PUNNETT

SQUARE PRACTICE
Background Information

NAME ______________________________

Use a Punnett Square to show the possible offspring from the crosses given and answer the questions:

In this scenario involving peas the alleles are:

Dominant R = round T= tall Y = yellow peas (seeds) P = purple flowers MONOHYBRID CROSSES: What is the genotype of a homozygous yellow seed plant? What is the genotype of a homozygous greed seed plant? What is the genotype of a heterozygous yellow seed plant? Make a cross between a true breeding or homozygous yellow seed parent and a true breeding or homozygous green seed parent. ________ ________ ________ Recessive r=wrinkled t = short y = green peas (seeds) p = white flowers

Possible Offspring Genotype Phenotype

State the probability an offspring will show the dominant trait

Show the mathematical proof:

State the probability an offspring will show the recessive trait

Show the mathematical proof:

MONOHYBRID CROSSES: What is the genotype of a homozygous purple flowered plant? What is the genotype of a homozygous white flowered plant? What is the genotype of a heterozygous purple flowered plant?

Illustrate a cross between a homozygous purple flower and homozygous white flowered plant.

Possible Offspring Genotype Phenotype

State the probability an offspring will show the dominant trait? ___________ State the probability an offspring will show the recessive trait? ___________ Patterning in Homozygous Monohybrid Crosses If you cross plants that are homozygous dominant for a trait with plants that are homozygous recessive for that trait, ________ % of the offspring will show the dominant trait and the ________________ trait will not show at all.

MONOHYBRID CROSSES: A black coat (B) is dominant in guinea pigs. A brown coat (b) is recessive. State the genotype of a homozygous dominant guinea pig. State the genotype of a heterozygous black guinea pig. State the genotype of a brown guinea pig.

Illustrate a cross between two heterozygous black guinea pigs.

Possible Offspring Genotype Phenotype

State the probability that a baby will be black

Show the mathematical proof:

State the probability that a baby will be brown

Show the mathematical proof:

State the probability a baby will be heterozygous

Show the mathematical proof:

State the probability a baby will be homozygous dominant

Explain why:

State the probability the baby will be homozygous recessive

Explain why:

MONOHYBRID CROSSES: Purple fur (P) is dominant in Desbian monsters. Yellow fur (p) is recessive. State the genotype of a homozygous purple Desbian monster. State the genotype of a heterozygous purple Desbian monster.

State the genotype of a homozygous yellow Desbian monster. Illustrate a cross between two heterozygous purple monsters.

Possible Offspring Genotype Phenotype

State the probability that a baby will be purple

Show the mathematical proof:

State the probability that a baby will be yellow

Show the mathematical proof:

State the probability a baby will be heterozygous

Show the mathematical proof:

State the probability a baby will be homozygous dominant

Explain why:

State the probability the baby will be homozygous recessive

Explain why:

Patterning in Heterozygous Monohybrid Crosses

If you cross 2 parent plants that are BOTH HETEROZYGOUS for a trait the offspring will show a ____ : ____ phenotypic ratio. ________ % of the offspring will show the DOMINANT trait and ________ % of the offspring will show the RECESSIVE trait. Use dominant or recessive to fill in the blanks below: of the offspring will have two __________________ alleles, will be hybrids with one _______________ and one _______________ allele, and will have two _________________ alleles. Use the pattern above to make predictions about the cross below: If you cross two HETEROZYGOUS ROUND SEED plants 75% will look __________________ 25% will look __________________

The probability is: will have the genotype will have the genotype will have the genotype

Scientists have been investigating the genetic make up of the residents in Bikini Bottom. Complete the following questions about these inhabitants. For each genotype below, indicate whether it is heterozygous (HE), homozygous dominant (HOD) or homozygous recessive (HOC). TT Bb DD tt Ff Dd ff bb BB FF

Determine the phenotype for each genotype given. Sponge folk the allele for yellow body colour (Y) is dominant to blue (y). YY = __________________ Yy = __________________ yy = ____________________ For Sponge folk the allele for square shape (S) is dominant to round (s). SS = __________________ Ss = _____________________ ss = ______________________ SpongeBob Squarepants recently met SpongeSuzie Roundpants at a dance. SpongeBob is heterozygous for his square shape, but Suzie is round. Create a Punnett square to show the possibilities that could result if SpongeBob and SpongeSuzie had children.

State Spongbobs genotype. _____________ State Spongesuzies genotype. ___________ State the chances a child will have a square shape. ________ out of ________ out of or _______% or _______% What are the chances a child will have a round shape.

In Squid People the allele for light blue skin (B) is dominant over the green (b) allele. Everyone in Squidwards family has light blue skin. His family brags that they are a purebred or truebreeding line. He recently married a nice girl with light green skin, which is recessive. List the possible genotypes and phenotypes for the kids: What are the chances of a child with green skin? ______% Would Squidwards children still be considered purebreds or truebreeding? Explain why.

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE: In Four OClock plants Red Flowers (R) are incompletely dominant over white (r) flowers. Heterozygous plants show a blended intermediate phenotype of pink flowers. Illustrate a cross with two pink Four OClock plants.

If the red allele in Four-oclocks was completely dominant over the white allele, what would the phenotype

Possible Offspring Genotype Phenotype

be for a plant with a Rr genotype? ____________________ You are exploring the jungle and find a new species of plant. Some of the plants have red flowers and some have yellow flowers. You cross a red flowering plant with a yellow flowering plant and all the offspring have orange flowers. You could assume that the alleles for flower color in this plant shows which type of dominance? A. complete dominance B. incomplete dominance C. codominance If the red and yellow alleles in the mystery jungle plant above showed CODOMINANCE instead, what might you expect a plant with one red allele and one yellow allele to look like? A. It would have all red flowers B. It would have all blue flowers C. It would have red and yellow flowers together on one plant D. It wouldnt make any flowers because it is a mutant.

BLOOD TYPES: In the ABO blood type system the IA and IB alleles are dominant to i allele and A and B are codominant to each other. Illustrate a cross between a IAi mom and a IBi dad. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? What is the probability the offspring will have: A type blood __________ B type blood __________ O type blood __________ AB type blood __________

Illustrate a cross between a IAi mom and a IBIB dad. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? What is the probability the offspring will have A type blood __________ B type blood __________ O type blood __________ AB type blood __________

Illustrate a cross between a IAIA mom and a ii dad. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? What is the probability the offspring will have A type blood __________ B type blood __________ O type blood __________ AB type blood __________

Draw a picture of what the blood cells from the offspring from this cross would look like.

You are working in the Emergency room and a bleeding patient with type B blood is brought in. You need to give him blood, but the hospital is all out of type B. Circle ALL the types of blood could you safely give him instead.

AB

EXPLAIN your choices

What if the bleeding patient had type AB blood and the hospital was out of AB blood. Circle ALL the types of blood could you safely give him. A B O EXPLAIN your choices

JERRY SPRINGER GENETICS: Wanda tells Jerry Springer that she thinks either Ralph or Fred could be the father of her baby. Wandas genotype is IAi. Wandas baby has type ii blood. Ralphs genotype is IAIB. Freds genotype is IBi. Illustrate the two crosses to show who could be the father of Wandas baby. Ralph x Wanda

Fred x Wanda

Is it possible for Ralph to be the babys father? Is it possible for Fred to be the babys father? Explain Your answer

Does this absolutely prove that Fred is the babys father?

If Wandas baby has type O blood what are the possible genotypes for men who COULD BE the father of Wandas baby ?

 MAKING HOMOZYGOUS DIHYBRID CROSSES: Illustrate a cross between a homozygous tall round plant and a homozygous short wrinkled plant. Parent genotype: Possible gametes: In Peas: R = round T= tall r=wrinkled t = short y = green peas p = white flowers

Y = yellow peas P = purple flowers

Out of the 16 possible outcomes how many will be: _______/16 Tall & Round _______ /16 Tall & Wrinkled _ /16 Short & Round _______ /16 Short & Wrinkles

MAKING HOMOZYGOUS DIHYBRID CROSSES Illustrate a cross between a homozygous tall and yellow pea plant and a homozygous short and green pea plant. Parent genotype: Possible gametes:

Out of the 16 possible outcomes how many will be: _______ Tall & Yellow _______ Tall & Green _ Short & Yellow _______ Short & Green

Patterning for Homozygous Dihybrid Crosses If you cross plants that are pure dominant for two traits with plants that are pure recessive for two traits, ________ % of the offspring will look both traits and the ________________ traits will not show at all. for

 Making Heterozygous Dihybrid Crosses Illustrate a cross between two heterozygous tall and round plants. Parent genotype: Possible gametes:

Out of the 16 possible outcomes how many will be: _______ Tall & Round _______ Tall & Wrinkled _ Short & Round _______ Short & Wrinkles

 Making Heterozygous Dihybrid Crosses Illustrate a cross between two heterozygous tall and yellow pea plants. Parent genotype: Possible gametes:

Out of the 16 possible outcomes how many will be: _______ Tall with Green Peas _______ Tall with Yellow Peas _ Short with Green Peas _______ Short with Yellow Peas

Patterning in Heterozygous Dihybrid Crosses If you cross 2 parent plants that are both heterozygous for two traits, the offspring will show a ____ : ____ : ____ : ____ phenotypic pattern. Fill in the blanks below with: Dominant or Recessive 9/16 of the offspring will show 3/16 will look 3/16 will look 1/16 will look traits. for trait 2. for trait 2.

for trait 1 and for trait 1 and for both traits.

Use the patterning to tell the possible offspring of a heterozygous dihybrid ross without using a Punnett Square: R = round T = tall RrTt X r =wrinkled t = short RrTt

9/16 will look ______________________ and _____________________ 3/16 will look ______________________ and _____________________ 3/16 will look ______________________ and _____________________ 1/16 will look ______________________ and _____________________ PpTt 9/16 will look ______________________ and _____________________ 3/16 will look ______________________ and _____________________ 3/16 will look ______________________ and _____________________ 1/16 will look ______________________ and _____________________ X PpTt P = purple T = tall p = white t = short

Rhett and Scarlett are expecting a baby. Rhetts rich uncle has promised them $1 million if their baby has blue eyes and is a boy to carry on the family name. Brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue eyes (b). Rhett has brown eyes. Scarlett has blue eyes. Fill in the Punnett square with Rhett and Scarletts possible gametes. Rhetts Genotype Possible gametes: BbXy Scarletts Genotype bbXX

What genotype does a baby need to be a blue eyed boy (and get the $1 million): Create a Punnett square to show the possible genotypes for their baby.

________ Brown eyed boys ________ Brown eyed girls ________ Blue eyed girls ________ Blue eyed boys What is the probability they will have a blue-eyed boy and get the $1 million?

Explain why this cross does not follow the 9:3:3:1 pattern for dihybrid (2 gene) crosses?