If you are interested, you can write an article about 12 pages, single spacing, font 12 times new roman

(excluding references) from your project...but it has to be in english ya. The general topic and sub-topic will be as follows:

Introduction Literature review Methodology Data analysis Discussion and conclusion

In line with the National Education Philosophy, our education system is based on the Philosophy of Education (MOE, 2000) which focuses on the development potential of the students as a whole in creating individuals in a holistic and integrated to produce a wellbalanced individual capability in intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical development. To reinforce this philosophy of desire, greater emphasis will be placed on participation in sports and co-curricular activities in order to foster the personal development of students through the concept of "Malaysia Cegas" (Muhyiddin, 2010).

Co-curricular activities are part of the National Curriculum. Referring Subregulation 3 (1) of the Rules of the National Curriculum 1997, the National Curriculum is an educational program that includes curriculum and co-curricular activities which encompasses all the knowledge, skills norms, values, cultural elements and beliefs to help develop a pupil fully with respect to physical, spiritual, mental and emotional as well as to inculcate and develop desirable moral values and to transmit knowledge. Integration shown in co-curricular activities will strengthen the relationship between people who become a national entity to patriotism, thereby contributing to the success of the concept of 1 Malaysia (Wee, 2011).

According to Mohamad Nizam et. al. (2008), co-born of the curriculum and educational dimensions of meaning that lies outside of the area of education in the classroom. Later developments made last change attitudes education experts consider it equally important co-curricular programs in the process of building a well-balanced personality of each student. Co-curricular activities play a very important role in enhancing the ability of himself as an individual, a productive member of society, improving discipline and improve the character of a student.

Curricular activities are able to develop the values and principles be holding yourself while making education a fun, reduce stress and build personal character and a balanced and holistic (Armstrong, 2007; Yosso, 2005). Co-curricular activities is a complement to the requirements and needs of the curriculum in which they provide various opportunities for students to add,

measure and practice the skills, knowledge and values that they have learned during their classroom learning. Social characteristics and cultural learning through co-curricular activities play an important role in getting a job in the future. A positive impact of co-curricular activities is that these activities give students a high competitive attitude. Positive competitive attitude is why students are not afraid to meet the challenges that lie ahead (Zulkifly, 2008). According to the view of Wong (2007) co-curricular activities can play in nurturing values and principles that holding yourself while making education a fun, reduce stress and build personal character and a balanced and holistic. In the latest development, the cabinet decided that 10 per cent marks taken into account in the selection of curricular admission to public higher institutions pengajaian while 90 per cent of the academic scores from 2008 onwards. Curricular policy is very clear with a circular-aktanya iktihisas and act extra-curricular activities that emphasize performance, among others, "The participation of students in cocurricular activities is mandatory" (Government Gazette, PU (A) 531/97) and "Implementation of co-curricular activities in all schools is compulsory "(Section 18 of the Education Act 1996 (Act 550).

In line with the development of education policy in Malaysia, teaching and learning in the schools in this country has changed. The formation of the students are no longer concentrated in the classroom but the personality and character of students educated through curricular activity participation of extra-curricular activities. School is not only a place to sharpen the mind even school students serve to build the character of the students. Someone intellectuals unethical not to give any meaning to the community but also pose a problem for the country and nation (Siti Mariam Hussain, 2009). The above statement reflects the importance of implementing co-curricular activities in school. Schools should create a broad curriculum to students participating in activities of interest. In conclusion, co-curricular activities is seen as an intermediate experience with nature outside of school and beyond adulthood. Minds of the students will become familiar and are ready for the challenges they will face in the future to perform more in-depth assignments. History has shown prominent leaders of the country of birth of association among those active during adolescence. In other words, we will be able to produce a generation that has the advantage of knowledge and passion to the whole.

BACKGROUND PROBLEM Berdepan brilliant student may be accepted into the matter to higher study institutions common (IPTA) in the country if the student is not involved in any school aktiviti kokurikulum (Saifuddin, 2009). Kokurikulum is an important aspect that selari the curriculum in secondary schools in Malaysia. Kokurikulum activities held at the school is aiming to deliver an active learner. Academic achievement of students need diseimbang brilliant with their inclusion in aktiviti kokurikulum able tightened the relationship between, while contributing to the triumph of the concept of 1 Malaysia (Wee, 2011). New emphasis to the motion kokurikulum work in schools and is in accordance with the purposes of education in our country today. It will make a thorough education and academic merangkumi kokurikulum. According to Stevens et. al. (2008), aktiviti kokurikulum is the best approach for students to form a quiet life and to help fill the field in terancang. Student involvement in kokurikulum can train them to be responsible, self-reliant, disciplined and proficient in the field something that they accompanied. Attempt to re-animate his trademark kokurikulum activities Sports activities at the school have also dimulakan through the implementation and strengthening of Primary One Student One Sport (1M1S). It aims to ensure that every student involvement in school aktiviti Sports, Sports applying these values among all citizens of the school. It is also expected to create a culture of competition among councilors and students as well as forming a social persekitaran conducive to their development (Zulkifly, 2008). Sebegini effort will require the cooperation of all parties involved directly and indirectly with the field of education. In this review, the reviewer will know for sure aspects of the perception and the factors that might boost a student's absence causes the labor movement kokurikulum. Perceived that kokurikulum interest in the learning process to meet the desires of the basic lessons excel nationality, the 1979 Cabinet report has suggested that all students take a portion pursued actively in the berunsurkan kokurikulum national culture as well as Sports activities and forces uniforms (Perakuan 44, 50, 51, and 53). According to Jenny (2009) kokurikulum contribute to students by providing opportunities, develop new interests and create interest. He emphasizes the concept of leadership, friendship, cooperation and self-sufficient, strengthen mind and kesihatan fizikal students and provide students a thorough development and train students for creativity fully. Fallacy of the kokurikulum as partly rather than the educational process is one of the factors that led to its implementation rather than in school less instigate. This applies if the concepts, and the basic principle of kokurikulum was not fully understood and lived out in the context of education and human development and the continuous comprehensive childbirth for students who inherit and live human traits balanced and brilliant as contained in the National Education Philosophy and Basic Nationality education. One of the reasons that affect students less active involvement in aktiviti kokurikulum skills shortage is the maintenance by the teacher advisor (Wong, 2008). Crowded students found aktiviti aktiviti kokurikulum is only one free or aktiviti matlamat side without showing a real and objective. The study was done by

Faridah (1991) on the activities of the foundation kokurikulum also found that free and primacy given only to hunt other features brilliant academic decisions and some students found that students be active in kokurikulum menjejaskan brilliance academic achievement. Despite this fact however, has been refuted by Zief and Lauver (2006); Cooper et. al. (2008) in their review that states that free no significant relationship in academic achievement for students active and less active in aktiviti kokurikulum. In contrast, activity kokurikulum foster values and principles that hold themselves while making education something menyeronokkan, reduce stress and build character and peribadi a balanced and holistic.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM In 2005, the Cabinet approved the policy of strengthening the curriculum that covers various aspects and starting 2006, the government requires students to acquire 10 per cent marks from such activities as qualifying them to enter institutions of higher learning (IPTA). However, despite the introduction of the policy, there are still some parties consider lackluster activity or to the extent the sake of asking whether at the school, district, state and national (Utusan Malaysia, 24 October 2011). All parties to pay less attention on the exact methods to attract the students so that they enjoy participating in co-curricular activities in school. Role as cocurricular activities often wrongly additional response. Therefore it is not given proper emphasis. Normally allegedly overheard the active involvement of students in extra-curricular activities interfere with academic performance (Saifuddin, 2009). The findings of Mary (2009) show that although the cocurricular activities to education is recognized but the concepts are still poorly understood until some still regard curriculum as outdoor activities. Meanwhile, parents have doubts as to the function of co-curricular activities. They ultimately did not encourage their children to engage in co-curricular and instead devote his full attention in the academic aspects (Mohd Nor Azah Ryan 2011; Straits Times, 11 June 2011). Thus, participation in co-curricular student is unsatisfactory and they just register as a member without having to turn up.

1.3.1 Student Attendance Record Lower Secondary School Maturity (SMKMH) is a city school and practice two grade A school session. Adult level of involvement in extra-curricular activities is said to increasingly proud. Based on the assessment report co-curricular activities in 2009 - 2011 prepared by the secretary of the school curriculum in the study that students are given the freedom to participate in 30 types of activities comprising uniformed units, sports and games as well as clubs and associations. Some of them have worked very well. Martial Arts is one activity that brings pride to the school when students study represent the State in the National Martial Arts Competition at Unity Stadium, Kuching City at 19 to 23 September 2011. However, the issue of student participation in co-curricular activities are becoming less impressive where students do not want to engage in extracurricular activities. This problem if allowed to continue will indeed be a serious matter involving the future of the students. Here is the record of attendance at school study February to September for 2009, 2010 and 2011.

Table 1.1 percentage of Attendance Motion Co-curricular work in 2009 (%) 2010 (%) 2011 (%) PLPLPL Uniformed Units 51 41 52 46 48 43 Clubs / Associations 61 49 58 42 57 41 Sports & Games 77 80 78 85 79 87 Source: Report of SMK Matang curricular activities Hilir, 2011

Derived from the record of attendance, the total percentage of students who did not complete the full 100 per cent attendance increasing every year from 2009 until today. The presence of less than 50 percent could be said to be absent for absence without reason. This indicates deterioration percent attendance may have particular reasons. Absenteeism problems can also give a less good on their attitude. Do not skip their show in earnest to pursue co-curricular activities through the motion.

He Had Such Quiet Eyes

Posted on 12/04/2011 by bobjulian INDEX PAGE 3.0 He Had Such Quiet Eyes 3.1 Synopsis of the Poem 3.2 Paraphrase Understanding the Poem 3.3 The Poem Line By Line 3.4 Elements of the Poem 3.5 Themes 3.6 Moral Values 3.7 Setting He Had Such Quiet Eyes By: Bibsy Soenharjo 3.1 SYNOPSIS OF THE POEM The poem is about a woman who has been deceived to think that she was loved by a man with quiet eyes. She suffers for this and only learns on hindsight not to trust or give in to men who seek women only for pleasure. The poet gives an advice on being able to recognise what is true and what is not, when a person is truly friendly and when he is not. You may lose in the game of love and give your heart away, but knowing the truth of the situation will mean that you will not suffer any lasting losses. 3.2 UNDERSTANDING THE POEM [STANZA BY STANZA] Stanza 1 The woman is taken up with his quiet eyes. The eyes mesmerise and beg her to be nice to him and make him extremely happy, that is render him paradise. The poet uses a very long imagery of the eyes breathing desolate sighs to enhance the effect of the eyes on the girl. The woman, being enamoured with those eyes, does not notice he is deceiving her. It would not be difficult to see through the man if the woman had her feet on the ground because the eyes have only the thinnest ice, easy to break through to learn the mans true nature. Stanza 2 Something has happened to the woman and she has learnt the truth about the man. The poet suggests that she has learnt the hard way that is she learns her lesson through bad experience.

She has made a mistake of trusting the man because she has refused to listen to the advice not to compromise, that is, lower her standards or expectations in order to please a man who seduces women. Stanza 3 The poet extends her friendly advice to women to understand what is meant by nice what it means when men are nice to you. When he is nice, friendly and pleasant to you, make sure that he is sincere and trustworthy and not because he has ulterior motive, that is he wants something from you in return. The poet further comments that love may be a gamble as suggested in dice, you take your chances with someone, you may find true love or you may not. The important issue here is that ultimately you have not lost anything because you have not compromised, you are not deceived. 3.3 THE POEM LINE BY LINE STANZA 1 MEANING BY LINE

He had such quiet eyes His eyes were calm and quiet She did not realise She did not know They were two pools of lies- His eyes were like two pools filled with lies Layered with thinnest ice Thinly veiled, like very thin ice To her, those quiet eyes To the woman, those calm and quiet eyes Were breathing desolate sighs Looked very sad and desolate Imploring her to be nice The eyes were begging her to be nice to him And to render him to paradise And to give him happiness and bliss so that he would feel like he was in paradise (heaven)

STANZA 2 MEANING BY LINE

If only shed been wise The woman wished she had been wiser in her past actions And had listened to the advice And she had listened to the sound advice given to her by people who cared about her Never to compromise They had advised her not to give up her moral values or principles With pleasure-seeking guys When she was with men who wanted only pleasure and fun Shed be free from the hows and whys If she had listened to them, she would not be haunted by questions of hows and whys and the difficult situation she was in.

STANZA 3 MEANING BY LINE

Now heres a bit of advice Let me give you a bit of advice

Be sure that nice really means nice Make sure that the person you think is nice, is truly sincere and trustworthy Then youll never be losing at dice Then, you will not lose in a game of chance or a game of love where you can lose your heart to an undeserving man Though you may lose your heart once or twice Even if you should fall in love and lose your heart to love once or twice

3.4 Elements of the Poem Literal and Figurative Meaning Stanza 1 Literal Meaning When the persona looked into the young mans sincere-looking eyes, she was deceived into thinking that he needed someone to love. She was not aware that betrayal was second nature to him. His eyes even made her feel compelled to be nice to him. Figurative Meaning Meeting people and getting involved in a social relationship is part and parcel of life. However, along the way, we may meet two-faced people with ulterior motives. Sometimes, they may come across as so sincere that we innocently accept them as friends or partners. Stanza 2 Literal Meaning When the persona was betrayed by the man, she wondered why she had not been wiser. She should have remembered the age-old advice of not believing man blindly. If she had held on to her principles, she would not be asking herself why she had been cheated. Figurative Meaning Social relationships can turn sour if one party betrays the other. Hence, one should be careful of the other partys motives. In any case, do not compromise your principles, as someone who is sincere would not force you into giving up your morals. Stanza 3 Literal Meaning The poet advises young ladies to be more careful before getting involved in relationships with men. They must make sure they know then men well. They should learn to differentiate between sincerity and falsehood. They will eventually meet the right man, though they may lose their heats to a few times before that. Figurative Meaning It is always good to be cautious before committing to a relationship to avoid serious consequences. You have to make sure you can trust the person you befriend. Do not gamble with your affections, even when you fall in love. 3.5 Themes (1) Strong Moral Values and Self-Respect The woman in the poem got herself into a difficult situation and was cheated by a man

because she gave in to his pleading and his insincere lies. She displayed weakness in her moral standing and lost her self-respect as a result. We should never lower our self-esteem no matter how much we like a man. If a man has respect for the woman he loves, he too would not ask her to do what is morally wrong. (2) Deception in Appearances The woman is taken in by the mans gentle and quiet eyes. She thinks he is a truthful and trustworthy person. The theme in this poem focuses on deception in appearances. Do not judge a persons character by his appearance. As can be seen in this poem, a gentle and kindlooking man can actually be a wolf in sheeps clothing. (3) Consequences When we make mistakes in life, we have to live with the consequences. The persona tells us that the woman is haunted with questions of hows and whys. She probably asks herself every day how she could have fallen for his lies; how she could have forgotten the moral values instilled in her by her parents; how she could have ignored all the advice given to her by people who love and care about her. She would probably also wonder why she had not been wiser in her choice of men; why she did not see through his deception and insincerity. (4) Listen to Advice The poet wants to reach out to all young readers. The woman in the poem wished she had listened to the advice. She poured out her disappointment, frustration and hurt in this poem and wished she had been wise. The poet cautions young readers that they should not be impulsive in their actions and they should, above all, listen to the advice of their elders so that they would not end up like the woman full of regrets.

3.6 Moral Values & Lessons Learnt (1) Avoid Being Deluded by Looks or Appearance We sometimes encounter people who have ill intentions towards us. These are con men who prey on young women. They look nice and decent but have bad motives. So we should take precaution against them. We should not judge a book by its cover. (2) Listen to Beneficial Advice We are given good advice when others feel that we need it. We should listen to their advice. The advice is for our own good. It prevents us from getting hurt or getting into trouble. 3.7 Setting

The poem is set in the present the world around us now. It highlights the fact that the people around us are not always sincere. They may have ulterior motives towards us.

Some have the intention to cheat us. In the case of the woman in the poem, the man only wanted to have sexual pleasure from her. However, she saw him as a man in need of love and consolation. The poem puts forward the need to practise caution when we deal with the people around us.

How does smoking affect health?

Cigarette smoke contains about 4,000 different chemicals which can damage the cells and systems of the human body. These include at least 80 chemicals that can cause cancer (including tar, arsenic, benzene, cadmium and formaldehyde) nicotine (a highly addictive chemical which hooks a smoker into their habit) and hundreds of other poisons such as cyanide, carbon monoxide and ammonia. Every time a smoker inhales, these chemicals are drawn into the body where they interfere with cell function and cause problems ranging from cell death to genetic changes which lead to cancer. This is why tobacco smoking is a known or probable cause of approximately 25 diseases. According to WHO figures, smoking is responsible for approximately five million deaths worldwide every year. However it also contributes to, or aggravates many other diseases and may play a part in many more deaths. Even the WHO says that its impact on world health isnt fully assessed. WHO says smoking is a greater cause of death and disability than any single disease. By 2020, the WHO expects the worldwide death toll to reach 10 million, causing 17.7 per cent of all deaths in developed countries. There are believed to be 1.1 billion smokers in the world, 800 million of them in developing countries. Top

Risk factors of smoking

People take up smoking for a variety of reasons. Young people are especially vulnerable because of pressure from their peers and the image that smoking is clever, cool or 'grown-up'. Just trying a few cigarettes can be enough to become addicted. Many people say that smoking helps them to feel more relaxed or cope with stress but nicotine is a stimulant not a relaxant, so it doesnt help stress. What people are describing is more likely to be relief from their craving or withdrawal symptoms. Top

Smoking damage
There are hundreds of examples and volumes of research showing how cigarette smoking damages the body. For example, UK studies show that smokers in their 30s and 40s are five times more likely to have a heart attack than non-smokers. Smoking contributes to coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries) where the hearts blood supply becomes narrowed or blocked, starving the heart muscle of vital nutrients and oxygen, resulting in a heart attack. As a result smokers have a greatly increased risk of needing complex and risky heart bypass surgery. Smoking also increases the risk of having a stroke, because of damage to the heart and arteries to the brain. If you smoke for a lifetime, there is a 50 per cent chance that your eventual death will be smoking-related - half of all these deaths will be in middle age. Top

Smoking and lung problems

Smoking does enormous damage to the lungs, especially because these tissues are in the direct firing line for the poisons in smoke. As a result there is a huge increase in the risk of lung cancer, which kills more than 20,000 people in the UK every year. US studies have shown that men who smoke increase their chances of dying from the disease by more than 22 times. Women who smoke increase this risk by nearly 12 times. Lung cancer is a difficult cancer to treat - long term survival rates are poor. Smoking also increases the risk of the following cancers:

Oral Uterine Liver Kidney

Bladder Stomach Cervical Leukaemia

Even more common among smokers is a group of lung conditions called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD which encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema. These conditions cause progressive and irreversible lung damage, and make it increasingly difficult for a person to breathe. Top

Harm to children from smoking

Smoking in pregnancy greatly increases the risk of miscarriage, is associated with lower birth weight babies, and inhibits child development. Smoking by parents following the birth is linked to sudden infant death syndrome, or cot death, and higher rates of infant respiratory illness, such as bronchitis, colds, and pneumonia. Top

Smoking and young people

Smoking is particularly damaging in young people. Evidence shows people who start smoking in their youth - aged 11 to 15 - are three times more likely to die a premature death than someone who takes up smoking at the age of 20. They are also more likely to be hooked for life. Nicotine, an ingredient of tobacco, is highly addictive it takes on average on about six cigarettes before nicotine receptors in the brain are switched on, generating a craving for nicotine which may continue for the rest of the persons life. In less than one packet of cigarettes, a persons brain can be changed forever from that of a non-smoker to a nicotine addicted smoker. Although the health risks of smoking are cumulative, giving up can yield health benefits, regardless of the age of the patient, or the length of time they have been smoking. If you join a proper smoking-cessation service, using all available help including medication and counselling, your chances of quitting may be as high as one in three (compared to just three per cent if you go it alone).

THE DANGERS OF SMOKING

There are many ways to take tobacco. You can chew it, inhale it through the nose, and smoke it in the form of cigars or cigarettes. No matter how it's taken it is dangerous, but because

smoking is the most popular way to consume tobacco it has also received the greatest attention from the medical field and the media. When a smoker inhales a puff of cigarette smoke the large surface area of the lungs allows nicotine to pass into the blood stream almost immediately. It is this nicotine "hit" that smokers crave, but there is a lot more to smoke than just nicotine. In fact, there are more than 4000 chemical substances that make up cigarette smoke and many of them are toxic. Cigarette smoke is composed of 43 carcinogenic substances and more than 400 other toxins that can also be found in wood varnish, nail polish remover, and rat poison. All of these substances accumulate in the body and can cause serious problems to the heart and lungs. Cancer is the most common disease associated with smoking. Smoking is the cause of 90% of lung cancer cases and is related to 30% of all cancer fatalities. Other smoking-related cancers include cancers of the mouth, pancreas, urinary bladder, kidney, stomach, esophagus, and larynx. Besides cancer, smoking is also related to several other diseases of the lungs. Emphysema and bronchitis can be fatal and 75% of all deaths from these diseases are linked to smoking. Smokers have shorter lives than non-smokers. On average, smoking takes 15 years off your life span. This can be explained by the high rate of exposure to toxic substances which are found in cigarette smoke. Smokers also put others at risk. The dangers of breathing in second-hand smoke are well known. Smokers harm their loved ones by exposing them to the smoke they exhale. All sorts of health problems are related to breathing in second-hand smoke. Children are especially susceptible to the dangers of second-hand smoke because their internal organs are still developing. Children exposed to second-hand smoke are more vulnerable to asthma, sudden infant death syndrome, bronchitis, pneumonia, and ear infections. Smoking can also be dangerous for unborn children. Mothers who smoke are more likely to suffer from miscarriages, bleeding and nausea, and babies of smoking mothers have reduced birth weights or may be premature. These babies are more susceptible to sudden infant death syndrome and may also have lifelong health complications due to chest infections and asthma. It is never too late to give up smoking, even those who have smoked for 20 years or more can realize tremendous health benefits from giving up the habit.