TECHNICAL DATA

STRENGTH OF BOLTS, SCREW PLUGS, AND DOWEL PINS

IBolt strength
1)When a bolt takes the tensile load
C C C C C Pt=tMAs C (1) C C 2) =Qd2t /4 C (

TECHNICAL DATA COMPARISON

OF DIE STEEL BY MANUFACTURERS HARDNESS OF MAJOR STEEL PRODUCTS AND CORRESPONDING TOOLS
Hardness in use HRC
13 28 33 40 HPM7 (HPM2T) HPM38 HPM77 PSL FDAC HPM1 CENA1 (HPM50) YCS3 SGT DAC CRD SLD (SLD8) HPM31 PX5 GO40F S-STAR G-STAR NAK101 DH2F NAK55 NAK80 YK30 GOA DHA1 DC1 DC11 DC53 PD613 DC12 YXM1 SUS440C HPM38 HPM38S YAG HPM75
*CENA1 is an updated steel for HPM50.

Pt :Axial tensile load [kgf] b:the bolts yield stress [kgf/mm2] [kgf/mm2] t :the bolts allowable stress (t=b/safety factor ) As: Effective bolt area [mm2] As=Qd2/4 (shaft diameter) [mm] d :Bolts effective diameter

IUnwin safety factor based on tensile strength Material Steel Cast iron Copper, soft metals
Allowable stress= Standard strength Safety factor

Comparison of die steel by manufacturers

Classification Steel types related to the foreign standards
JIS AISI DIN

Repeated load Static load Impact load Pulsating Reversed 3 4 5 5 6 5 8 10 9 12 15 15

Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Daido Steel Co., Ltd.

Uddeholm Kobe Steel Co., Ltd. Aichi Steel Works, Ltd. Nippon Koshuha Steel Co., Ltd. Sanyo Special Steel Co., Ltd.
UHB11 KTSM2A KTSM21 KTSM3A KTSM31 KTSM3M AUK1 AUK11 KPM1 KPM2 KPM25 KPM30 KSP1 QPD5 PC55 PCM28

NACHI

SC group SCM440 group

Standard strength:The yield strength for ductile materials The breaking stress for brittle materials
Pre hardened steel

SCM (revised)

HOLDAX IMPAX NIMAX STAVAX RAMAX RoyAlloy CORRAX

P20 group

(Example) The correct size is required for a socket head cap screw to take a repeat load (pulsating) with P= 200 kgf. (The materials of a socket head cap screw are: SCM435, 38~43HRC, strength category of 12.9.) Using formula (1) As=Pt / t =200/22.4 =8.9 [mm2] The bolt with an effective area larger than this is 2 M5 would be selected. required, and a 14.2 [mm ] Although, if we take into consideration the endurance strength, looking at the strength category of 12.9, we would choice the M6 with an allowable load of 213kgf. 2) For stripper bolts which recieve the impact load, the size is decided by the fatigue strength. (Likewise for a load of 200kgf, the stripper bolt would be SCM435, 33~38HRC, with a strength category of 10.9.) In the table to the right, the allowable load for a load over 200kgf for a strength category of 10.9 is as M8 at 318 (kgf) . Therefore, the MSB10 would be selected, with a screw diameter of 10mm like the M8. Please use dowel pins also to take the shearing load. The yield stress for a strength category of 12.9 isb=112 [kgf/mm2] The allowable stresst=b/safety factor (safety factor of 5 from the above table) =112/5 =22.4[kgf/mm2] IThe bolt endurance strength (For screws, the endurance strength is 2 million times use.) Strength category Effective 12.9 10.9 Bolt size bolt area As Fatigue strength* Allowable load Fatigue strength* Allowable load 2 kgf/mm2 kgf kgf/mm2 kgf mm 79 9.1 8.78 114 M 4 13.1 111 7.8 14.2 160 M 5 11.3 149 7.4 20.1 213 M 6 10.6 318 8.7 36.6 326 M 8 8.9 423 7.3 58 429 M10 7.4 548 6.5 84.3 565 M12 6.7 690 6 702 M14 115 6.1 895 5.7 911 M16 157 5.8 1250 5.1 1274 M20 245 5.2 1659 4.7 1659 M24 353 4.7
Fatigue strength*is an edited excerpt taken fromthe measured values of the endurance limit for small screws, bolts, and meter screws for nuts" (Yamamoto) .

SUS group SUS group (free cutting) *Includes free cutting components SUS group SKD61 group (free cutting) *Includes free cutting components Precipitation hardened steel group(free cutting) *Includes free cutting components Precipitation hardened steel group SKS93 SKS3 SKD61 SKD1 H13 D3 D2 D2 group A2 M2
S6-5-2 X40CrMoV51 X210Cr12

33 33 35

PROVA400

U630 KTSM41 KTSM40EF KTSM40E SK301 KDA KAP KAP2 K3M KS3 KDA KD1 KD11S KD21 KD12 H51

QSH6 QD6F

H13 group P21 group P21

X40CrMoV51

40 40 40 55~62 55~62 50 58 58 60 58 60 57 52 53 43

PCM40 QK3M QKS3 QD61 QC1 QC11 QCM8 QC12 QH51 QCD5 (powder) SPC5 QPD1 QPD5 QM300 SK3M SKS3 HDS61 CDS1 CDS11 MCR12 CDS12 SKH9 FAXR2 PROVA400

ARNE ORVAR SVERKER3

SKS3 SKD61 SKD1 SKD11

SKD11 Quench-and-temper steel SKD11 (revised) *8 Cr series SKD12 SKH51 SUS group SUS group Maraging steel Aging-treated steel Non-magnetic steel

SLEIPNER RIGOR

KAD181

AUD15 SKD12

MH51 ELMAX S-STAR MAS1C STAVAX KAS440 (powder)

KSP2 KSP3 KSP1 KMS18-20

IScrew plug strength

Allowable load P is required for screw plug MSW30 to recieve an impact load.(The . MSW30:S45C, the tensile strength b of 34~43HRC is 65kgf / mm2) When the root diameter section of Shear area A=root diameter d1MQML the MSW is ruptured due to (root diameter d1M-P) (M-P) QL= (30-1.5) QM12 A= shearing strain, =1074 [mm2] the allowance load P =tMA Yield stress0.9Mtensile strength b=0.9M65=58.2 =3.9M1074 Shear stress 0.8Myield stress =4188.6 [kgf] =46.6 Allowable shear stress t=shear stress/safety factor 12 =46.6/12=3.9 [kgf/mm2] When the tap is made of soft material, an allowable shear is required from the root diameter of the female screw.

Materials Nonferrous metal Untreated

(AI-alloi) SS400(SS41) S45C S50C SKD11 DC53

Machined materials Thermal refined

(Be-Cu) SCM435 HPM2T S45C HPM7 PX5 HPM38 S-STAR STAVAX 20 30 NAK55 HPM1 NAK80 CENA1 FDAC DH2F 40 SKS3

Quenched/Tempered
DC53 (Carbide) SKD11 SUJ2 SKH51

M Root diameter d1 P
Processing method
Equipment Required tools Tools

Parts materials

For press die

(AI)

(Electroforming ) /outside ( Agehardened ) MAS1C

ORVAR SUPREME

( Electroforming ) /inside

Tools materials

CU For plastic BsBM2 Mold

SKD61 STAVAX RIGOR

SKD61 50

YAG HPM38 S-STAR STAVAX RIGOR 60 70

HRC

10

Boring on flanks and bottom

General purpose milling cutter NC milling cutter Machining center Drilling machine

Drills Reamers End mills Cutting tools Drills Taps Reamers Cutting tools Drills Reamers Taps Cutting tools

Drills

High-speed steel

SKHWn-Co SKHWn-Co SKHWn-Co CBN D

Reamers Cemented carbide Taps High-speed steel Cemented carbide High-speed steel Cemented carbide Boron Diamond

IDowel pin strength

The correct size for a dowel pin is required in order for it to hold repeated shear load (pulsating) of 800kfg. (Material of the dowel pin is SUJ2, hardness of 58HRC~.) P=AM =QD2/4 D= (4P) (Q) / = (4M800) ( / 3.14M19.2) 7.3 The applicable yield stress of SUJ2 b=120 [kgf/mm2] Allowable shear strength=bM0.8/safety factor =120M0.8/5 =19.2 [kgf/mm2]
Cutting Boring

Drill press Boring machine Jig borer General purpose lathe

End mils Cutting tools

(Nonferrous metal)

(Carbide)

Machining cylinders

NC lathe Turning center Surface grinder

White fused alumina WA Brown fused alumina A Pink fused almina

PA

Use dowel pins so that screw parts have no loading.

Grinding

Cylindrical grinder Jig grinder Profile grinder Forming grinder E D M Electrode master Wire Magnets grindstone

Magnets grindstone

Green silicon carbide GC Black silicon carbide C Electrodeposited boron CBN Electrodeposited diamond D (Nonferrous metal) (Carbide) (Nonferrous metal)

A size of D8 or more is selected for a MS dowel pin. Also, the tools and stock etc can be reduced if the size of the dowel pin is consistently large. Everything noted here are only examples of strengths. In actual practice, the hole pitch precision, the perpendicular angle of the hole, surface coarseness, circularity, the plate materials, parallelism, whether its tempered or not, the precision of the injection molding machine, production quantity, tool wear, etc must be taken into consideration. Therefore these values should only be used as a guide. (These are not guaranteed figures.)

Electrode master Wire

Electrolytic copper Brass Copper tungsten Silver tungsten

Cu-W Cu-Zn W

Electroerosion
WEDM Brass Tungsten