A question about Uniformly Accelerated Linear Motion/ Kinematics?

2010-9-28 10:26:02 1. batman is sitting in the batmobile at a spotlight. As the light turns green, Robin passes Batman in his lime green pinto at a constant speed of 60km/h. If batman gives chase, accelerating at constant rate of 10km/h/s, determine am completely off on my answers a. how long it takes batman to attain same speed? answer :6.0 b. how far Batman travels in this time? ans: 50m c. how long it takes for Batman to catch up to robin? ans : 12.0s 2. A squash ball makes contact with a squash racquet and changes from 15m/s to 25m/s east in 0.10s. determine the vector acceleration of the squash ball

Answer
a. The units as given are OK for this one. The speed changes by 10 km/h each second, and he wants to get to 60 km/h. So 60/10 = 6 seconds. b. You can use d = (1/2)at^2 for this, but to get an answer in meters you're going to have to convert the acceleration to m/sec^2. To do that, convert the km to meters (multiply by 1000) and the hr to seconds (divide by 3600). c. You can use d = (1/2)at^2 again, and again you need the value of a in m/sec^2. This time t is unknown. It is going to be more than 6 seconds and Batman is going to continue to accelerate (he won't catch Robin if he stops accelerating when he gets to 60, because Robin is far ahead of him, also doing 60). In the same time, Robin goes d = v*t, but you're going to have to convert his speed to m/sec also. Batman catches Robin when these distances are the same. (1/2)at^2 = v*t You can divide out one factor of t (1/2)at = v and you can rearrange that to solve for v. Actually come to think of it, you can use the original units of km/hr for v and km/hr/sec for a, since they are compatible in this equation. You've got km/hr on both sides so that would be OK. Number 2, just use the definition of acceleration. You have the change in velocity. You have the time. a = (change in velocity)/time

In this post and in few of my posts to come, I would like to solve problems on linear motion,freely falling bodies,vertically projected up bodies and projectiles . 1.An object accelerates from rest to a velocity 20m/sec in 4seconds.If the uniform acceleration, find its acceleration and displacement in this time. Soln: From the data given in the problem we have, Initial velocity = u =0, final velocity v=20 m/sec, Time of journey t=4sec, Acceleration a = = =5 = 0 (4)+ object has

Displacement S = ut + S = 40m.

2.An object starting from rest moves with uniform acceleration of 3 its velocity and displacement after 6seconds. Soln: From the data given in the problem we have, Initial velocity of the object u = 0, Acceleration of the object a= 3 Time of journey t =6sec. Final velocity of the object v=u+at =0 + 3(6) = 18 m/sec. Displacement S= ut + S= 54m. 3.An object starting from rest moves with uniform acceleration of 4 displacement i) 5seconds ii) in 5th second iii) 8th second. = 0 (6)+ ,

for 6sec.Find

.Find its

Soln : From data given in the problem Initial velocity of the object u=0, Acceleration of the object a=4 i) time t=5 seconds, Displacement of the object S=ut + = 0 (5)+ ,

Displacement of the object in 5seconds S= 50m. ii) Displacement of the body in 5th second =? Let us substitute n=5 in the formula =0+4(5-1/2) = 4(4.5) =18m. iii)Displacement of the body in 8th second =? Let us substitute n=8 in the formula =0+4(8-1/2) = 4(7.5) =30m. 4.An object started moving with an initial velocity of 10m/sec, after traveling a distance of 5m gets a velocity 20m/sec.Find its i) acceleration ii) time taken for 5m displacement. soln: From the data given in the problem, Initial velocity of the object u=10m/sec, Final velocity of the object Displacement S=5m, i) acceleration a=? Substitute the values of u,v and S in the equation =2as, v= 20m/sec, =u+a(n-1/2) =u+a(n-1/2)

we get

=2a(5) .

300 = 10a or a = 300/10=30 ii)Time t=?

Substitute the values of u,v and a in the equation v=u+at, we get 20=10+(30)t ; 10=30t t =10/30 = 1/3 = 0.333 sec. 5.When an observer started observing a car its velocity was x m/sec , if it travels for 10sec with uniform acceleration 2.5 and its velocity increases to 75m/sec.Find i)

Initial velocity of the car ii) Displacement of the car in 10sec iii) Displacement of the car in first 5sec and last 5sec, what is your inference. Soln: From the data given in the problem, Initial velocity of the car u = x (say), Final velocity = 75m/sec, Acceleration a = 2.5 Time of journey t=10sec. i) Substitute the values of u,v,a and t in the equation v=u+at we get 75 = x+2.5(10) ; x=50 m/sec. ,

ii) Let the displacement of the car in 10sec be S Substitute the values of u,a and t in the equation S=ut + We get S = 50(10)+ ;

S = 500+125 ; s=675 m ii) Let the displacement in first 5sec be

Substitute t=5 sec and thve values of u and a in the equation we get =50(5) +

=ut +

= 250 + 31.25 = 281.25 m. Let the displacement in next 5sec be =S= 675 281.25 = 393.75 m We can observe that, even though the time of journey is same , Displacement of the body in second half its journey. 6 .A cheetah can accelerate from rest to 24.0 m/s in 6.70 s. Assuming constant acceleration, how far has the cheetah run in this time?(Question by suzi in yahoo answers). Soln: From the data given in the problem, Initial velocity of the cheetah u=0, Final velocity of cheetah Time t = 6.7sec Distance traveled by cheetah be S=? The equations of motion are and a = - - - - (2) =2 = S = 2aS- - (1) v=24 m/sec, > of

is greater than in the first half time

From equations (1) and (2) we get simplifying it we get S=

Substitute the values of u,v and t

we get S =

=12(6.7)=80.4 m

7) A car covers first halt of the distance between two places at a speed of 30 km/hr and the second half at a 90km/hr.What will be the average speed of the car? Soln: Method I: Let the total distance between the places be S. Time taken to cover First half = = = . = hours. = hours.

Time taken to cover Second half Total time t= + = + =

Average speed = Total distance /total time. = S/t = = 45km/hr. Method II (Short cut): If the body covers 1st half of distance with a speed x and the second half with a speed y,then the average speed = Average speed = .

latex \frac{2700}{60}$ = 45km/hr.

8) A body starts from rest and acqires a velocity of 400m/sec in 10seconds.Calculate the acceleration and distance traveled. Soln: From the data given in the problem Initial velocity of the body u=0, Time of journey t=10sec,

Final velocity v=400m/sec, Acceleration a=? and distance traveled in 10sec Substitute the values of u,v and t in the equation we get 400= (0)(10) + a (10) ; 10a=400 s=? v=u+at,

a= 40 Substitute the values of u,a and t in the equation S= ut + S=(0)(10)+ = 0+2000 = 2000m. second and 16m in second .

9) A body moving with uniform acceleration covers 6m in

second.Calculate the initial velocity,acceleration and distance moved in Soln: From the data given in the problem Distance moved in Distance moved in = a(4-2) =2a =16-6 =10 second second = 6m, = 16m,

therefore 2a = a = 5 m/

Substitute the values of we get

,a and n=2 in the equation

=u+a(n -1/2)

6=u+5(2-1/2) ; 6=u+7.5

u=-7.5 +6 = -1.5 m/sec.

Distance moved in the

Substitute the values of

second = u+a(6-1/2),
second=-1.5+5(5.5)

u,a in the above equation we get

second =-1.5+27.5 =26m. 10) An object started traveling with a velocity 2m/sec moves with an uniform acceleration of 3 m/ . a) , , seconds b) , , and

i) Find the ratio of displacements in seconds . ii)Find the ratio of velocities a) ,

seconds b)

seconds .

Soln: From the data given in the problem Initial velocity u=2 m/sec, Acceleration a =3 m/ , , , seconds

i- a) The ratio of displacements in From the formula : : : : : :

= (2u+a) : (2u+5a) : (2u+9a)

= (4+3) : (4+15) : (4+27) = 7:19:31 . , , seconds

i-b) The ratio of displacements in From the formula : : : : : :

= (2u+3a) : (2u+7a) : (2u+11a)

= (4+9) : (4+21) : (4+33) = 13 : 25 : 37 . : : :. . . . . . . .: = (u+a) : (u+2a) : (u+3a) : . .

ii -a) From the formula . . . . . . . : (u+na). The ratio of velocities : : a)

seconds

= (u+a) : (u+3a) : (u+5a) = 5 :11 : 17 . a) , , seconds

ii- b) The ratio of velocities : :

= (u+2a) : (u+4a) : (u+6a) =8 :1 4 :20 .

11) A body travels 200cm in the first two seconds and 220cm in the next four seconds.What will be the velocity at the end of the seventh second from the start? Soln: The displacement of the body in first 2 sec Let the initial velocity = u(say) , =200cm,

Acceleration = a(say), time = + ,

=2sec

Substitute the value of = 2u+ ,

in above equation, we get

= 2u +2a ; 2(u+a) =200 Therefore u+a = 100 - - - - - - - - - - (1)

Given that the body travels 220cm in next 4sec.That is from the start it displaces 200+220 = 420 cm in 6sec. Displacement time =6 sec, =u + , =420 cm,

substitute theses values in the equation = 6u+ =6u+18a,

6(u+3a) = 420 ; u+3a = 70 - - - - - - - - - - (2) Solving equations (1) and (2) we get 2a= -30 ; a=-15 cm/ or Eq (2) Eq(1) ,

Substitute value of a in Eq(1) we get u-15 = 100, u = 115 cm/sec. The velocity at the end of we get second v=u+a

v= 115+(-15)(6) =115-90 =25cm/sec.

Therefore final velocity v=25cm/sec.

12.A subway train starts from rest at a station and accelerates at a rate of 16.5 for 13.1 sec.It runs at constant speed for 69.7s and slows down at a rate of 3.45 until it stops at the next station.What is the total distance covered?

Soln: From the data given in the problem, Initial velocity of the train u = 0 m/sec, Acceleration a = 16.5 time t = 13.1 sec, Velocity after 13.1 sec v=? and the distance traveled =? ,

Substitute the values in the equation v =u+at we get v= 0+(16.5)(13.1) = 216.15 m/sec. Substitute in equation we get = (0)(13.1)+ = ut +

= 0+1415.78 =1415.78 m After that the train travels with velocity v=216.15 m/sec for 69.7sec. calculate distance traveled during this time. =? = vt = (216.15)(69.7)=15065.66 m and comes to rest.find distance

v=216.15 m/sec, t = 69.7 sec substitute the values in equation

Finally the trains decelerates at the rate of 3.45 traveled before coming to rest. Acceleration a = -3.45 ,

Initial velocity u = 216.15m/sec,

Final velocity v=0, distance traveled =? = 2as,

substitute the values in we get -6.90 = 2(-3.45) = -46720.82

= 6771.13.