USB System Architecture

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 Shortcomings of the Original PC I/O
Paradigm
Limited System Resources

Interrupt Lines Shortage

I/O address conflicts

Non-shareable Interfaces

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 USB Paradigm
 A single connector type to connect any PC
peripheral
 Ability to attach many peripheral devices to
the same connector
 A method of easing the system resource
conflicts
 Hot plug support
Automatic detection and configuration of
peripheral devices

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 USB Transmission Rates

 1.5Mb/s – Low Speed Device. [USB 1.0]

 12Mb/s - Full Speed Device. [USB 1.1]

 480Mb/s – High Speed Device. [USB 2.0]

 4.8Gb/s - Super Speed Device. [USB 3.0]

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U S B S y s te m in a P C I P la tfo rm

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USB Features

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USB 2.0 Hierarchy

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 Interrupt Transfers

Interrupt-driven devices in legacy PC

implementations
USB keyboard
Must be polled periodically to see if the device
has data to transfer

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 Bulk transfer

 Transferring large blocks of data

that have no periodic or transfer rate requirement
 USB printer
 Delivered slowly

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 Isochronous transfer

 Transfer requires a constant delivery rate

 USB microphone and speaker
 To ensure that no frequency distortion
results from transferring data across the USB

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 Control transfer

 During device configuration

 USB Automatic configuration
 A special transfer sequence

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 Frame-Based Transfers

USB is shared by a wide variety of devices, a mix

of USB transfer types will likely be performed
during each 1ms frame.

 Interrupt and Isochronous transfers must occur

at fixed intervals, they have a special priority
during the execution of each frame (90%)
 Control Transfers(10%)
 Bulk transfers are allocated the remainder of
the available bandwidth
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Endpoint Descriptor

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 Conclusion
Each endpoint within a given USB device
has particular characteristics that dictate how
it must be accessed. The transfer
characteristics relate to the requirements of
the application. The above discussed four
transfer types have been defined
by the USB specification, each of which
reflects the nature of transfers that may
be required by a USB device endpoint

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