MAPEH Definition of Health Related Fitness

The components of Health related fitness are a basis from which to measure our general wellbeing. It is the aim of exercise to improve our capabilities in each of these areas. Different sports will be more demanding in some, and less demanding in others, but athletes usually strive to achieve a reasonable level of health fitness in each area. There are five health related components of fitness. These are Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular Strength, Flexibility, Muscular Endurance, Body Composition. Unless you are focusing on perfecting your body performance for a particularly demanding sport, a balanced level of achievement in each of these fitness components should be your goal. Your fitness program should include activities and exercises that promote each of these health related fitness components. The Five Components of Health-Related Fitness Muscular Strength: Muscular strength is ability of a muscle to exert a maximal force through a given range of motion or at a single given point. Muscular Endurance: Muscular Endurance refers to the capacity of a muscle to exert a sub maximal force through a given range of motion or at a single point over a given time. Muscular strength refers to the ability to exert force against a resistance or resist a force for a short period of time. Muscular endurance refers to the ability to keep working muscles over a period of time without becoming tied or fatigued. Usually, doing something once or using a short burst of energy or exertion involves muscular strength while repetitive movements and long-term exertion involve muscular endurance. Most activities require some use of muscular strength but may demand more muscular endurance to keep going or be needed to complete a task. Cardiovascular Endurance: Cardiovascular Endurance is the ability to continue training the cardiovascular system for a period longer than twenty minutes (on average). Cardiovascular fitness is the ability of the heart (cardio) and circulatory system (vascular) to supply oxygen to muscles for an extended period of time. Cardiovascular is also called cardio respiratory (lungs) fitness. Usually the mile run or some other type of continuous fitness activity (12 minute run, cycling, step-test, etc.) is used to assess cardiovascular fitness. Flexibility: Flexibility is the ability of a joint to move through a full range of motion. Every physical education class begins with a warm-up phase that is beneficial in the development of flexibility. Flexibility can be defined as a persons ability to move a muscle or joint through a full range of motion. The amount of flexibility that a person possesses can be seen by how easily they can bend, twist or stretch. A persons flexibility can vary from joint to joint; they may have excellent range of motion in the shoulder joint while having limited range of motion in the hip joint. People who are active tend to have better flexibility than someone who is sedentary. Being sedentary can cause people to have weak and / or stiff joints. Body Composition: Body Composition is the ratio of lean body mass to fat body mass. Body composition refers to the amount of muscles, bones, and fat tissue that make up your body. One of the keys to having a healthy body is to have a good balance between the amount of muscle and fat tissue in the body. Having too much body fat puts an extra demand on the heart and the joints. It also raises a persons risk of being afflicted with heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and osteoarthritis. On the other hand, having too little body fat is not healthy either. People need body fat to protect their organs, insulate the body and to have as a stored source of energy. Fitness is defined as a condition in which an individual has enough energy to avoid fatigue and enjoy life. Analyze your day. Do you have lots of energy, or do you get tired easily? Physical fitness is divided into four health- and six skill-related components. Skill-related fitness enhances ones performance in athletic or sports events. Health-related fitness is the ability to become and stay physically healthy. Health-related components focus on factors that promote optimum health and prevent the onset of disease and problems associated with inactivity. Components of Health-Related Fitness Activity The purpose of this activity is to gain understanding about what happens to your heart rate when you perform cardiovascular, muscular endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility exercises. Use your heart rate monitor, and record your heart rate before the activity, two to three times during the activity (record the average), and immediately after the activity. Between each exercise, walk slowly and allow your heart to go below 125 if possible. If your heart rate is over 125 at the end of an exercise, record how long it takes to get below 125. If after three minutes your heart rate has not returned to below 125, go ahead with the next activity. Definition of Skill Related Fitness The abilities or components of skill related fitness are not the skills associated with any particular sport, such as running, catching, tackling or kicking, but are the underlying skills which are brought to bear when participating in a sport. There are six skill related components of fitness. These are Agility, Balance, Coordination, Power, Reaction Time, Speed. These are important fitness components, not just for sporting ability, but for use in everyday life.

In times of illness, or in ageing, these components are often features of our lives that fail and their levels are reduced. Exercise and activities that promote skill components of fitness are therefore very important at all ages. The Definitions to the 7 Components of Skill Related Fitness: Agility: The ability to rapidly and accurately change the direction of the whole body in space. Agility Agility, as defined by the President's Council, refers to the ability to change your entire body position in space rapidly with accuracy and speed. Sports coach Brian Mac offers a slightly different perspective, defining agility as the ability to perform a successive series of powerful explosive movements quickly in opposing directions. Agility is typically measured by performing a timed shuttle run. Sports teams use zigzag drills to enhance agility. Balance: The ability to maintain equilibrium while stationary or moving. Balance is your ability to maintain equilibrium, or control your body's position in space. This component can further be broken down into static balance, which is maintaining equilibrium while not moving, and dynamic balance, which is maintaining control of the body while moving without succumbing to gravity or momentum. Balance is important in sports such as dance, gymnastics, ice hockey, figure skating and other sports requiring extreme control. Coordination: The ability to use the senses and body parts in order to perform motor tasks smoothly and accurately. Coordination is a skill that recruits the senses such as sight and hearing in conjunction with body parts to perform tasks accurately and with efficiency of movement. Coach Brian Mac contends that coordination integrates the various skill-related components of fitness into accurate and effective movements. Juggling, hitting a baseball with a bat and dribbling a basketball are all coordination skills. Hand-eye coordination tests or foot-eye coordination tests are often used to assess coordination. Power: The amount of force a muscle can exert. A combination of strength and speed, power is the ability to exert maximum force in a quick, explosive burst. According to Pacific Lutheran University, power is a function of the amount of work performed per unit of time. The shot put, a tennis serve, a sprint start, a basketball dunk, and a baseball pitch all exhibit power. The jump height test is one assessment used to test power. Reaction Time: The ability to respond quickly to stimuli. Speed: The amount of time it takes the body to perform specific tasks. SPEED AND REACTION TIME Speed is the ability to perform a movement in a short period of time. Reaction time is a subcomponent of speed and refers to the time it takes for the neuromuscular system to produce movement from stimulus to reaction. Moving your foot from the accelerator to the brake is an example of reaction time. Combined, speed and reaction time equate to total response time, which is the time it takes from stimulus to completion of a movement. Speed and reaction times are thought to be greatly influenced by genetics. Six Components of Skill-Related Fitness Activity The purpose of this activity is to help you gain an understanding of what happens to your heart rate when you perform activities to develop the six components of skill-related fitness. Perform each activity as fast and as many times as you can for 30 seconds. Use your heart rate monitor, and record your heart rate before and immediately after the activity. Also, make a note if you were winded at the end of an activity. Between each exercise, walk slowly and allow your heart rate to go below 125 if possible. If your heart rate is over 125 at the end of an exercise, record how long it takes to get below 125. MATH kinds of relations There are four kinds of relations in ordered pairs: one to one (each x value is unique and has a unique y value associated with it) one to many (each x value has multiple possible y values) many to one (each y value has multiple possible x values) many to many (x and y values can be repeated and are not unique) Ways of presenting functions: Modern Calculus texts emphasize that a function can be expressed in four different ways. Verbal - This is the first way functions are presented in the function game: Double and add six. Algebraic - This is the most common, most concise, and most powerful representation:2x+6 . Note that in an algebraic representation, the input number is represented as a variable (in this case, an x). Numerical - This can be done as a list of value pairs, as (4,14) meaning that if a 4 goes in, a 14 comes out. (You may recognize this as (x,y) points used in graphing.) Graphical - This is discussed in detail in the section on graphing. These are not four different types of functions: they are four different views of the same function. One of the most important skills in Algebra is converting a function between these different forms, and this theme will recur in different forms throughout the text. Aral.. pan. 1. Si Adam Smith (bininyagan Hunyo 16, 1723 Hulyo 17, 1790 [OS: Hunyo 5, 1723 Hulyo 17,1790]) ay isang Eskoses na pilosopong moral at ang nagpasimuno ng politikal na ekonomiya. Isa sa mga pigura sa

intelektuwal na kilusang Scottish Enlightenment (Paliwanag ng mga Eskoses), pangunahing kilala siya bilang ang may-akda ng dalawang kasunduan: The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Ang Teoriya ng Moral na mga Damdamin) (1759), at An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Isang Pag-usisa sa Kalikasan at Sanhi ng Yaman ng mga Bansa), mas kilala bilang The Wealth of Nations (Ang Yaman ng mga Bansa) (1776). Kilala din si Smith sa kanyang pagpapaliwanag ng kung papaano ang makatuwirang pagkamakasarili at kompetisiyon, na gumagana sa isang kayariang panlipunan na naninindigan sa moral na katungkulan, ay maaaring magbunga ng kabutihan at kaunlaran sa ekonomiya. Nakatulong ang kanyang mga gawa na lumikha ng makabagong pang-akademyang disiplina ng ekonomika at isa sa mga kilalang mga katuwiran sa malayang kalakalan. Malawakan siyang kilala bilang "ama ng ekonomika".[1] Pumasok si Smith sa University of Glasgow (Pamantasan ng Glasgow) sa gulang na labing-apat at nag-aral ng pilosopiyang moral sa ilalim ni Francis Hutcheson, na naging daan upang mahubog ang kanyang pasyon sa libertad, katuwiran, at malayang pamamahayag. Noong1740, umalis si Smith sa University of Glasgow upang pumasok sa Balliol College, Oxford. Magnum opus ni Smith ang The Wealth of Nations, at tinuturing ito bilang isa sa mga pinakamaimpluwensiyang aklat na nasulat. 2. Si David Ricardo (April 18, 1772 - Setyembre 11, 1823) ay isang ekonomiko mula sa Nagkakaisang Kaharian. Kadalasang binibigyan siya ng kredito sa paggawa ng sistema sa ekonomika, at isa sa mga pinakamaimpluwensiyang klasikong ekonomista, kasama sina Thomas Malthus at Adam Smit In his Essay on the Influence of a Low Price of Corn on the Profits of Stock (1815), Ricardo articulated what came to be known as the law of diminishing returns. (This principle was also discovered simultaneously and independently by Malthus, Robert Torrens and Edward West). Ipinaliwanag ni David Recardo kasama si Domingo Montimor at Jaypee Carbonel ang kanilang akda naPrinciples of Political Economy and Taxation noog 1817 ang prinsipyo ng labour theory of value na kung saan bumaba ang halaga ng kapakinabangan ng yaman ng bansa. Halimbaw, kung patuloy na ginagamit ang lupa, lumiliiit o nauubos ang halaga ng kapakinabangan nito kapag hindi inalagaan. Tinukoy rin ni Ricardo ang kahalagahan ng comparative advantage sa kalakalang pandaigdig. Ibig sabihin, kahit partikular na produkto o kalakal ang isang bansa ngunit ang halaga naman ng naturang produkto o kalakal ay makukuha sa mas murang halaga sa ibang bansa, aangkat na lamang nito ang bansa sa halip na lumikha pa. ang niambag niya ay asang makabagong aral n kung tawagin ay " cultural" 3. si Thoma Robert Malthus ay siya ang naglahad ng kaisipan ukol sa epekto ng mabilis na naglaki ng populasyon..... At ibininto niya ang ''AN ESSAY ON THE PRINCIPLE OF POPULATION (MALTHUSIAN THEORY)........ -->Si Thomas Robert Malthus FRS (Pebrero 13, 1766 - Disyembre 23, 1834),[1] ay isang Britanikong dalubhasa na maimpluwensiya sa ekonomiyang pulitikal at demograpiya.[2][3] Si Malthus ang nagpatanyag ng teoriya ng renta.[4] In 1804 Malthus married Harriet Eckersall, and in 1805 he became a professor of history and political economy at the East India Company's college at Haileybury,Hertfordshire. It was the first time in Great Britain that the wordspolitical economy had been used to designate an academic office. Malthus lived quietly at Haileybury for the remainder of his life, except for a visit to Ireland in 1817 and a trip to the Continent in 1825. In 1811 he met and became close friends with the economist David Ricardo. According to Malthus, when food production is more than is needed by the population, the population increases; if population grows too much faster than food production, the population growth is slowed by famine, disease, and war. 4. Si Karl Heinrich Marx (Mayo 5, 1818, Trier, Alemanya Marso 14, 1883, London,Inglatera) ay PrussianAleman na pilosopo, ekonomista, sosyologo, historyan, hornalista, at rebolusyonaryong sosyalista. Ang kanyang mga ideya ay gumampan ng isang malaking papel sa pagkakatatag ng mga agham panlipunan at pagkakabuo ng kilusang sosyalista. Itinuturing rin siyang isa sa pinakadakilang mga ekonomista sa kasaysayan. [4][5][6][7] Siya ay naglimbag ng maraming mga aklat sa kanyang buhay na ang pinakakilala ang The Communist Manifesto (1848) atCapital (18671894). Malapit siyang nakipagtrabaho sa kanyang kaibigan at kapwa rebolusyonaryong sosyalistang siFriedrich Engels.[8] Si Karl Heinrich Marx (Mayo 5, 1818, Trier, Alemanya Marso 14, 1883, London,Inglatera) ay PrussianAleman na pilosopo, ekonomista, sosyologo, historyan, hornalista, at rebolusyonaryong sosyalista. Ang kanyang mga ideya ay gumampan ng isang malaking papel sa pagkakatatag ng mga agham panlipunan at pagkakabuo ng kilusang sosyalista. Itinuturing rin siyang isa sa pinakadakilang mga ekonomista sa kasaysayan. [4][5][6][7] Siya ay naglimbag ng maraming mga aklat sa kanyang buhay na ang pinakakilala ang The Communist Manifesto (1848) atCapital (18671894). Malapit siyang nakipagtrabaho sa kanyang kaibigan at kapwa rebolusyonaryong sosyalistang siFriedrich Engels.[8] 5. Si John Maynard Keynes, Unang Baron Keynes, CB (Hunyo 5 1883 Abril 21, 1946) ay isang ekonomistang Briton na nakaroon ng malaking impluwensya ang kanyang mga ideya, tinatawag na ekonomikong Keynesian, sa makabagong teoriya ng ekonomiya at politikagayon din sa maraming patakaran pang-piskal ng maraming pamahalaan. Sinulong niya ang patakarang pakikialam ng pamahalaan sa ekonomiya, kung saan ginagamit ng pamahalaan ang pamamaraang piskal at pananalapi upang mabawasan ang epekto ng resesyon, depresyon at pagsulong ng ekonomiya. Isa rin siya sa ama ng makabagong teoriya ngmakroekonomiya. Kilala din siya ng karamihan sa katagang "In the long run, we are all dead."(Sa kalaunan, mamatay tayong lahat). Kadalasan siyang tinuturing bilang ang pinakamaimpluwensiyang ekonomista ng ika20 dantaon. [1] [2] [3]