Contents Reignition and Restrikes

By :- Himanshu Bahirat EE5220 : Power System Transients Date:- February 22, 2010 Normal and Abnormal Transients Reignition
Reactor Switching

Restrike
Capacitor switching Three phase capacitor switching Grounded vs. Ungrounded banks

Normal and Abnormal Transients

Normal Transients
Transients during energization
Up to 2 p.u. voltages No trapped charges assumed

Reactor Switching
Trapped Energy High Frequency oscillations of reactor voltage Dielectric Breakdown
Rs Ls CB

Capacitor Energization inrush currents and voltages

Abnormal Transients
During denergization
Trapped charges Very high voltages and currents Current Chopping

Interruption of currents
Restrikes and Reignitions

SC Vs

Reactor

Circuit Breaker Current : Reignition

900

Reactor Voltage :Reignition

4

Interruptionofcircuitcurrentwith reignition

[A] 700

AfterReignition

[p.u] 3

2
500

300

ReactorSiderecovery Voltage:Highfrequency Reignition:Current

75 [A]

100

-1

-100 0 10 20 30
-REACT

40

[ms]

50

50

-2

(f ile Reactor_Switching_reignitions_P56.pl4; x-v ar t) c:SRC

25

-3
0

-25

-4 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.9 [ms] 9.1

(file Reactor_Switching_reignitions_P56.pl4; x-var t) v:REACT factors: 1 8.88E-06 offsets: 0 0

-50

-75

-100 8.20

8.25

8.30

8.35

8.40
-REACT

8.45

8.50

8.55 [ms] 8.60

(f ile Reactor_Switching_reignitions_P56.pl4; x-v ar t) c:SRC

Reignition : Definition
A reignition occurs when a current is interrupted at current zero and then re-establishes itself within one-eight of a power frequency cycle [2].
120 [kV] 80 900 [A] 600

Capacitor Switching
Switching of normal load current Deenergization at system peak voltage Trapped charge on the capacitor
V

Reignition region

Ls

CB

40

300

-40

-300

Vs

Cap Bank

-80

-600

-120 0 10 20
c:XX0001-REACT

-900 30 40 [ms] 50

(file Reactor_Switching_reignitions_P56.pl4; x-var t) v:SRC

Capacitor Bank Trapped Voltage and TRV

Trapped Voltage on Capacitor Bank after deenergization
150 [kV] 100
300 [kV] 200

Restrikes and Voltage Escalation

800 [kV] 600 16 [kA] 12 8 400 4 200 0 0 -4

Circuit Breaker TRV

50

100

-200 -8
0

0
-100

-400

-12

-50
-200

-600 0 10
c:BUSA -CLRA

-16 20 30 40 [ms] 50

(file Restrike_Basics.pl4; x-var t) v:CAPA

-100
-300 0 10 20 30
v :BUSC -CLRC

40

[ms]

50

-150 0 10 20
v :CAPC

(f ile Restrike_Basics.pl4; x-v ar t) v :BUSB -CLRB

30

40

[ms]

50

(f ile Restrike_Basics.pl4; x-v ar t) v :CAPB

Voltage escalation with multiple restrikes Stored Voltage on Capacitor Bank increase with each restrike. (1st 3.p.u. 2nd 5 p.u Very high transient current spikes

Restrikes : TRV
6.0 [V]

Restrikes :Bus Voltage

800 [kV] 500

3.4

0.8

200

-1.8

-100

-400
-4.4

-700
-7.0 0 10 20 30 40 [ms] 50
(file Restrike_Basics.pl4; x-var t) v:BUSA -CLRA factors: 1 7.61E-06 offsets: 0 0

10

20

30

40

[ms]

50

(f ile Restrike_Basics.pl4; x-v ar t) v :BUSA

Restrikes :Ungrounded banks Capacitor Bank Voltage

4 [V] 3

Restrikes :Ungrounded banks Circuit Breaker TRV

3 [V] 2

1
1

0
0

-1
-1

-2
-2 0 10
v:CAPA 7.61E-06 0

20

30

40

[ms]

50

(file Restrike_Basics.pl4; x-var t) v:CAPC factors: 1 7.61E-06 offsets: 0 0

-3

Higher trapped voltages than the case of grounded banks. Restrike on phase A results in escalation on phase c. First restrike trapped voltage increases to about 3.5 p.u

-4

-5 0 10
v:BUSC -CLRC 7.61E-06 0

20

30

40

[ms]

50

(file Restrike_Basics.pl4; x-var t) v:BUSA -CLRA factors: 1 7.61E-06 offsets: 0 0

Restrike : Definition
The term restrike is defined as a re-establishment of the current, one-quarter cycle or longer, following interruption of a capacitive current at a normal current zero [1].
120 [kV] 80 900 [A] 600

Restrike and Reignition: Comparison

120 [kV] 80 900 [A]

Reignition region Restrikeregion

600

40

300

0
40

Restrikeregion

300

-40

-300

-40

-300

-80
-80 -600

-600

-120
-120 0 10 20
c:XX0001-REACT

-900 0 10 20
c:XX0001-REACT

-900 30 40 [ms] 50

30

40

[ms]

50

(file Reactor_Switching_reignitions_P56.pl4; x-var t) v:SRC

(file Reactor_Switching_reignitions_P56.pl4; x-var t) v:SRC

Conclusions
Abnormal transients are a result of trapped charges and energy. Reignitions and restrikes can lead to very magnitude transients. Multiple restrikes can damage circuit breakers and other equipments. Ungrounded Banks result in higher magnitude of transients than grounded banks. Can controlled with use of surge arresters.

References
1. N. E. Dillow, I. B. Johnson, N. R. Schultz, and A. E. Were, "Switching Capacitive Kilovolt-Amperes with Power Circuit Breakers," AIEE Transactions, pp. 188-200, 1952. 2. R. D. Garzon, High Voltage Circuit Breakers:Design and Applications: Marcel Dekker, Inc.,1996. 3. Shui-cheong Kam Modelling of Restriking and Reignition Phenomena in Threephase Capacitor and Shunt Reactor Switching. http://www.itee.uq.edu.au/~aupec/aupec06/htdocs/content/pdf/77.pdf 4. Allan Greenwood. Electrical Transients in Power Systems. Wiley, New York, NY.