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Bluetooth wireless technology is a cable replacement technology that provides wireless communication between portable devices, desktop devices and peripherals.
It is used to swap data and synchronize files between devices without having to connect each other with cable.
The wireless link has a range of 10m which offers the user mobility.
Bluetooth was intended to unify different technologies like computers and mobile phones
History
The technology was born in 1994 The first version was released in July 1999
1998 Intel ,Ericsson, IBM ,Nokia and Toshiba formed the Bluetooth special Interest Group December 1999 add 3COM, Microsoft, lucent and Motorola
Today 800 companies worldwide are member of the Bluetooth SIG
The name is inspired by the historical King Bluetooth(Harold Bluetooth), who united the Scandinavian countries.
The Bluetooth logo is a Bind rune merging the Younger Futhar runes Hagall and Bjarkan Herald's initial
2009 - Bluetooth Core Specification Version 3.0 + HS (High Speed) is adopted by the BLUETOOTH
1998: Bluetooth technology is officially introduced and the BLUETOOTH SIG is formed.
1999 - Bluetooth 1.0 Specification is introduced.
2007 - Bluetooth Core Specification Version 2.1 + EDR is adopted by the BLUETOOTH SIG.
2005 - Devices using Version 2.0 + EDR begin to hit the market in late 2005
In the Office
While in a meeting,
On the road
Features
Short range wireless connectivity. Low power consumption
Automatic recognition
Bluetooth Card
Documentation
Specification describes
how the technology works, i.e., the Bluetooth protocol architecture.
Protocols:
Uses 2.4 GHz ISM band, same as 802.11b/g Generally low power Class 3 (1mW) for most devices Some Class 1(100mW) devices exist
Radio Specification
PDU format: The Bluetooth system is operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial Scientific Medicine) band. The regulatory range of this frequency band is 2.400 2.4835 GHz. The Bluetooth radio accomplishes spectrum spreading by in 79 hops displaced by 1 MHz Radio modulation uses GFSK.
Network Topologies:
There can be three type of topologies:
Single slave Multi slave ( upto 7 slaves)/Piconet Scatternet
Piconet
Slave
Master
Scatternets
Scatternet s are two or more independent and non-synchronized Piconets that communicate with each other i.e. Scatternet = set of piconet
Master determines hopping sequence, slaves have to synchronize
piconets
Scatternet
Security
Using a shared secret (PIN), exchange random number to form key Key used to derive session key for future comms
Key features
Robustness Low complexity Low power: battery powered Fast acknowledgement Fast frequency hopping scheme Shorter packets Session
Advantages
Frequency Hopping
Low power & cost No line-of-sight required Low overhead Voice/Data support
Ad-hoc networking
Disadvantages
Slower speeds Connection in busy environments
Range
Security Limit of 8 devices
Applications
1. Wireless networking between laptops and desktop computers, or desktops that are in a confined space and little bandwidth is needed. 2. Peripherals such as mice, keyboards, and printers. 3. Cell phones with Bluetooth technology have been sold in large numbers, as they are able to connect to computers, PDAs (Personal Data Assistant), and various other devices. 4. The transfer of files, images and MP3, between mobile phones. 5. Certain MP3 players and digital cameras to transfer files to and from computers. 6. Bluetooth technology headsets for smart phones and cell phones. 7. Data logging equipment that transmits data to a computer via Bluetooth technology
Applications
GENERAL
INDUSTRIAL
With PLC
Bluetooth v1.1(ratifiedasIEEEstandard802.15.1-2002)
Bluetooth v1.2(faster connection and discovery) Bluetooth v2.0+EDR(enhanced data rate) Bluetooth v2.1(secure simple pairing-SSP) Bluetooth v3.0(high speed data transfer)
Bluetooth v4.0(lowenergyconsumptionrecentlyusedinapplei-phone4S)zz
AT+ADDR?
+ADDR: <Param> OK
Bluetooth address will show as this way: NAP: UAP: LAP(Hexadecimal) Example: Module Bluetooth address: 12: 34: 56: ab: cd: ef at+addr?\r\n +ADDR:1234:56:abcdef OK
Destination Address
Response
Parameter
AT+ UART?
Param1: baud rate( bits/s) The value (Decimal) should be one of the following: 4800 9600 19200 38400 + UART=<Param>,<Pa 57600 115200 ra 23400 m2>,<Param3> 460800 OK 921600 1382400 Param2:stop bit: 0----1 bit 1----2 bits Param3: parity bit
Example: Set baud rate to be 115200, stop bit to be 2 bits, parity bit to be even parity. AT+UART=115200,1,2,\r\n OK AT+UART? +UART:115200,1,2 OK
Param1:time interval of inquiring Param2: duration in inquiring Param3: time interval of paging Param4: duration in paging The above parameters are decimal. Default:1024,512,1024,512
AT+CMODE=<Par am>
OK
Param: 0----connect the module to the specified Bluetooth address. (Bluetooth address can be specified by the binding command)
1----connect the module to any Address
AT+ CMODE?
+ CMODE:<Param> OK