CONTRIBUTION OF CHEMISTRY TO OTHER SCIENCES

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE Chemical principles are important in modern cell biology because all living cells are made up of chemicals and many chemical processes occur in various living organisms. Chemistry is the one science in which all the other sciences are based. In biology you learn about living organisms and their composition. Organisms are alive because of chemistry - Why we breathe oxygen, how we make energy, elimination of waste products, cellular respiration, etc. All of these are based on how living organisms use chemistry to live. MEDICINE Chemistry is a huge part of medicine, both as a diagnostic and treatment tool. Chemistry departments in hospital medical labs analyze blood, urine, etc. for proteins, sugars (glucose in the urine is a sign of diabetes), and other metabolic and inorganic substances. Electrolyte tests are a routine blood analysis, testing things like potassium and sodium. Most medications are involved with inhibiting a specific enzyme or the expression of a gene. Blocking an enzyme's active site requires a specifically designed "blocker" to disable the enzyme's function. Since enzymes are proteins, their functions differ based on shape and inhibitor drugs must be customized for each target enzyme. This requires chemistry! While the concept of RNA interference (RNAi) is more on the biological side, the engineering of chemicals to inhibit the translation of mRNA into an amino acid sequence by ribosomes requires chemistry. In RNAi, a designed piece of double-stranded RNA literally chops up mRNA to prevent it from undergoing translation. PHYSICS Knowledge of how certain material reacts to certain things. In physics for example, you would be studying how much pressure an element gets. However, in chemistry, you would be studying how the element reacts to the pressure, perhaps shattering. This way, physicians would know if an element can take the pressure without shattering. Furthermore, the study of elements, substances, and their interaction has lead physicians to be able to make materials that enable them to make their labs and tests. NURSING Chemistry research developed the chemicals and methods used to do test on patients urine, blood, and many others saliva. chemistry research developed the medicine and the pain relievers prescribed by practitioner. Usin chemistry we can evaluate the nutririon content of our food as well as its energy content; and protect us from harmfull bacteria. AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Modern agricultural science is heavily reliant on chemistry. The Haber process for production of ammonia helped the development of modern fertilizers. All of these are chemical based and rely on chemistry. Testing soils may often use physical tests but also employ chemical analysis. Some of the products of agriculture such as oils (castor, rapeseed, linseed and others) are chemically processed to make them into other useful products. Soyabean and Linseed oil are used in painst for example. Castor oil can be reacted with epichlorohydrin to produce an epoxy resin flexibilizer. NUTRITION Nutrition is defined as the process of intake of nutrients and its utilization by an organism for various metabolic activities. Without chemistry, we cannot understand the concept of nutrients because nutrients are of two types i.e. organic (like - CO2 & H2O) and inorganic (Carbbohydrates,proteins,fats). PSYCHOLOGY Chemistry and psychology are related through psychiatric drugs, which utilize chemistry to manipulate the molecules of the body to act in different ways. These two fields are also connected through the understanding of the human body, specifically the brain. It is impossible for anyone in the field of psychology to practice if they do not have a thorough understanding of the chemical reactions that occur in the brain and how they effect human behavior.