Revision Indication

uop
UOP LLC 25 East Algonquin Road Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 USA

STANDARD SPECIFICATION
6-18-1
DATE

Page 1
STATUS APVD

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FLOW METERS AND PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS

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Entire Standard Specification has been rewritten 1. General 1.1 Scope a. b. This Standard Specification covers the basic requirements for flow meters, differential pressure transmitters, and pressure transmitters. Exceptions or variations shown in the UOP Project Specifications take precedence over requirements shown herein.

1.2

References Unless noted below, use the edition and addenda of each referenced document current on the date of this Standard Specification. When a referenced document incorporates another document, use the edition of that document required by the referenced document. a. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO 5167-1:1991 INCLUDING ISO 5167-1:1991/Amd.1:1998, Measurement of Fluid Flow by means of Pressure Differential Devices American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) MFC-3M-1989, Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Orifice, Nozzle, and Venturi ASME MFC-14M-2001, Measurement of Fluid Flow Using Small Bore Precision Orifice Meters Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook, by Richard Miller, 3rd Edition National, state, and local laws and codes

b. c. d. e. 1.3

Substitution Criteria Flow measurement equipment substituted for the equipment specified in the UOP Project Specifications shall be engineered such that any criteria that may impact process performance (e.g. accuracy, repeatability, speed of response, update rate, etc.) are equivalent to, or exceed the UOP specified equipment. It is both the Owners and Contractors responsibility to ensure equivalency. Process performance is especially important for metering equipment in control loops and those associated with unit mass balance streams.

2.

Flow Calculations To determine the actual flow being measured, UOP uses the measured orifice bore diameter/dimensions and the actual process conditions to calculate the actual meter maximum flow rate. The equations from ISO 5167-1:1991 INCLUDING ISO 5167-1:1991/Amd.1:1998 are used to determine the meter maximum flow rate. For those items that fall outside of ISO 5167, the equations from ASME MFC-14M-2001 or the Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook are

Form QUA-03-2

Revision Indication

uop
UOP LLC 25 East Algonquin Road Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 USA

STANDARD SPECIFICATION
6-18-1
DATE

Page 2
STATUS APVD

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FLOW METERS AND PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS

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20DEC01 Rewritten

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used. Proprietary flow measuring devices shall use equations and/or information provided by the vendor of the item. Primary element (orifice plate or venturi) sizing calculations shall be provided for each primary element, and the Contractor shall retain one copy of the sizing calculations for review by UOP personnel. For other types of flow meters, vendor specific calculation information shall be available for review by UOP personnel. 3. Standard Flow Measurement Equipment The standard flow measurement equipment shall generally be a differential head producing primary element (orifice plate or a venturi) and an electronic (analog or digital) differential pressure transmitter. 3.1 Orifice Plates a. Types (1) Concentric sharp edge orifice plates shall be used for most metering applications. For orifice bore diameters less than 0.25 inches (6.35 mm), a suitable strainer shall be installed preceding the meter. (2) Eccentric type orifice plates shall be used for fluids containing two phases. The eccentric type orifice plates shall have the bottom of the orifice bore approximately 0.01 times the pipe inside diameter (D) above the bottom inside wall of the pipe. Eccentric orifice plates shall be installed in horizontal meter runs only. (3) Quadrant edge orifice plates shall generally be provided for liquid flow measurement where low Reynolds numbers (less than 20000) are calculated for the normal process flow rate. (4) Prefabricated meter runs, consisting of upstream and downstream honed tubes, metering flanges, and orifice plate (honed flow meter runs), shall be provided for small flow metering applications where the pipe size is smaller than the 2 inch minimum of the conventional square edge orifice plate/meter run. In conjunction with this type of flow metering device, a suitable strainer shall be installed preceding the meter for orifice bore diameters less than 0.25 inches (6.35 mm). (5) Prefabricated meter runs with integral orifice meters (in-line type orifice assembly integrally mounted to a differential pressure transmitter) may be used for extremely small flow rates when specified on the UOP Project Specification. In conjunction with this type of flow metering device, a suitable strainer shall be installed preceding the meter.

Form QUA-03-2

Revision Indication

uop
UOP LLC 25 East Algonquin Road Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 USA

STANDARD SPECIFICATION
6-18-1
DATE

Page 3
STATUS APVD

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FLOW METERS AND PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS

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b.

Fabrication (1) The vendor's standard equations may be used to calculate the orifice bore diameter (d). (2) The Beta ratio (d/D) shall be within the following limits: (a) 0.10 and 0.70 inclusive for pipe sizes 2 inches and larger (b) 0.15 and 0.70 inclusive for honed flow prefabricated meter runs with flange taps (c) 0.10 and 0.80 inclusive for honed flow prefabricated meter runs with corner taps (d) Vendors recommendation for integral orifice prefabricated meter runs Where required, the pipe size shall be expanded in diameter to avoid d/D ratios exceeding the upper limits. (3) For horizontal meter run installations, drain or weep holes may be provided for orifice plates that have a bore diameter of 1 inch (25 mm) and larger. The drain or weep hole may be excluded from the orifice bore calculation. (4) Each orifice plate shall be provided with a tab that projects beyond the flange. The tab shall be stamped to indicate the orifice plate material, measured bore diameter, nominal pipe size, flange class, and identifying tag number. The tab shall also be in line with the drain or weep hole and shall clearly indicate the direction of flow. The information on the tab shall be visible when the orifice plate is installed in the flanges.

c.

Installation (1) The minimum pipe size for field fabricated orifice meter runs shall be 2 inches. For pipe sizes less than 2 inches, a prefabricated meter run (either honed flow or integral orifice meter) shall be used. The minimum pipe size for a prefabricated meter run is 1/2 inch. (2) Flow conditioning equipment, such as straightening vanes, is not recommended as an acceptable alternate for required upstream pipe lengths. (3) Orifice plates in 2 inch pipe sizes and larger shall be installed in tapped orifice flanges (flange taps). The pipe runs upstream and downstream of the orifice flanges shall be in accordance with UOP Standard Drawing 6-112. (4) Orifice plates for honed flow meters in 1/2 through 1-1/2 inch pipe sizes shall be installed in tapped orifice flanges (flange taps), or corner taps. The pipe runs upstream and downstream of the orifice flanges shall be in accordance with ASME MFC-14M. (5) Orifice plates for integral orifice meters in 1/2 through 1-1/2 inch pipe sizes shall be installed per the vendors recommendations. The pipe runs upstream and downstream of the orifice flanges shall also be in accordance with the vendors recommendations.

Form QUA-03-2

Revision Indication

uop
UOP LLC 25 East Algonquin Road Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 USA

STANDARD SPECIFICATION
6-18-1
DATE

Page 4
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(6) Orifice meter run smoothness, out of round, etc., shall conform to the requirements of ISO 5167-1:1991, or ASME MFC-14M, as applicable. (7) Thermowells shall not be located upstream of the orifice plate. Thermowells shall be located a minimum of 5 nominal pipe diameters downstream of the orifice plate. (8) The layout of the meter run and meter installation shall provide accessibility from a platform, portable stairs, or temporary ladder for servicing without increasing impulse line length. 3.2 Venturi a. b. c. d. e. f. g. The venturi shall be a Classical venturi tube as defined in ISO 5167-1:1991, or an ASME venturi tube as defined in ASME MFC-3M. The Beta ratio (d/D) shall be within the limits as defined in either ISO 5167-1:1991, or ASME MFC-3M, as applicable. The divergent section of the venturi shall have an included angle of 7 to 8 in order to minimize the permanent pressure loss. Flow conditioning equipment, such as straightening vanes, is not recommended as an acceptable alternate for required upstream pipe lengths. The pipe runs upstream and downstream of the venturi shall be in accordance with UOP Standard Drawing 6-134. Venturi meter run smoothness, out of round, etc., shall conform to the requirements of ISO 5167-1:1991. The layout of the meter run and meter installation shall be selected to provide accessibility from a platform, portable stairs, or temporary ladder for servicing without increasing impulse line length.

3.3

Pressure Tappings a. For orifice taps and venturi taps in horizontal lines, the following shall apply: (1) For liquid, steam, or condensable vapor lines the taps shall be in the horizontal. Tap locations other than in the horizontal, such as 45 taps, are not acceptable. (2) For gas lines, the taps shall be in the vertical on the top or not more than 45 from the vertical on the top. b. Other aspects of the pressure tappings shall be in accordance with ISO 5167-1:1991.

Form QUA-03-2

Revision Indication

uop
UOP LLC 25 East Algonquin Road Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 USA

STANDARD SPECIFICATION
6-18-1
DATE

Page 5
STATUS APVD

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4.

Absolute/Gauge Pressure and Differential Pressure Transmitter Requirements 4.1 Construction a. For differential pressure transmitters, the transmitter body shall have a static pressure rating of 1500 psig (105 kg/cm2(g)) or 150% of the operating pressure at the operating temperature shown on the UOP Project Specification, whichever is greater. For absolute and gauge pressure transmitters, the transmitter body shall have a static pressure rating of 1500 psig (105 kg/cm2(g)) or 150% of the sensor upper range limit (URL) at the operating temperature shown on the UOP Project Specification, whichever is greater. Transmitter internals in contact with the process (wetted parts) shall be type 316 stainless steel. In services that are corrosive to available transmitter internals, where plugging may occur, or high viscosity fluids are encountered, diaphragm seals compatible with the process fluid shall be used to isolate the transmitter internals from the process fluid. For differential pressure transmitters, measuring elements shall be capable of withstanding pressure up to that of the static pressure rating on either side of the measuring element without damage to the element. Any resultant zero shifts shall be limited to less than 1% of the calibrated span of the transmitter. For absolute and gauge pressure transmitters, measuring elements shall be capable of withstanding pressure up to that of the static pressure rating without damage to the element. Any resultant zero shifts shall be limited to less than 1% of the calibrated span of the transmitter.

b.

c.

d.

e.

4.2

Performance a. Response Time and Update Rate (1) For transmitters used in process control loops, response time and update rate shall be used in determining transmitter performance and both criteria shall be considered in the selection of the equipment. Response time is defined as the time it takes for the transmitter output to reach 63.2% of the actual step change in pressure. The response time includes any dead time associated with the initial step change in input signal and the transmitter output actually changing. Update rate is defined as the time interval between updates of the transmitted process measurement value. (2) As a minimum, pressure and differential pressure digital transmitters used in process control loops shall meet the following requirements: (a) Transmitters with an upper range limit of 30 inches (760 mm) H2O or less, shall have a response time of 600 milliseconds or less. Other transmitters shall have a response time of 500 milliseconds or less.

Form QUA-03-2

Revision Indication

uop
UOP LLC 25 East Algonquin Road Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 USA

STANDARD SPECIFICATION
6-18-1
DATE

Page 6
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(b) Transmitters shall have an update rate at least as fast as the table below. The table is based upon a transmitter update rate at least twice as fast as the proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller algorithm execution rate.
Controller Type Flow (P), Pressure, Differential Pressure Level (P) Output Signal Update Rate * 125 milliseconds 500 milliseconds

* Faster update rate/response time transmitters may be required for certain applications such as compressor antisurge control systems. Slow update rate/response time transmitters may degrade control performance. b. Process Measurement Communication Protocol The transmitter output signal for the specified range may be 4 - 20 mA, 4 - 20 mA with a digital communication protocol superimposed, or fully digital communication. The communication protocol shall not prevent the instrument from measuring and transmitting the process pressure or differential pressure, except when the instrument is being configured. c. Failure Mode The transmitter electronics shall be capable of monitoring its performance during normal operation. The diagnostics shall be able to detect both an input sensor failure and transmitter electronics failure. The sensor or electronics failure shall be transmitted to the host system (e.g. DCS, PLC) using a low milliamp signal (e.g. <3.75 mA ) or by using a fieldbus signal, depending on the capabilities of the host system. d. Electronic Damping The transmitter shall be capable of setting the electronic damping of the output to zero. Damping values shall be set to zero unless specified otherwise. e. Accuracy Better than +/- 0.15% of Span. f. Combined pressure and temperature effects (Total Performance) Better than +/- 1% of Span for a 50F (28C) temperature change, up to 1000 psig (70 kg/cm2(g)). g. Stability Better than +/- 0.5% of upper range limit for 1 year.

Form QUA-03-2

Revision Indication

uop
UOP LLC 25 East Algonquin Road Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 USA

STANDARD SPECIFICATION
6-18-1
DATE

Page 7
STATUS APVD

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h.

Calibration The instrument calibration shall be completed by the vendor prior to shipment of the instrument. Where applicable, calibration via a smart communicator is sufficient.

4.3

Transmitter Installation a. For differential pressure transmitters, impulse lines shall not be longer than indicated in the UOP Standard Drawings. Longer impulse lines will increase measurement error due to any specific gravity differences in the high and low impulse lines. Transmitter output signal indicators shall be readable from the associated control valve assembly (or other valve(s) as denoted on the UOP Piping and Instrument Diagram). An integrally mounted indicator is acceptable. If the piping layout is such that an integrally mounted indicator is not readable from the associated valve(s), then a separate indicator suitable for remote mounting shall be supplied.

b.

5.

Miscellaneous Flow Measurement Equipment 5.1 Averaging Pitot Element a. b. c. d. Averaging Pitot tube elements shall be permanently marked to indicate proper installation position and flow direction, unless they are bi-directional. As a minimum, the vendors recommended straight run pipe length requirements shall be used; however, longer lengths are preferred. Blowout prevention is required for removable elements. In large pipe diameters, or where high flow velocity may cause the element to deflect or vibrate, extra heavy flow elements and/or double ended support shall be used.

5.2

Turbine Type Flow Meters a. b. The accuracy of the meter shall be +/- 0.5% of the flow rate and the repeatability shall be +/- 0.1%. Turbine meters shall be designed with hydraulic balance to keep the rotor in place and shall have journal bearing construction. Designs using thrust bearing are not permitted. Material of construction for the journal bearing and rotor shaft shall be tungsten carbide. The materials of construction for the body and other wetted parts shall be suitable for hydrocarbon service as defined on the UOP Project Specification. The pickup coil shall be hermetically sealed or potted. The pickup coil wiring shall terminate at a terminal strip located on a remote mounted pulse amplifier. The wiring shall be suitable for the operating conditions shown on the UOP Project Specification. The length of wiring between the pickup coil and pulse amplifier shall be sufficient to permit the amplifier to be located as close to the meter as possible but not on the meter.

c.

d.

Form QUA-03-2

Revision Indication

uop
UOP LLC 25 East Algonquin Road Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 USA

STANDARD SPECIFICATION
6-18-1
DATE

Page 8
STATUS APVD

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The output signal of the amplifier shall be compatible with the associated remotely located equipment. e. f. g. Turbine meters shall be designed for operation at a minimum of 130% of the flow range specified, with no damage to the meter. Each turbine meter shall have a nameplate indicating the average pulses per unit volume over the meter range specified. Each turbine meter shall be calibrated for either vertical upflow or horizontal installation as specified on the UOP Project Specification. One copy of the calibration curve shall be provided with each meter. Strainers with the mesh size, material, and rating as noted on the UOP Project Specification shall be installed preceding each meter. Where the mesh size is not listed, the turbine meter vendors recommendation shall be followed. Turbine meters shall be marked to indicate the direction of flow. Tools required for removal of the pickup coil shall be provided with the meter. For each meter, one spare rotor and one spare pickup coil shall be provided.

h.

i. j. k. 5.3

Positive Displacement Meters a. b. c. d. e. The meter body configuration shall be constructed to minimize the pressure drop through the meter. Counters, where specified, shall be of the non-reset type with calibration adjustments. Counters shall be weatherproof. Straight through strainers with mesh size, material, and rating as noted on the UOP Project Specification shall be installed preceding each meter. The accuracy of measuring device shall be +/- 0.2% of full scale. Connections shall be clearly marked to indicate the direction of flow.

5.4

Rotameters a. b. Meter bodies shall be equipped with inlet and outlet float stops, and where feasible, cleanout plugs, which may be utilized as connection taps. Indicating scales shall have full length safety glass (or plastic) shielding, gasketed on both sides. Indicating scales shall be approximately 5 inches (125 mm) in length for extension meters used for transmitting service or for armored meters and 10 inches (250 mm) in length for local indicators not of the armored type. A 2-1/2 inch (65 mm) scale length for purge rate rotameters is acceptable.

Form QUA-03-2

Revision Indication

uop
UOP LLC 25 East Algonquin Road Des Plaines, Illinois 60017-5017 USA

STANDARD SPECIFICATION
6-18-1
DATE

Page 9
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c. d. e. f. g.

Gland assemblies shall be of "O" ring construction unless process conditions noted on the UOP Project Specification require otherwise. Tube construction shall be beaded, ribbed, or flat except for the plain tapered tubes used for armored type. Plain tapered tubes shall have internal guiding. Floats shall be self-cleaning and shall be designed for dimensional stability and maximum immunity to viscosity variations. Rotameters shall be completely assembled with all accessories before shipping. Accuracy shall be +/- 2% of full scale. For purge rate rotameters accuracy of +/- 10% of full scale is acceptable.

5.5

Magnetic Flow Meters a. b. c. d. The accuracy of the meter shall be +/- 0.5% of rate. The velocity through the tube shall determine the meter size based upon the selected vendors recommended velocities. The process conditions, indicated on the UOP Project Specification shall be considered in the selection of the lining, electrodes and grounding requirements. The meter installation shall assure that the meter body remains full of liquid. Vertical upflow installations are preferred.

5.6

Other Flow meters Other flow meter types, such as vortex, coriolis, thermal mass, etc., shall be in accordance with the applicable UOP Project Specification, notes and drawings.

6.

Nameplate A non-corroding nameplate shall be permanently attached to the instrument and shall contain as a minimum the following information. a. b. c. d. Equipment tag number Manufacturer name Model Serial number

Form QUA-03-2