Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

Experiences from India Emphasis on Support from Space Systems

VS Hegde
Director, EOS & Programme Director, DMS

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Bangalore, India

3rd Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
December 02-04, 2008

Disaster in India: Scenario

Earthquakes, Landslides Floods Drought Earthquake Tsunami Cyclones

10

Severity Scale
Severity Index analysis based on last 50 yrs data of - Extent affected (Population, Area); Loss to Economy, Lives; Frequency of incidence

Pest & Diseases

Thunderstorms

Forest fires

Earthquake

Landslides

Hailstorms

Epidemics

Tornado

Drought

Cyclone

Cyclones Landslides
Earthquakes

Tsunami

Social Vulnerability
90 % affected by disasters are poor, marginalized & small farmers Pockets of poverty are semi-arid & arid regions, flood plains, mountainous regions of NE, Himalaya Disasters further breed disparity & social imbalances

Economic Impact
More than 2% loss to GDP Some States (Assam, Bihar, AP,..): Loss to the extent of 10-20% of States GDP Drought of 2001-02 led to 15% reduction in food production & significant drop in GDP (210 Mt to 180 Mt)

Flood

Drought

Resources for Disaster Management

Legal Legal & & Constitutional Constitutional Provisions Provisions
Autonomous Autonomous Authorities, Authorities, Empowerment, Empowerment, Governance, Governance, .. ..

Disaster Management Act 2005

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), State DMA, District DMA, .., National Executive Committee (NEC), National Disaster Response Forces ..

Financial Financial Mechanisms Mechanisms

Finance Finance Commissions Commissions Short Short term term - Relief Relief Funding, Funding, Aid Aid mechanism, mechanism, .. .. Long Long Term Term - DM DM Act Act Rehabilitation Rehabilitation & & Reconstruction Reconstruction Funds Funds

Calamity Relief Fund (CRF)/ National Calamity Contingency Fund (NCCF)

For 2005-10 to Rs. 21,333 Cr. [US $ ~ 4740 m]; Rs. 11,007 Cr. [US $ ~ 2446 m] during 2000-05; Long term Mitigation Fund - Rs. 5,323 Cr. [US $ ~ 1183 m] for 2 Yrs (2008 & 09) Cyclone, Earthquake, Flood & Drought Mitigation Funds,

Technological Technological Resources Resources

Early Early Warning Warning Systems Systems (EWS), (EWS), Information, Information, Communication Communication & & Space Space Technologies Technologies (ICST), (ICST), .. ..

Building Capacities
Space enabled Disaster Management Support National Tsunami & Storm Surge EWS Modernization of Met. Observation Systems

Disaster Management (DM): Long Term Vision

Reconstruction Reconstruction Mitigation Mitigation Mitigation Mitigation Relief Relief Mitigation Mitigation Relief Relief Immediately after disaster Post-disaster Normal/ Pre-disaster Mitigation Mitigation Reconstruction Reconstruction Mitigation Mitigation Reconstruction Reconstruction Reconstruction Reconstruction

Moving Moving away away from from relief relief focus focus .. ..

.. .. towards towards comprehensive comprehensive DM/ DM/ DRR DRR

Relief Relief

Reconstruction Reconstruction Relief Relief

Source: GSDMA

Gujarat (Bhuj) Earthquake: 2001

.. .. turned turned the the calamity, calamity, eventually, eventually, into into an an opportunity opportunity for for Build, Build, Back Back & & Better! Better!

Part Part of of Earthquake Earthquake affected affected Area Area

Gujarat (Bhuj) Earthquake: 2001

Short & Long terms Losses
Direct losses
Human lives Livestock, other animals Private property Municipal infrastructure Power/ Telecommunication infrastructure Health/ Education assets

Indirect losses
Export/ import Agricultural output Industry/ Services output Remittance income Fall in earning potential due to disability, trauma Unemployment Health hazards

Tertiary losses
Long-term development Overall investment climate Funds reallocation Community migration/ relocation

Estimate: Estimate: US US $ $ 628 628 m m Estimate: Estimate: US US $ $ 2076 2076 m m Estimate: Estimate: US US $ $ 3156 3156 m m
Source: GSDMA

Gujarat (Bhuj) Earthquake: 2001

Total Estimated Reconstruction Cost
80 642 307 335 36 339 25 144 2496

533 591 1034 246 743 385

Housing Education Rural Water Supply Urban Infrastructure Transportation Disaster Management Rural & Cottage Industry Others

Health Total Cost Dams & Irrigation Rs. 7936 Cr. Public Buildings [US [US $ $ ~ ~ 1763 1763 m] m] Power Agriculture Community Participation Project Management
Source: GSDMA

Gujarat (Bhuj) Earthquake: 2001

Short and Medium term Rehabilitation Policy

Over 28 Reconstruction and Rehabilitation packages

Housing Housing Rehabilitation Rehabilitation of of orphans orphans & & women women Packages Packages for for industry, industry, trade trade and and services services Packages Packages for for capacity capacity building building Packages Packages for for rural rural artisans artisans Package Package for for tourism tourism Packages Packages for for handicraft handicraft artisans artisans Packages Packages for for agriculture agriculture

Leading to
Revival of Livelihood & Economy

Trade & Enterprise Resurgence

Renewal of Social Capital

Reinforcement of Critical Infrastructure

Source: GSDMA

Gujarat (Bhuj) Earthquake: 2001

Benefit Monitoring
Sample Sample Size: Size: 4000 4000 Indicator Villages: Villages: 65 65 Before the Earthquake 66% 32% 6% 0% Urban Urban Locations Locations : : 14 14 After the Earthquake 100% 53% 49% 80%

* * * * * * *

Number of Pucca houses Beneficiaries living in homes with separate toilets Insurance of reconstructed houses People knowing what to do before, during and after a disaster Employment level among women Water supply through pipelines at home Quality of life index

42% 30% 1%

92% 34% 1.143%

Source: GSDMA

Gujarat (Bhuj) Earthquake: 2001

What did Space Systems Provide?
Emergency Communication immediately after the Earthquake - thru WLL VSAT , SatPhone, .. Telemedicine services Spatial data/ information for Natural Resources Management Tele-education

Four Decades of Indian Space Programme

Applications driven, self-reliant programme Focus on supporting national development goals
LAUNCH VEHICLE
Chandrayan-1 22.10.08

Current Space Assets

20
Operational Satellites

CARTOSAT-2A

November 21, 1963

27 Launch Vehicle Missions

PSLV GSLV

INSAT-3E 28.09.03

51
KALPANA-1 12.09.02

IMS-1

INSAT-4CR 02.09.07

+ 16 Spacecraft Missions
INSAT-2E 03.04.99 INSAT-3A 10.04.03

11
EDUSAT 20.09.04

SATELLITE

INSAT-4B 12.03.07 INSAT-4A 22.12.05

ARYABHATA 19.04.75

INSAT-3C 24.01.02

INSAT-3B 22.03.00

GSAT-2 08.05.03

CARTOSAT-2A/ IMS-1 28.04.08 CARTOSAT-2 10.01.07

APPLICATIONS

IRS-1C 28.12.95 IRS-P3 21.03.96 IRS-1D 29.09.97 IRS-P4 26.05.99

HAMSAT 05.05.05 CARTOSAT-1 05.05.05 RESOURCESAT-1 TES 22.10.01 17.10.03

Space for Societal Development

Education, Awareness Healthcare, Hygiene Training, Skill development Information dissemination Strengthening Panchayat Raj Rural Empowerment

Agriculture Water Resources - Surface water & groundwater Potential Fishing Zone Watershed development Wasteland mapping & monitoring Drought assessment, monitoring & proofing Flood & cyclone monitoring Fuel wood & fodder assessment Land Information Systems Rural Roads connectivity .

Disaster Management Support (DMS) System:

Assets and Infrastructure
cean O / t Me vations er Obs
E me comm rgency unica tion

Satellite, Aerial & Ground Systems

es. R h Hig aging Im

Laser per p in Ma Terra

Real T im Mappi e ng

All we map ather pin g

Ge o. LE O

AWS

Ground based

DWR

Ae ri a l

Delivery Mechanisms
CWC, IMD, GSI, MOES/ DOD, DST, FSI, ..

Decision Support Centre (DSC)

Products & Services Damage Assessment, Monitoring, ..

MHA, NDMA, MoA, PMO, CabSectt [CMG], State Agencies

Networking, Early Warning [CWDS, IOTWS, INFRAS, ..]

NDEM, Hazard Zonation, Risk Assessment,

Technology Development & Research ASAR, Forecasting/ Simulation Models, ..

Emergency Communication Network - VPN; Support - MSS Type-D, WLL VSAT,

DMS: Operational Services provided currently

Floods Flood Inundation Maps Damage Assessment Hazard Zonation Bank Erosion Studies Cyclone Inundation Maps Recession Maps Damage Assessment Drought MonthlyAgril. Drought Report End-of-the-Season Agril. Drought Report Forest Fire Active Fire Detection Damage Assessment Earthquake Damage Assessment Landslide

Damage Assessment Hazard zonation

Information Dissemination
Central: MHA, CWC, Min. of Agri, GSI, IMD, MOEF State: Relief Commr., DM, Agri, Forest, other concerned Line Depts.

The Tsunami
How did Space Support?
Emergency communication - Satellite based Phone & Video-Conferencing facilities in A&N Islands
INDIA

Telemedicine facility in A&N Assessment of extent of Damage - Satellite based observations - near real-time basis

IRS-P6 AWiFS Image of 26-Dec-04

IRS images - on NRSCs website; data provided to neighbouring countries High-resolution Aerial Photography survey selected areas Detailed Damage Assessment - for rehabilitation & reconstruction - selected areas

Tsunami:
Inputs for Relief/ Rehabilitation

er v Co vel / e e Us e L nd illag a L V at

Cadastral Overlay for Inundated Area

Monitoring of the Pareechu Lake

--- + Monitoring ------------------------------------------ --- --- --- --led nt b . .. . Interventions a e n e m e- age c a Sp Man .. Early Warning ... k s i R Detection of Risk
Blockade 190+ ha ~180 ha Water impoundment at its max. (Early June 2005) <100 ha

August 2004 onwards ..

Lake - formed due to Landslide (Aug 2004) Water Risk of accumulating Flash Floods in the existing depression - forming lake (June 2004)

High Risk of draining out Flash Floods (Late June 2005) Declining Risk

Water

Prior to the Posing Risk lake formation (May 2004)

Marginal Marginal increase increase in in Inflow noticed Inflow noticed (June (June 12, 12, 2007) 2007)

No Risk of Flash Floods

Pareechu Lake - Status as in June-July, 2008

IRS-P6 LISS-IV MX Image of June 06, 2008 Significant inflow & outflow seen

IRS-P6 LISS-IV MX Image of July 10, 2008 Reduced water-spread as compared with June 06, 2008

The Kosi Deluge - Aug 18, 2008

Another Challenge - to Build, Back & Better..

Breach
1.70 km wide

Kosi Embankment breach - Bihar Floods

Inundation - Sept 15, 2008 Inundation Status - Sept 15, 2008 1,86,239 ha in 15 Dists Madhepura - 45, 006 ha; Supaul - 30,474 ha; Saharsa - 14,347 ha; Purnia - 1,997 ha; Araria - 4,406 ha.

Aug AWIFS 20 Aug 27 IRS Aug 23, 2008

Sept-07 Breach as seen by Sept 10 IRS L4-MX Sept 02, 2008

Flood Inundation Mapping

Darbhanga Dist., Bihar (Oct 2007)
Floods: 2008
> 500 Maps

Inundation Inundation 66,180 66,180 ha ha

Inundation Inundation 4,84,390 4,84,390 ha ha Inundation Inundation assessment assessment - Village-wise Village-wise

Kosi Embankment Breach

Inundation - as on Aug 29 & Oct 14, 2008
Aug 29, 2008

Oct 14, 2008

th), At Atthe thepeak peak(~ (~Aug Aug29 29th ), 624 624Villages Villagesinundated; inundated; > >300,000 300,000people peopleaffected affected

Kosi Embankment Breach

Persistence of Inundation - Aug 29 to Oct 14, 2008

Response to Cyclone SIDR

Track + Landfall Prediction Crossed Bangladesh coast on Nov 15, 2007 (night) Tracking Error - 24 Hrs - 33 Km Landfall Predication - 1 Hr Error

Response to Cyclone SIDR

Data/ Info on SA Web Emergency Request for Data placed on Nov 15, 2007 Emergency planning for IRS & Radarsat data acquisition IRS & Radarsat Images uploaded to SA Server on Nov 19 & 21, 2007
Pre-Cyclone Post-Cyclone

Post Cyclone
Radarsat - Nov 17, 2007; ResourceSat - Nov 20, 2007

Pre Cyclone
Oct 22, 2007 Nov 20, 2007

ResourceSat - Oct 22, 2007

Systems for Watch on Weather and Climate

Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Space Observations Doppler Weather Radar (DWR)

Satellite Transmitter

EO instrument capabilities Radiometers & Spectrometers Atmospheric Sounders Rain Radars High resolution imagers Polarimetric radiometers Altimeters/Scatterometers INSAT-3A & KALPANA
DP software installed at IMD

Continuous monitoring of severe weather events Radar network for entire coastal areas, NE region, major cities,

Met. Analysis Sensor Team/ User Data Dept.

Data Processing Center

INSAT 3D
Development of Techniques

Providing inputs for meso-scale modeling

Satellite (INSAT) based Emergency Communication Systems

CWDS/ DCWDS

Satellite Phone

DTH based DWDS

Hand-held/ Mobile Messaging Terminal

.. all being put to operational use

Fishermen DAT

Towards Reaching the Communities

VRCs as ERCs (Emergency Resource Centres) Village Resource Centre (VRC) Components
EO based Info. Advisory related to Agri., Fisheries, Digital Connectivity Tele-Education, Tele-Medicine, .. Disaster Resilience related
Mu l til i

ng

Status
ua li

As on October 06 , 2008
nt er fa ce

Set-up: Being Set-up:

Space Systems in support of DM/ DRR: The Road Map

Constellation of EO Satellites: Capturing disaster events at:
Moderate Resolution - 30 mts interval; High Resolution - within 24 hrs
Oceansat-2 INSAT 3D Megha-Tropiques INSAT-4A INSAT-3A,3E EDUSAT GSAT-1 INSAT-3B INSAT-2DT INSAT-2C INSAT-2E IRS - 1D Cartosat-2 Kalpana-1 Cartosat-1 INSAT-4B, 4CR RISAT-1 GSAT-6,9 IRNSS-1,2 GSAT-4 ,5,8

DMSAR-1

ACTS-2 GSAT-11,12,13 IRNSS-7 IRNSS-5,6 RISAT-3 GSAT-14,15 Oceansat-3 Cartosat-3

2012

GSAT-7,10 Resourcesat-3 IRNSS-3,4 ACTS Hyperspectral Geo-HR Imager

Altika+Argos

2010

Resourcesat-2

2008
Secured Communication Network (VPN):

Resourcesat-1 Oceansat-1

2005

Aerial Surveys for filling observation gaps: SAR - High Alt. Large Format Digital Camera Laser Altimeter

2000
Multi-tier databases with query/ decision tools
Natl Control Room +Decision Makers DMS-DSC + Institutions

State HQ/ Control Rooms District HQ/ Control Rooms Vulnerable Villages

1995

tific n e i s g sc y input n i ovid timel r r p .. and isaste t, s i s d ba for gemen min/ a ad man els of rchy v a ll le al hier a t a iet soc

Principle of 4 Rights
in Disaster Management Right kind of Information - to the Right people - at Right place - not only gives the Right Value to the Information - but also holds the key for disaster management A lesson learnt from the traumatic experiences Information deficit creates much larger deficits in disaster management
.. World Conference on Disaster Management January 2005, Kobe