world. Make sure that the impact of your relationship in life finds itself built upon plus factors. Interrelate with your associates with positive courLsy and good will. Don't be like the district attorney who was questioning a Kentucky colonel. unable to shake his testimony, he tried sarcasm, iln what regiment are you a colonel?" "well," drawled the colonel, "it's like this. The 'colonel' in front of my name is like the 'Honorable' in front of yours. It doesn't mean a thinq.,' Many details of proper social conduct will come as a natural byproduct of courtesy being central in your attitude. Academically, one "un "ut with the correct fork and be the worst oaf in the crowd. the one who began the use of his silverware from the inside of the place setting may very well have otherwise made the most positive -onversely, contribution to the occasion. The important point for you to bear in mind is that technical knowledge must be kept in balanced combination with positive attitudes. we have, then, covered some of the more significantfactors involved in the study of our life's spacecraft system's precious payload and its protective nose cone. Allow us to be repetitious enough to again admit that the matters of etiquette and proper social decorum, treated here under "Nose cone," are certainly not all-important to the eventual reaching of your goal of orbiting into a rich life of service. However, again we assert,the accumulationof theseabilities and, more important, the positive spirit which underlies them will certainly serve to g., you more smoothly and efficiently on target. Give them concentrated attention, and you will not be sorry.

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..JUDGE A MAN NOT BY WHAT HE SAYS, BUT BY WHAT HE DOES!''

TIME HAS COMB: THE WALRAS S/JD, ",THE ,TO SPEAK OF MANY TTIIJVGS, OF STIOES... AND STIIPS. .. AND SEALING WAX, OF CABBAGES . ., AND KI,IVGS. AND WHY THE SEA IS BOILING HOT . . . AND WHETHER PIGS HAVE WINGS' BAT FROM THE OYSTERS GATTTERED THERE ANSWER, CAME THBRE NONB, AND THIS IryAS SCARCELY ODD, BECAUSE THEY'D EATEN EVERY ONE!'" "THE WALRUS AND THE CARPENTER" ALICE THROAGH THE LOOKI1VG GLASS LEWIS CAROLL

National ChaplainCommittee JAMES E. O'CONNELL Chaplain,Colonel,CAP Chairman REUBEN M. KATZ Chaplain,Lt. Colonel,CAP NortheastRegion HERBERT H. STAHNKE Chaplain,Colonel,CAP North CentralRegion JOSEPH M. O'MALLEY Chaplain,Lt. Colonel,CAP Rocky Mountain Region HAROLD M. BEST Chaplain,Lt. Colonel,CAP Pacific Region AMEL SCHULTZ Chaplain,Lt. Colonel,CAP Middle East Region MILTON N. POPP Chaplain,Lt. Colonel,CAP Region Southeast HAROLD S. MILES Chaplain,Lt. Colonel,CAP Region Southwest DANIEL U. SCOVANNER Chaplain, Lt. Colonel, CAP Great Lakes Region

Members-At-Large ROBERT M. SHAW Chaplain,Colonel,CAP ALBERT PLOTKIN Chaplain,Lt. Colonel,CAP

KENNA TROUT CAP Lt. Colonel, Chaplain,