Pile Cap Design

Bending Theory
The pile cap design also can design base on beam design method ;in this case the pile capacity
multiply by the distance between stump edge and centre of pile will give u a moment , this
moment is use to design the main bar in pile cap. Currently Esteem is using this method instead
of truss analogy method
Example of design a pile cap to carry 274.8kN Dead load and 22.5kN Live
load; pile size=125 x 125mm square pile; pile capacity = 20tonne; conc.
grade = 40mPa

Total unfactored load = 274.8+22.5 = 297.4kN

Say pile edge to pile cap edge = 150mm
Conc. cover =50mm
Pile penetration =100mm
c/c of pile spacing =3 =375mm
Minimum pile cap thickness =500mm
Propose main bar =10 mm
Propose tie bar =10mm

From the total unfactored load we know that at least two pile need to be use, so we choose pile
cap size base on two pile group, the assumption we made is as follow:-

X dimension = 375 + 125 + 150 + 150
= 800mm

Y dimension = 125 + 150 + 150
= 425 mm

d effective depth = 500 - 100 - 50 10
= 340mm

Try a preliminary size of pile cap = 800 x 425 x 500 depth

Self weight of pile cap = 24kN/m x 0.8 x 0.425 x 0.5 = 4.1kN

Total no. of piles required is (297.4+4.1)/(20 x 9.81 ) = 1.53
Actual no. of piles provided = 2>1.53
Hence Assumption no. of pile OK






































































Total ultimate pile load =
f
x n x p
Where factor for pile load =
f
= 1.5
No. of pile = n = 2
Pile capacity = p = 20tonne

Total ultimate pile load =1.5 x 2 x 20 x 9.81
=588.6kN

Total ultimate pile force act to the pile cap at x-direction
=1.5 x 1 x 20 x 9.81
= 294.3 kN



Total moment act at stump face =294.3 x 0.075m
= 22.07kNm

QThe propose width of pile cap = 125(pile size)
+150(pile edge distance)
+150(pile edge distance)
= 425 mm

Total moment / m run = 22.07/0.425m
= 51.94kNm

Propose Conc. grade fcu = 25Mpa

Total Ultimate axial force = (274.8+4.1) x 1.4+22.5 x 1.6 =426.5kN

Total ultimate force / pile = 426.5/2 =213kN







75mm
225/2=112.5mm
294.3kN
375/2=188mm


Design of bending moment 51.94kNm

Clause 3.4.4.4 singly R.C. beam design
k
bd f
M
cu

2

k' = kk1/fcu

kk1 = cb k1 (1- cb k2)

where cb = limiting effective depth factor= 0.5

k1 =
cu
cu
cu
f
.
f .
f .
|
|

\
|

86 17
15 0
45 0

k2 =
(

3828
5 0
1
45 0
1
cu cu
f
.
k
f .


k1 = 25
86 17
25 15 0
25 45 0
|
|

\
|

.
.
.
=10.2MPa

k2 =
(

3828
25
5 0
2 10
25 45 0
1 .
.
.

= 0.4557

kk1 = 0.510.2(1-0.50.4557)
=3.9379
k' =3.9379/25
=0.157

0179 0
340 1000 25
10 94 51
2
6
2
.
.
bd f
M
cu
=

=

Qk'=0.0179<0.157
The section is singly reinforced
















(

+ =
9 . 0
25 . 0 5 . 0 ,
k
d z arm lever

(

+
9 . 0
0179 . 0
25 . 0 5 . 0 d

mm . z
d . d .
323 340 95 0
95 0 98 0
= =
> Q


z f .
max M
As , steel of Area
y

=
95 0



2
6
368
323 460 95 0
10 94 51
mm
.
.
=

=

Minimum area of steel = 0.13% x 1000 x 500 =650mm
2
Since 650> 368mm
2
Provide T10-100 c/c spacing (785mm
2
)

Design of transverse bar
Minimum area of steel = 0.13% x 1000 x 500 = 650 mm
2
Provide T10-100 c/c spacing (785mm
2
)

Checking of Face shear

To determine the shear capacity
As = 785 mm
2

d = 340mm

61 0
340 1000
785 100 100
3
1
3
1
.
bd
As
= |

\
|

= |

\
|

Q0.61<3,ok

04 1
340
400 400
4
1
4
1
.
d
= |

\
|
= |

\
|

Q1.04>1,ok

1
25
25
25
3
1
3
1
= |

\
|
= |

\
|
cu
f










Shear capacity
4
1
3
1
3
1
400 100 79 0
25
|

\
|
|

\
|
|

\
|
=
d bd
As . f
vc
m
cu

MPa . . .
.
.
4 0 04 1 61 0
25 1
79 0
1 = =






















Enhance shear stress = (2d/a) x vc

A = 75-125/2+125/5
= 37.5mm

Enhance shear stress = (2 x 340 /37.5) x 0.4
= 7.25Mpa

Total ultimate force / pile = 426.5/2
= 213kN

Design shear stress = (213 x 1000)/1000x340
= 0.63Mpa

Since 7.25 >0.63Mpa, The Face shear is OK










a
/5

75mm
125 x 125 pile


Checking for Maximum shear

cu
f .
d perimeter stump
load Ultimate
shear Maximum 8 0 <

=

( ) ( ) [ ]
MPa . 39 1
340 2 225 2 225
1000 426
=
+

=

MPa . MPa . 4 25 8 0 39 1 = < Q
The Maximum shear is ok

You can notice that ESTEEM is using the pile capacity to check the Design shear force. Hence
the answer is more conservative.


Checking for punching shear




















Since the pile to pile spacing is less than 3, where = pile size, hence no punching shear.

On the Pile cap design, what is the percentage of binder (compared to main
rebar) the software provided?
On the Pile cap design; there is no Code requirement of min. steel percentage for binder. We
provide the min rebar size and max. Rebar spacing allowable in the rebar configuration.




<3
225 x 225 stumps Punching shear perimeter
How to get the stated loading on the foundation key plan? Is it factored? Is
it including the load allowance?

To explain this try to create a 250 x 250 x 1000ht column and load with column point load (LL)
8kN and design the pile for 10 % load allowance until get 500 x 500 x 500 pile lay out.









250 x 250 x
1000ht stump
500 x 500
500ht pile cap
8kN point load +
10% load
allowance
Pile layout
Summation of all the
unfactored load from
brief calculation.

To get the 14kN in the pile lay out is

Column self weight = 0.25 * 0.25 * 1 * 24
= 1.5kN

Pile cap self weight = 0.5 * 0.5 * 0.5 * 24
= 3kN

Total Dead load with = (3.0+1.5) * 1.1
10% load allowance = 4.95kN
5.0kN


Total Live load with = 8 * 1.1
10% load allowance = 8.8kN
9.0kN

Hence Total unfactored load = 9 + 5
= 14kN (as shown in pilling layout)





































The pile Brief calculation should same as follows:-




The pile Detail calculation should same as follows:-


Unfactored DL column reaction
Unfactored LL column reaction
( Unfactored DL col reaction + unfactored pile cap self weight )
x load allowance
( Unfactored LL col reaction ) x load allowance