1.

peroral solns w/ high conc of sucrose or other sugars. Saturation = self-preserving but temp changes = crystallization purified by distillation or reverse osmosis alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solns of volatile substances (50-90% alcohol) maintains water-insoluble volatile oils in soln used as flavoring agents storage: tight containers to reduce evaporation reversible separation of layer of emulsified particles 1. levigation - grinding insoluble substance to fine powder while wet -melted base or levigation aid (mineral oil or glycerin) -water soluble salts 2. fusion -when base contains solids that have high mp Ex. waxes, cetyl alcohol or glyceryl monostearate

a) spirits b) syrups c) emulsion bases d) suspension prep e) emulsions f) creaming g) hydrocarbon (oleaginous) h) incorporation of drugs into ointment i) purified water j) semisolid preps

2. 3.

4.

5.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a _______ agent commonly used in toothpastes: A) antibacterial B) thickening C) anti-drying D) flavoring E) foaming

2. Mineral oil can be used as: A) wetting agent in making suspensions. B) preservative. C) anti-caking agent in suspension. D) a levigating agent in making ointments. E) A & D only. 3. liquid preparation of a vegetable drug that contains alcohol as a preservative, solvent, or both. contain therapeutic components of 1 g drug in 1 mL of solution a. b. c. d. fluid extract ion-exchange excipients tincture

4. aqueous solution of a volatile substance a) b) c) d) aromatic water tincture ion-exchange distillation

5. Lugol's solution is: A) S.S.K.I. B) Strong Iodine Solution, USP C) Iodine Tincture, USP D) Aluminum Acetate Solution, USP E) None of the above

6. Polyethylene Glycol Ointment is considered to be? a. b. c. d. Oleaginous Base Water-Soluble Base Water-Removable Base Emulsifiable Bases

7. Extracts:

a) b) c) d) e)

are concentrated preparations. can be semiliquids, powdered, or solid. are preparations of vegetable or animal drugs. All of the above. A & B only

8. -Anhydrous -will absorb water - hydrophilic -insoluble in water -most are not washable -anhydrous lanolin, hydrophilic petrolatum a. b. c. d. Water soluble bases Hydrocarbon bases Absorbtion bases emulsion bases (w/o)

9. -hydrous -will absorb water - insoluble in water - not washable - water in oil emulsion --lanolin, rose water ointment, cold cream a) b) c) d) emulsion bases (w/o) Absorbtion bases emulsion base (o/w) Hydrocarbon bases

10. -hydrous -will absorb water -insoluble in water -washable -oil-in-water emulsion -hydrophilic ointment

a) b) c) d)

Absorbtion bases emulsion base (o/w) emulsion bases (w/o) Hydrocarbon bases

11. - Anhydrous - Do not absorb water easily - insoluble in water - not washable - - white patrolatum, white ointment, yellow ointment a) b) c) d) emulsion base (o/w) Absorbtion bases Hydrocarbon bases Water soluble bases

12. -anhydrous -will absorb water -soluble in water -washable -greaseless -polyethelene glycol ointment a) b) c) d) Hydrocarbon bases Absorbtion bases emulsion base (o/w) Water soluble bases

13. Another name for polyethylene glycol polymer is: a) silica gel b) clays c) carbowax d) Brij 52

14. Vanishing cream is classified as: A- oleaginous base B- absorption base C- water-soluble base D- o/w bases 15. Glycerin in topical dermatological preparation act as: A- preservative B- sweetener C- humectant D- suspending agent 16. Ointments are typically used as: A- emmolients B- protective barriers C- vehicles for applying drugs D- all of the above
17. o/w emulsion w/ large % water and humectant (glycerin or propylene glycol) to retard surface evaporation; excess stearic acid helps form thin film when water evaporates a) b) c) d) Eucerin cream cold cream vanishing cream semisolid preps

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

nonmedicated or flavored syrup reverse osmosis tincture medicated elixir medicated syrup ion-exchange aromatic water nonmedicated elixir

1. water is subjected to crossflow membrane filtration. water under pressure is forced past a semi-permeable membrane. filtered water is collected and non-filtered water is discarded 2. water is passed through a column of cation- and anion-exchange resins which remove ions from the water 3. aqueous solution of a volatile substance 4. water is heated, then condensed. first and last 10% are discarded because they may contain volatile contaminants 5. concentrated, aqueous vehicle containing a sugar or sugar substitute 6. water soluble and alcohol soluble drug substances that are stable in hydroalcoholic solutions can be formulated as _________. 7. syrup containing one or more therapeutic agents. water-soluble drug substances that are stable in aqueous solutions can be formulated as these 8. liquid preparation of a vegetable drug that contains alcohol as a preservative, solvent, or both. contain therapeutic components of 1 g drug in 1 mL of solution

9.

sweetened, hydroalcoholic vehicles that contain alcohol soluble flavoring oils