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- PRESFUERZO AXIAL
W= 2 Ton/ mL
P= 90 Ton
L= 6.00 m
a).- Propiedades Geometricas
>> Area= bh
A= 15 cm * 60 cm
900
cm 2
3
>> I= bh
12
>> S =
[15 cm][60]
12
270000 cm 4
I
C
270000 cm4 =
30 cm
9000
cm 3
M=
WL2 =
8
9 Ton/m * 100 =
900000
c =
P
A
c =
90,000 Kg
900 cm2
100
Kg/cm 2
Ton/m
kg - cm
>>
ft= fc = Mc =
I
M
S
ft = 900,000 Kg - cm =
9,000 cm3
Presfuerzo Axial
100
Kg/cm 2
[]
Carga W
100 Kg/ cm2
60 cm
C
C= 30 cm
15 cm
t
c = 100 Kg/cm2
P= 90 Ton
60 cm
C=
30 cm
90 Ton
15 cm
Datos:
b=
h=
15
60
cm
cm
c=
L=
30
6
cm
m
W=
P=
2
90,000
Ton/mL
kg
Presfuerzo
excentrico
Total
200 Kg/cm2
c= 0.00 Kg/cm2
200 Kg/cm2
W= 3 Ton/mL
P= 45 Ton
L= 6.00 m
a).- Estado de esfuerzos en L/2
>>
fi = fs = - P P.e M
A
900
cm 2
9000
cm 3
A = bh = 15 cm* 60 cm =
S = bh
6
2
M= WL =
8
900000
Ton/m =
Kg - cm
900 cm
-50
fi = fs =
9000 cm
Kg/cm 2
Presfuerzo axial
fs
-50
kg/cm2
60 cm
15 cm
9000 cm
50
Kg/cm 2
Presfuerzo excentrico
50 kg/cm2
fi
-50
kg/cm2
-50 kg/cm2
P= 45 Ton
h/6
15 cm
fi = Esfuerzo en la fibra inferior
P= 45 Ton
100
b=
h=
Datos:
15
60
L=
W=
6
2
P=
45,000
Kg
e=
10
cm
Kg/cm 2
Cargas externas
Total
-100 kg/cm2
-100
kg/cm2
cm
cm
m
Ton/mL
60 cm
W= 2 Ton/Ml
P= 22.5 Ton
L= 6.00 m
>> Compresion ( - )
>> Tension
(+)
a).- Esfuerzo al centro del claro
fi = fs = - P P.e M
A
S
900
cm 2
9000
cm 3
A = bh = 15 cm* 60 cm =
S = bh
6
M= WL2 =
8
900000
Ton/m =
Kg - cm
900 cm
fi = fs =
por lo tanto:
-25
-25
-25
9000 cm
Kg/cm 2
Kg/cm
9000 cm
Kg/cm2
2
Kg/cm 2
62.5
-62.5
Kg/cm2
62.5
37.5
Kg/cm2
Kg/cm
=
=
-87.5
37.5
-100
-87.5
Kg/cm2
100
60 cm
P= 22.5 Ton
100
e = 25 cm
b=
h=
L=
W=
P=
15 cm
Datos:
15
60
6
2
22,500
e=
25
Kg/cm 2
Kg/cm2
Kg/cm2
compresion
-100
Kg/cm2
-62.5 Kg/cm2
cm
cm
m
Ton/mL
Kg
cm
Tension
Kg/cm2
12.5
Kg/cm2
EJEMPLO # 2
50 cm
17.5 cm
7.5 cm
20 cm
1).- Propiedades geometricas ...
A = bh = 20 cm*50 cm =
S=
bh2
cm 3
1000
2
8333.333
W o=
MPP=
240
3000
12500
(4 torones)(14,000 Kg) =
56000
Wsl =
8
5600
Kg
+ P
A
5600
Kg
P.e
S
fibra inferior =
fibra superior =
17.36
Kg/cm 2
-6.16
Kg/cm 2
8333.33 cm3
8333.33 cm3
c =
350
0.8
Kg/cm2
*
f'c
(0.8)(350 Kg/cm2) =
280
0.6
f'ci
(0.6)(280 Kg/cm2) =
168
fibra superior
>> Tension
t =
0.8f'ci =
0.8 280 =
2
13.3865604 Kg/cm
c =
0.45
f'c
f'c
(0.45)(350 Kg/cm ) =
157.5
t =
0.6
CONCEPTO
P /A = 56,000/1000
2
11.2249722 Kg/cm
0.6 350 =
FIBRA INFERIOR
FIBRA SUPERIOR
-56
-56
-56
-56
-117.6
117.6
36
-36
17.36
-6.16
Transferencia [Suma]
-120.24
19.44
Mcs/S= 1'250,000/8333.33
150
-150
17.36
-6.16
47.12
-136.72
P /A = 56,000/1000
P.e/S = (56,000*17.5)/8333.33
MPP/S= 300000/8333.33
Perdidas de presfuerzo [10%]
NOTA.- No pasa por limites [Para este ejemplo] Si modificamos la cantidad de torones este res
f'c=
er
1 tanteo=
Tension T=
Perdidas =
L=
b=
h=
concreto=
e=
Ws=
350
4
14,000
10%
10%
10
20
50
2400
17.5
1000
DATOS
2
Kg/cm
torones de
1/2"
kg
perdidas iniciales =
perdidas a largo plazo =
m
cm
0.2
cm
0.5
Kg/cm2
cm
Kg/m
cm 3
Kg/m
Kg.m
300000
Kg-cm
Kg.m
1250000
Kg-cm
Kg
0.1
0.1
m
m
Kg/cm 2
Kg/cm 2
Kg/cm 2
FIBRA SUPERIOR
DEBIDOS
-56
Presfuerzo axial
-56
117.6
Presfuerzo axial
Presfuerzo excentrico
-36
Peso propio
-6.16
Perdidas instaneas
19.44
Total en transferencia
-150
Sobrecarga
-6.16
-136.72
finales
38
10
10
1.35
135
15
Secciones macizas
(200)(8.6) =
1720
2
3
4
[(124+200)/2]*3.4 =
[(106+124)/2]*7 =
(81+106/2)*116 =
550.8
805
10846
1
2
3
Secciones huecas
[(68+88)/2]*10 =
[(70+40)/2]*15 =
[(88+70)/2]+85 =
-780
-825
-6715
Ai
A i
Yi
AiYi
1
2
3
1720
550.8
805
1720
2270.8
3075.8
130.7
124.57
119.59
224804
68613.156
96269.95
4
1
2
3
10846
-780
-6715
-825
60.58
119.77
74.11
23.18
13921.8
13141.8
6426.8
5601.8
5601.80
657050.68
-93420.6
-497648.65
-19123.5
436545.036
Ai Yi
HUECA
MACIZA
SECCION
Ai
I=
Ic + Ad
436545.04
77.93
5601.80
I=
14770243.69 cm 4
A=
I=
Y1=
Y2=
5601.80
14770243.69
77.93
57.07
cm 2
cm 4
cm
cm
44.45
CENTROIDE
20.12
77.93
I + Ad2 =
4
Por lo tanto:
Ac =
Ic =
Y1 =
Y2 =
Y2* =
8137.26
cm 2
22095176.87
cm 4
98.05
36.95
51.95
cm
cm
cm
DATOS GENERALES
>> Propiedades geometricas de la seccion simple
A=
I =
Y1 =
Y2 =
5601.80
14770243.69
77.93
57.07
cm 2
cm 4
cm
cm
Ic =
8137.26
22095176.87
98.05
36.95
51.95
cm 2
cm 4
cm
cm
cm
>> Materiales
Trabre prefabricada =
Firme de compresion =
Acero de presfuerzo =
Torones=
f'c =
f'c =
Fpu =
350
250
19000
1/2"
Kg/cm 2
Kg/cm 2
Kg/cm 2
>> Cargas
Wo
W 'f
Wd
WL
=
=
=
=
1344.43
720
508
2454
Kg/m
Kg/m
Kg/m
Kg/m
C.g.S =
e=
77.93-7.3 =
70.61
cm
7.3
T=
392000
Kg
3).- PERDIDAS
Por experiencia en prefabricados las perdidas totales son de 18 a 25% de las cuales el 40%aproximadamente s
Para este caso consideraremos 20% de perdidas totales:
>> Fuerza con perdida total =
>> Perdidas instantaneas =
78400
31360
(392,000 Kg)(0.20) =
(78,400 Kg)(0.40) =
Presfuerzo =
392,000 Kg - 31360 Kg =
360640
Kg
WofL2 =
8
M=
96799.1
Kg-m
Isimple
1 = _ 360,640 Kg
5,601.8 cm
1 =
-64.38
Isimple
_ (360,640 Kg)(70.61 cm)(77.93 cm)
14'770,244 cm4
-134.35
51.07
-147.66
5,601.8 cm
2 =
-64.38
14'770,244 cm
98.39
-37.4
14'770,244 cm
=
-3.39
Esfuerzos debido al
esfuerzo axial
-64.38
Y2=57.07 cm
C
(-)
e = 70.61 cm
C
(-)
Y1=77.93 cm
-64.38
5).- ESFUERZOS PERMIZIBLES EN TRANSFERENCIA
>> Fibra extrema a compresion = 0.60 f'ci
>> Fibra extrema a tension = 0.80 f'ci
>> Fibra extrema a tension en los extremos de elementos simplemente apoyados = 1.6 f'ci
Donde:
f'ci = Resistencia del concreto en el momento de la transferencia [0.8 f'c]
0.8 *350
280
Kg/cm
Por lo tanto:
0.6 f'ci
-168
0.8 f'ci
13.39
L
Fibra inferior =
Kg/cm
[compresion]
[tension]
Fibra superior=
Kg/cm2
Y2=57.07 cm
e = 70.61 cm
1 y 2 =
Y1=77.93 cm
Isimple
SUSTITUYENDO:
>> Esfuerzo fibra superior
1 =
1 =
47,040 Kg
2
5,601.8 cm
8.40
17.52
=
=
2 =
2 =
47,040 Kg
5,601.8 cm2
8.40
-12.83
-4.44
Esfuerzos debidos al
presfuerzo
8.40
Y2=57.07 cm
e = 70.61 cm
Y1=77.93 cm
T
(+)
8.40
51.84x105
1 = Mf * (Y1 o Y2) =
I
1 =
5
1 = (51.84x10 Kg-cm)(57.07 cm) =
14'770,244 cm
0.2735135
-0.200304
Y2=57.07 cm
e = 70.61 cm
Y1=77.93 cm
(508 Kg/m)(24)2 =
8
36576
ISC
1' =
2' =
2* =
-0.061168497
0.162308329
-0.085999255
(2,454 Kg/m)(24)2 =
8
176688
ISC
1' =
0.784064253
22'095,117 cm4
2' =
2* =
-0.295487186
-0.415437346
-157.5
Kg/cm2
29.93
Kg/cm2
RESUMEN:
2
>
>
fibra inferior =
-157.5 Kg/cm
fibra superior =
-157.5 Kg/cm
Mu =
/3 (CV + I)]
NOTA: Los factores de carga varian segn el reglamento en funcion del elemento prefa
b= 200
C=T
f*c
f*c
f''c
f''c
Asp * fsp
b * f"c
=
=
=
=
0.8
280
0.6
168
fs =
Pp=
28.1
=
(200)(142.7)
28.1
28540
0.000985
17954.68
(28.1)(17,958.32)
(200)(170)
14.8
0.9 MN
61423199
cm
<
68247999
Kg/cm 2
15 cm [del firme]
Kg-cm
Kg-cm
Por lo tanto :
MR < M N
NOTA: No pasa y se requiere de acero de refuerzo
b= 200
DATOS
Var.
fy refuerzo =
Asr =
Trefuerzo =
Tpresfuerzo=
#4
2
Kg/cm
4200
2.54
10668
504490.5672
a=
1.27
Kg/cm2
Kg
Kg
515158.57
15.15
T
=
b * f"c
MR1 =
0.9
MR2 =
0.9
MRtotal =
613519.7 + 12973.54 =
M 1 + M2
613519.6805
626493.22 Kg-m
cm
12973.53881
MAGR =
Momento de agrietamiento
Mr > (1.5 - 0.3 Ip) MAGR
M1 =
MPP + MF
M1 =
96.768
x 10 Kg.cm
M1 =
148.61
x 10 5 Kg.cm
M2 =
Isc
M2 =
22'095,177
98.05
M2 =
297.14
x 10 Kg.cm
x 10 5 Kg.cm
Asp * fsp
Asp * fsp + As * fy
factor =
MAGR =
51.84
Yisc
Ip =
(18)(17954)
=
(18)(17954)+(2.54)(4200)
148.61 + 297.14=
1.21
MAGR =
323184.2199
333852.2199
1.21
445.75
x 10 5 Kg.cm
539.36
x 10 5 Kg.cm
<
CORTANTE
POSICION
un peralte
L/4
X (m)
1.35
6
CM
27391.6
11959.6
CV
25135
11411
23370.6
MOMENTO
CM
CV
39322
37518
136666
132516
269182
26918200.00
RESTRICCIONES
Vu maximo =
FR bd f*c
2.5
0.5 FR bd f*c
VCR
Vdp
M
<
2.5
d=
d=
Vmax =
FR =
b=
Asp * fsp * dp + As * fy * ds
Asp * fsp + As * fy
(28.1)(17,954.68)(142.7) + (2.54)(4200)(145)
(28.1)(17,954.68) + (2.54)(4200)
(2.5)(0.8)(20)(143) 280 =
Vmax =
95545
VCR =
0.5
VCR =
FR bd f*c
Kg
>
95544.99
Kg
Vu
FR bd f*c
(0.5)(0.8)(20)(143)280 =
19108.998
Kg
<
S=
FR* Av*fy*d
Vu - VCR
S1 =
S2 =
FR* Av*fy
3.5 b
(0.8)(2*1.27)(4200)(143) =
90068.2 - 19109
(0.8)(2*1.27)(4200) =
3.5 * 20
1218265.4
70959.249
17.17
8534.4
70
121.92
Se propone estribos de # 4 @ 15 cm
15).- REVISION EN L/4 COMO PRESFORZADA
RESTRICCIONES
0.5
FR bd f*c
0.5
FR bd f*c =
1.3
FR bd f*c =
VCR
(0.5)(0.8)(20)(143) 280 =
(1.3)(0.8)(20)(143) 280 =
1.3
19109
49683
Kg
Kg
VCR L/4 =
19881
Kg
VCR L/4 =
19881
Kg
VCR L/4 =
19108.99759
<
Vu =
40271.31333
19881
0.71
0.8(2*0.71)(4200)(143) =
40271.31-19881
1.42
681077.49
20390
33.40
Proponemos estribos # 3 @ 30 cm
RESTRICCION A LA SEPARACION DE ESTRIBOS
1).- S > 5 cm
2).- Si Vu > VCR pero Vu < VCR =
3).- Si Vu >
1.5
1.5
FR bd f*c
FR bd f*c
max =
REVISANDO
< Vu1peralte =
(1.5)(0.8)(20)(143) 280 =
57327
Kg
>
(0.75)(143)=
VuL/4 =
(0.37)(143)=
53
>
107.1
>
Teorica =
PRESF = - 1 * Pi * e * L =
Eci =
8 Eci * Issimple
PRESF =
-0.125
PRESF =
-5.17
5 *
384
Wpp * L
E * Issimple
PP =
0.01302083
PP =
1.5
cm
4.4591E+14
3.8686E+12
1.6E+13
3.869E+12
14000350 =
c=
-3.67
cm
10.5
cm
firme =
5/384(Wf/E * L /Isc
firme =
1.83
cm
f =
-3.37
cm
10.5
cm
(CONTRAFLECHA)
0.01302083
> final
1.68542E+14
5.78708E+12
2
200
68
40
10
38
15
81
SECCION MACIZA
200
8.6
200
3.4
124
124
7
106
106
116
81
Ii
10600.93333
520.8723512
3280.372464
12089524.41
6464.387464
4025498.681
15085.22727
cm
h (b +4bB+B )
36(b+B)
24+(550.8)(46.64) ] + [3,280.372+(805)(41.66) ] +
DATOS
f'cfirme =
250
f'cseccion=
350
N=
7.5
15
0.15
N=
51.95 Y2*
Y2
36.95
f'cfirme =
f'cseccion
0.8451543
bfirme =
(200 cm)(0.845154) =
Afirme =
Yfirme =
135 + 7.5 =
Ifirme =
(169)(15)3 =
12
135
A f * Yf =
135
A s * Ys =
98.05 Y1
01.80 cm (20.12) ] =
22095176.87
cm 4
Af =
2535.46
As =
5601.80
Ac =
8137.26
Yc =
797848.48
8137.26
Yc =
98.05
15
13
TOTAL
cm
0.2
0.4
Kg
Kg
313600
9679910.4
Kg-cm
0 Kg-cm)(77.93 cm)
Kg/cm 2
g-cm)(57.07 cm)
Kg/cm 2
Esfuerzos debido al
esfuerzo excentrico
Esfuerzos debido al
Pa Pa
98.39
-37.4
T (+)
C (-)
Totales
-3.39
C (-)
T (+)
-134.35
51.07
-147.66
.39 Kg/cm2
180
>
-147.66
<
13.39
.39 Kg/cm2
180
>
-3.39
<
13.39
25.92
Esfuerzo debido al
presfuerzo excentrico
totales
-12.83
C (-)
-4.44
C (-)
T (+)
17.52
Kg-cm
27.35
Kg/cm 2
-20.03
Kg/cm 2
-20.03
C (-)
T (+)
27.35
T (+)
25.92
Kg-m
36.576
x 10 5 Kg-cm
16.23
Kg/cm 2
[fi]
-6.12
Kg/cm 2
[fs]
-8.60
Kg/cm 2
[firme]
-8.60
C (-)
-6.12
T
(+)
16.23
Kg.m
78.41
5
176.688 x10 Kg-cm
Kg/cm 2
[fi]
-29.55
Kg/cm 2
[fs]
-41.54
Kg/cm 2
[firme]
-41.54
C (-)
-29.55
T
(+)
78.41
-3.39
-4.44
C (-)
C (-)
T (+)
-147.66
25.92
[Compresion]
[Tension]
<
29.93 Kg/cm
<
29.93 Kg/cm
0.25
Kg/cm
-63.52
Kg/cm
producido en planta
6) + 5/3 (176,688)] =
623603.64
Kg.m
15
C
d-a/2
150
Tsp
7.3
f'c
f*c
Redondeamos
=
614231.9915
Asp =
b=
d=
f"c =
682479.9905
28.1
200
142.7
170
Kg-cm
7.3
15
C
dp =
142.7
dr= 145
Tsp
7.3
Kg-m
[Presfuerzo]
Kg-m
[Refuerzo]
>
Mu =
623603.64 Kg-m
05 . 77.93]
44
Asp=
18
0.97
Mu =
5
623603.64 x 10 Kg.cm
Mx = R1X
- WX2
2
Vu =
1.3
Vu =
1.3
Vu =
90068.25
Kg
1 peralte
Vu =
1.3
Vu =
40271.31
totalmente
0.8
20
73537663.94
515158.5672
Vu
143
cm
Kg
cm
cm
FR bd f*c
Kg
[Requiere estribos]
49683
cm
max =
0.75
0.37
90068.2
Kg
40271.3
Teorica =
30 cm [RIGE]
261916
Kg
15 cm [RIGE]
dado en normas]
DATOS
101
8.6
4.3
3.4
1.7
3.5
L=
24
f'c =
350
m
Kg/cm2
f'c =
250
Kg/cm2
Fpu =
torones
Wd =
WL =
19000
1/2"
254
1,227
Kg/cm2
concreto=
2400
kg/m3
T=
14000
kg
50.5
15
15
SECCION HUECA
68
10
Kg/m
Kg/m
del trapecio
88
70
15
40
88
85
70
DATOS
2
Kg/cm
Kg/cm2
250
350
(200 cm)(0.845154) =
169
2535.46
cm
cm2
135 + 7.5 =
142.5
cm
361303.44
cm3
4
47539.9 cm
cm2
cm2
cm2
cm
436545.04 cm
3
797848.48 cm
70.61
cm
10
cm
cm
-8.60
-20.03
C (-)
-6.12
C (-)
C (-)
T (+)
T
(+)
T
(+)
(+)
27.35
16.23
(+)
78.41
TR
S
2400
508
2454
-41.54
-50.14
-29.55
-63.52
0.25