International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology ENGINEERING (IJCET), ISSN 0976INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER 6367(Print), ISSN 0976

6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May June & TECHNOLOGY (IJCET) (2013), IAEME

ISSN 0976 6367(Print) ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May-June (2013), pp. 23-31 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijcet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 6.1302 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJCET
IAEME

SIGNATURE SEEKING DRIVE FOR INCENTIVE BASED AD DISSEMINATION IN VEHICULAR NETWORKS

Dr.S.Rajalakshmi1, S.T.Tharani2
1

Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions

ABSTRACT This paper explores the concept of vehicular adhoc network (VANET).Here, the communication nodes are vehicles. Each and every vehicle can communicate with each other and also can communicate with infrastructure for some service. This infrastructure is imagined to be presented along the roads. By using this vehicular adhoc network, the users can have more benefits and services. A promising application over vehicular adhoc network is, an advertiser can use this VANET to distribute their ads through vehicle to vehicle communication. Due to the non-cooperative node (Selfish and malicious nodes), this ad system cannot be realized until the correct incentives and security process are in place. The work describes the Signature Seeking Drive which is the secure framework, which performs the cooperative distribution of ad message between vehicular users in secure manner. The Public Key Infrastructure provided incentive to cooperative nodes. Our proposed work also search to develop an incentive system in which an ad provider can provides the rewards directly to the users and pedestrians also distribute their ads through their smart PDAs. Keywords - Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), Ad Dissemination, Incentive, Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). I. INTRODUCTION

This work introduced the vehicular ad hoc network, which performs on the road through the smart vehicle consists of computing resources, sensing devices and short range radios for communicating with other vehicles and also roadside infrastructure.Here,the main thing is networks on the road and it gives some services. An ad distribution through vehicle
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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May June (2013), IAEME

to vehicle communication is the most truthful application over the networks. By using this system an ads can be distributed through vehicle to roadside communication by ad provider. Then other vehicles start to distribute those ads by forwarding them to another vehicle while moving when it received the information. Similarly each vehicle can forward those ads continuously for a particular time period. In this, the selfish users dont want to forward the ads whenever it received the ads. The network by sending out dummy ads, without correct security, thats why the incentive and security process has been taken. In such system, Public Key Infrastructure is the best way to satisfy the security requirements in vehicle communication by digital signature. It gives its certified identity and secure location verify scheme. By this authentication, security in VANETs becomes strong. This paper presented one secure incentive framework for ad distribution in VANET which is named as Signature Seeking Drive (SSD). It provides incentive to the users based on their ad services. It just likes a reward which is provided by micropayment charging/rewarding scheme. During the driving, it may collect many receipts. By using this receipt, user can exchange the receipt to virtual cashier and get some cash from receipt-providing nodes. By using this virtual cash, users can fill the gas for their vehicles in gas station. Goal of the paper Advertisers in all those types probably want to spread their ads in secure manner.However,from a viewpoint of vehicle users, those commercial ads are only give the benefit to the business companies and they are exploiting vehicle users resources for their own profit. Users probably want some type of incentive to stimulate cooperation. Thus the graceful compromise between these two sides is that advertisers pay charges for network resources or advertising charges. Vehicular ad system projected secure incentive framework for commercial ad spread in VANETs which is named as Signature Seeking Drive (SSD).This framework stimulates cooperative distribution of ad messages among vehicular users in a secure way and it also provided the secure ad distribution between the vehicles and pedestrians PDAs. II. SYSTEM MODEL In this section to described our vehicular network module. A.VANET Network module We used SWANS (Scalable Wireless Ad hoc Network Simulation) vehicular network simulator. SWANS have been shown to be scalable and efficient; it supported the large number of mobile nodes. SWANS fully implemented the IEEE 802.11a protocol. All vehicles in our simulations have a transmission range of 300m. The roadway is a four-lane divided highway of length 100 km. Vehicles are entered into that highway according to the Poisson distribution and travel at a maximum speed of 30 m/s. The simulation is run for 360 seconds and generated the 500 vehicles. In the 360-second simulation runtime, the maximum distance traveled by any vehicle is 10 km. In the high density case there are averages of 90 vehicles / km. In medium density traffic, there is an average of 66 vehicles / km and in low density there is an average of 53 vehicles / km.
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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May June (2013), IAEME

In this module we develop a VANET Network model. In that each node (vehicle) can communicate with other nearby nodes (vehicles) to perform some useful applications. Our vehicular network module assumes that, each registered node keeps its own certificate [i.e., public/private key pair issued by a certificate authority (CA)] Certificate authority (CA) The certificate authority has two roles: 1) Government Authority 2) Vehicle Manufacturer In this the first one has many administrative problems, the vehicle manufacturer also trustworthy one. So we need to give proper security to our VANET. Vehicular Authority (VA) The vehicular authority (VA) is the authority provider; it is given the authority to all the vehicles to disseminate their ad in the VANET. The vehicle that get the permission from VANET only disseminate ad in the network.VA also maintain the all ad payment transaction.

Utilize SWANS (Scalable Wireless Ad hoc Network Simulation) vehicular network simulator fully implements the IEEE 802.11a protocol

Vehicles are with transmission range of 300m and the roadway used is a four-lane divided highway of length 100 km with total simulation time 360 seconds.

A vehicle enters the highway according to a Poisson distribution and travel at a maximum speed of 30 m/s and the maximum distance traveled by any vehicle is 10 km. Each node (vehicle) can communicate with other nearby nodes (vehicles) or with fixed roadside (fixed node) infrastructure regarding safety-related warning functions, traffic management, infotainment, payment services, etc..,

Fig.1. Vehicular network module

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May June (2013), IAEME

B. One Level Advertisement In one level advertisement the only one vehicle has the authority to disseminate the ad in the VANET. Other vehicles are not having the authority to reuse the ad and this module only suitable for local area communication.

Notations

Approval for advertisement One level advertis ement

Agreement with ADP

Advertisement dissemination

Receipt redemption

Fig. 2. One level advertisement

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May June (2013), IAEME

C. Multi Level Advertisement In Multi level advertisement each every vehicles have the authority to disseminate the ad in the VANET. The ad get by the one vehicle, it is nearer to the ad distribution point (ADP).That ad should be reused by all the vehicles that have the vehicular authority over the network. It is suitable for wide area communication.
IVA: Commercial advertiser (I) get permission from Vehicle authority (VA) to disseminate ad for a certain period of time and certain location

VAI: After approval from VA, I distribute its ad

Multile vel Adverti sement

I u: Vehicle (u) agrees to forward the ad of I at Ad

u v: u continues to advertise it to any newly encountered vehicle or PDA of pedestrian v for a certain

Similarly v w, w x, x y, y z

Receiving vehicles returns digitally signed reception for sending vehicle

These receipts are exchangeable at Virtual Cashier (VC)

VC VA: Virtual Cashier (VC) sends the record to VA

VA I: VA charges I for ad dissemination of u as well as v

Fig. 3 Multilevel Advertisement

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May June (2013), IAEME

Localized advertisement

Provider S can specify/include its target advertising area along with the ad, and Ss ADP contacts with each approaching vehicle u

LOCS is the center (location coordinates) of S target advertising area, and RNS is the intended adverting radius (from LOCS).

After the proper message exchange with ADP (depending on the ad-model used), u is ready to advertise ADS

u is not able to obtain a valid receipt outside the target area (as described below) it forwards ADS only within the specified target area.

Locating information

GPS-Based Approach: While in the target area (by checking if d (LOCu, LOCS) RNS, where d(i, j) is the distance between two locations i and j, and LOCu is us location coordinate available by GPS), adverting vehicle u may advertise ADS to any newly approaching vehicle v

Infrastructure Based Approach Vehicles can obtain their location information from the infrastructure that broadcasts beacon signals. the existing cellular base stations periodically broadcast one beacon signal per second, and the signals carry information such as a cellular network identifier, location, timestamp, signature, gateway address, paging area ID, and other base station parameters. Using such information, ad-receiving node v can react to ADS forwarded from u

Fig 4. Localized Advertisement

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May June (2013), IAEME

Start

Initial registration of vehicles for VA and CA public key that becomes

Initial registration of pedestrians device for PA and CA public key that becomes preloaded

Advertiser (I) who needs to disseminate their ad request permission from

Advertiser(I) request permission from Pedestrian Authority (PA)

After approval Advertiser distribute their ad for certain period and certain area
A vehicle (u) agrees to forward Is ad at Ad Distribution Point (ADP)

The pedestrian device (u) agrees to forward Is ad at Ad Distribution Point (ADP)

Vehicle (u) continues to advertise it to any encountered vehicle or road side pedestrians PDA or smart phone using localization information Receiving vehicle v, returns digitally signed receipt for u. This is called single level ad

Pedestrian (u) continues to advertise it to any encountered vehicle or road side pedestrians PDA or smart phone using localization

If then v transmits to more nodes/vehicles and digitally signed receipt returned for sender nodes. This is called multilevel ad

Receiver, returns digitally signed receipt for u. This is called single level ad dissemination

These receipts are exchangeable at VC where VC sends record to VA and it in turn charges advertiser (I)

Stop

Fig. 5. Vanet with PDA

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May June (2013), IAEME

D. Localized Advertisement In localized advertisement some advisers want to disseminate their ad in particular geographic area, for that purpose we used the localized model. Here we used the Location coordinates (LOCs), S is the ad distributor and RNs is the adverting radius. In this we used two approaches 1) GPS based Approach 2) Infrastructure based Approach In the GPS based approach to estimated the distance between the two locations, if that value is less than or equal to the RNs, after that only it disseminate the ad otherwise ad is not disseminated in the network. But in GPS based approach we have one disadvantage; in this not verify the receipt providing node authority. It should be satisfied in Infrastructure based approach; in this we verified the receipt providing node authority by using the beacon signal from base station, it should be nearer to the receipt providing node. E.VANET with PDA In this implemented the vehicular network with pedestrians Smart PDAs. Whenever the vehicle to vehicle communication (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure communication (V2I) is not possible that time the advertiser send their ads to the nearby pedestrians Smart PDAs. Through those PDAs, that ad should be disseminating to the nearby vehicle. By using this approach the ad dissemination speed will be increased. In this work also the security overhead may be occurred and it should be managed by our Signature Seeking Drive framework. III CONCLUSION The dissemination of commercial advertisements in VANETs is based on practical aspects such as advertising intensity and dissemination locality. With both selfish users (incentives) and malicious users (security) the developed SSD secure incentive framework stimulates cooperative dissemination of ad messages among vehicular users in a secure way. The SSD employs the concept of virtual cash to charge and reward the provision of advertising service as an incentive for users in the network. The performance evaluation results of SSD through analysis and simulation experiments reveal its robustness in both incentive and security perspectives against various types of attacks and it showed the effectiveness of our advertisement models. REFERENCES 1. N. Ben Salem, L. Buttyan, J.-P. Hubaux, and M. Jakobsson, (2003), A Charging and Rewarding Scheme for Packet Forwarding, in Proc. ACM MobiHoc, pp. 1324. 2. L. Buttyan and J. P. Hubaux, (2003), Stimulating cooperation in self organizing Mobile Ad hoc Networks, ACM J. Mobile Netw., Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 579592.

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May June (2013), IAEME

3. S. Buchegger and J.-Y. L. Boudec, (2002), Nodes bearing grudges: Towards Routing security, fairness, and robustness in mobile ad hoc networks, in Proc. Eur. Workshop Parallel, Distrib. Netw.-Based Process, pp. 403410. 4. S. Eapkun, L. Buttyan, and J.-P. Hubaux, (2003), SECTOR: Secure tracking of Node encounters in multi-hop Wireless Network, in Proc. ACMWorkshop SASN, pp. 2132. 5. S. Eapkun and J.-P. Hubaux, (2005) Secure positioning of wireless devices with Application to Sensor Networks, in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Miami, FL, pp. 19171928. 6. J. Deng, R. Han, and S. Mishra, (2005), Defending against path-based DoS Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks, in Proc. ACM Workshop SASN, pp. 8996. 7. A.Garyfalos and K. C. Almeroth, (2008), Coupons: A Multilevel Incentive Scheme for Information Dissemination in Mobile Networks, IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput. Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 792804. 8. M. Felegyhazi, J.-P. Hubaux, and L. Buttyan, (2006), Nash equilibria of Packet Forwarding strategies in Wireless Ad hoc Networks, IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 463476. 9. W. R. Heinzelman, J. Kulik, and H. Balakrishnan, (1999), Adaptive Protocols for Information Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks, in Proc. ACM MobiCom, pp. 174185. 10. Mohd Umar Farooq and Dr .Khaleel Ur Rahman Khan, The Novel Techniques for Data Dissemination in Vehicular Networks to Triumph Over Broadcast Storm Problem, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering & Technology (IJARET), Volume 4, Issue 3, 2013, pp. 264 - 272, ISSN Print: 0976-6480, ISSN Online: 0976-6499. 11. Thaker Minesh, S B Sharma and Yogesh Kosta, A Survey: Variants of Energy Constrained Reactive Routing Protocols of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 248 - 257, ISSN Print: 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 6472

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