Controll Structures

Control Structures
Control structures allow you to control the flow of your program's execution.
If left unchecked by control-flow statements, a program's logic will flow through statements from left to right, and top to bottom.
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Control Structures Sequences Selection-(Branching)
Repetition-(Looping)
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Control Structures Selection (Branching) IF
Select Case
Goto
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Control Structures Repetition For Next Do While
Do until
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Control Structures -Selection

IF Statement Branching statements are used to cause certain actions within a program if a certain condition is met. Syntax If <condition > Then statement If (Balance Check) < 0 Then Print "You are overdrawn"
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Control Structures -Selection Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim Number As Integer

Number = InputBox("Enter value")
If Number > 50 Then MsgBox("Pass")

End Sub
End Show
Control Structures
If Then and End If blocks If Then and statements: Syntax End If blocks allows multiple
IF <condition> then statement 1 statement 2 ................ statement n end if

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If Then end if
Private Sub Command1_Click() number = Text1.Text If number Mod 2 = 0 Then MsgBox ("Even") End If End Sub
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If Then end if
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim balance As Currency

Dim check As Currency balance = 5490.98
check = 9678.78
If balance - check < 0 Then Print "You are overdrawn"
Print "Authorities have been notified"

End If End Sub
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If Then else end if

If Balance - Check < 0 Then Print "You are overdrawn" Print "Authorities have been notified" Else Balance = Balance - Check End If Here, the same two lines are printed if you are overdrawn (Balance - Check < 0), but, if you are not overdrawn (Else), your new Balance is computed.
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If Then else end if Write a program to read marks and display Grade as Follows
Marks>=75 Grade is A
Marks<75 and >=65 Grade is B
Marks <65 and >=55 Grade is C

Other wise Grade is D
End Show
Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim Marks As Integer Dim Grade As String Marks = InputBox("Enter marks") If Marks >= 75 Then Grade = "A" ElseIf Marks >= 65 Then Grade = "B" ElseIf Marks >= 55 Then Grade = "C" ElseIf Marks >= 0 Then Grade = "D" Else MsgBox ("Invalid marks") End If MsgBox (Grade) End Sub
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Select Case
Select Case testexpression [Case expressionlist1 [statementblock-1]] [Case expressionlist2 [statementblock-2]] . . . [Case Else [statementblock-n]] End Select
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Select Case
Visual Basic provides the Select Case structure as an alternative to If...Then...Else for selectively
executing one block of statements from among

multiple blocks of statements. A Select Case
statement provides capability similar to the

If...Then...Else statement, but it makes codes more
readable when there are several choices.

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Select Case
Write a program to read a number and display whether odd or even using select case
Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim number As Integer number = InputBox("Enter integer") Select Case number Mod 2 Case 0 MsgBox ("Even number") Case 1 MsgBox ("Odd Number") End Select End Sub
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Select Case
Write a program to read marks and display Grade as Follows
Marks>=75 Grade is A
Marks<75 and >=65 Grade is B
Marks <65 and >=55 Grade is C

Other wise Grade is D
End Show
Select Case
Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim Marks As Integer Marks = InputBox("Enter integer") Select Case Marks Case 75 To 100 MsgBox ("A") Case 65 To 74 MsgBox ("B") Case 55 To 64 MsgBox ("C") Case 0 To 54 MsgBox ("D") Case Else MsgBox ("Invalid Marks") End Select End Sub
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The GoTo Statement Another branching statement.
The format is GoTo Label, where Label is a labeled line.
Labeled lines are formed by typing the Label followed by a colon.

.
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Line10: .. Goto Line10
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Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim number As Integer disp1: number = InputBox("Enter Number between 0 to 100") If number <= 100 Then MsgBox ("you entered " & number) Else GoTo disp1 End If End Sub
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For...Next
Private Sub Command1_Click() Print "Sri Lanka" Print "Sri Lanka" Print "Sri Lanka" Print "Sri Lanka" Print "Sri Lanka" Print "Sri Lanka" Print "Sri Lanka" Print "Sri Lanka" Print "Sri Lanka" Print "Sri Lanka" End Sub
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For...Next
When you know you must execute
statements a specific number of times,

ForNext loop is the better choice.
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Cont
For loop uses a variable called a
counter that increases or decreases

in value during each repetition of the loop.
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The syntax is:

For counter = start To end [Step statement Statement statement . increment]
Next [counter]
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Cont
The arguments counter, start, end, and increment are all numeric. The increment argument can be either positive or negative. If increment is positive, start must be less than or equal to end or the statements in the loop will not execute.
For i=1 to 100 step 5

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Cont
If increment is negative start must be greater than or equal to end for the body of the loop to execute.
For i=100 to 1 step -5

If Step isn't set, then increment defaults to 1. In executing the For loop, Visual Basic: Sets counter equal to start.
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In executing the For loop, Visual Basic:

1. Sets counter equal to start.
2. Tests to see if counter is greater than end. If this is so, Visual Basic exits the loop.
3. Executes the statements.

4. Increments counter by 1 or by increment, if it's specified. 5. Repeats steps 2 through 4.
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Cont
Test to see if counter is greater than end. Set counter equal to start Increments counter by 1 or by increment, if it's specified.
4 increment]
FOR counter = start TO end [STEP
statement
Statement statement
Executes the statements.
NEXT [counter]
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Cont
4 increment]
statement
Statement statement NEXT [counter]
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Cont
4 increment]
statement
Statement statement NEXT [counter]
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Cont
4 increment]
statement
Statement statement
NEXT [counter]
End Show
Cont
4 increment]
statement
Statement statement
NEXT [counter]
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Cont
4 increment]
statement
Statement statement
NEXT [counter]
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Cont
Sets counter equal to 1 Tests to see if counter is greater than 5
Increments counter by 1 or by increment, if it's specified.
2 5
4
1
FOR counter = 1 TO PRINT COUNTER NEXT counter 3
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Write a program to Sri Lanka Five times

Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim i As Integer
Cont
For i = 1 To 10
Print "Sri Lanka" Next End Sub
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1. Write a program to read ten numbers and display the total; 2. Write a program to read 15 numbers and display the average.
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Write a program to Display the Following numbers
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Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim i,j as Integer
For i = 1 To 3 For j = 1 To 4 Print i,j Next j

Next i End Sub
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Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim i,j as Integer 0

Next i End Sub
End Show

Next i End Sub
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i<3 ?

Next i End Sub
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i<3 ? yes

Next i End Sub
End Show

Next i End Sub
End Show

Next i End Sub
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Dim i,j as Integer

For i = 1 To 3 For j = 1 To 4 Print i,j Next j Next i End Sub
j<4
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Dim i,j as Integer

For i = 1 To 3 For j = 1 To 4 Print i,j Next j Next i End Sub
j<4 Yes
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For i = 1 To 3 For j = 1 To 4 Print i ,j Next j

Next i End Sub
i
1 1
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Dim i,j as Integer

For i = 1 To 3 For j = 1 To 4 Print i ,j Next j Next i End Sub
i
1 1
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1
End Show

Next i End Sub
J<4 ?
i
1 1
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Dim i,j as Integer

J<4 ? Yes i 1 1
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 2
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Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim i,j as Integer 1 2

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 2
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 2
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Dim i,j as Integer

J<4
i
1 1 1 2
End Show

Next i End Sub
J<4 yes
i
1 1 1 2
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 1 2 3
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 1 2 3
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 1 2 3
End Show

Next i End Sub
J<4 ?
i
1 1 1 1 2 3
End Show

Next i End Sub
J<4 ? Yes
i
1 1 1 1 2 3
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
End Show

Next i End Sub
J<4 ?
i
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
End Show

Next i End Sub
i J<4 No
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
End Show
i<3 ?
Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
End Show
i<3 ? Yes
Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
End Show

Next i End Sub
i
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
End Show

Next i End Sub
J<4 ?
i
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
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Dim i,j as Integer

J<4 ? Yes
i
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4
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Dim i,j as Integer

J<4 ? Yes
i
1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 4 1
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Write a program to read 6 number and Display total

Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim i As Integer Dim number As Integer
Dim tot As Integer

For i = 1 To 6 number = InputBox("Enter number") tot = tot + number Next MsgBox (tot) End Sub
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1. Write a program to read ten numbers and display the total. 2. Write a program to read 15 numbers and display the average.
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Do while
Do...Loop Use a Do loop to execute a block of statements an indefinite number of times.

There are several variations of the Do...Loop statement, but each evaluates a numeric condition to determine whether to continue execution. Do...Loop, the statements execute as long as the condition is True:
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Do while Do While condition statements Loop
When Visual Basic executes this Do loop, it first tests condition.

If it's True (nonzero), Visual Basic executes the statements and then goes back to the Do While statement and tests the condition again.
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Write a program to Display Sri lanka 10 times

Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim i As Integer
Do While i < 10
Print "Sri Lanka" i=i+1 Loop End Sub
End Show
Do while If condition is False (zero), it skips past all the statements.

Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim counter As Integer counter = 1 Do While counter <= 15 Print counter counter = counter + 1 Loop
End Sub
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Do while
Another variation of the Do...Loop statement

Do statements Loop While condition
executes the statements first and then tests condition after each execution. This variation guarantees at least one execution of statements:
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Write a program to Display Sri lanka 10 times

Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim i As Integer Do Print "Sri Lanka" i=i+1 Loop While i < 10 End Sub
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Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim Sum As Integer Sum = 0 Do Sum = Sum + 5 Print Sum
Loop While Sum <= 50

End Sub
End Show
Do Until Loop Do Until condition statements Loop
Do Until/Loop structure will execute until condition is false

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Do Until Loop Cont

Dim Sum As Integer Sum = 0 Do Until Sum >= 50 Sum = Sum + 5
Print Sum
Loop End Sub
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Do Until Loop Cont

Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim Sum As Integer Sum = 0 Do Sum = Sum + 5
Print Sum
Loop Until Sum >= 50 End Sub
End Show
Control structures
Two other variations are analogous to the previous two, except that they loop as long as condition is False rather than True.
Loop zero or more times Do Until condition statements Loop Loop at least once Do statements Loop Until condition

Controll Structures

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Control Structures

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Control Structures Sequences Selection-(Branching)

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Control Structures Selection (Branching) IF

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Control Structures Repetition For Next Do While

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Control Structures -Selection

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Control Structures -Selection Private Sub Command1_Click()

Dim Number As Integer

If Number > 50 Then MsgBox("Pass")

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IF <condition> then statement 1 statement 2 ................ statement n end if

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Dim balance As Currency

Print "Authorities have been notified"

If Then else end if

Marks <65 and >=55 Grade is C

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IT Department - National Institute of Education

executing one block of statements from among

statement provides capability similar to the

readable when there are several choices.

Write a program to read marks and display Grade as Follows

Marks <65 and >=55 Grade is C

The GoTo Statement Another branching statement.

The format is GoTo Label, where Label is a labeled line.

Labeled lines are formed by typing the Label followed by a colon.

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Line10: .. Goto Line10

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IT Department - National Institute of Education

IT Department - National Institute of Education

When you know you must execute

statements a specific number of times,

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For loop uses a variable called a

counter that increases or decreases

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The syntax is:

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For i=1 to 100 step 5

For i=100 to 1 step -5

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In executing the For loop, Visual Basic:

3. Executes the statements.

FOR counter = start TO end [STEP

Executes the statements.

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FOR counter = start TO end [STEP

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FOR counter = start TO end [STEP

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FOR counter = start TO end [STEP

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FOR counter = start TO end [STEP

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FOR counter = start TO end [STEP

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Sets counter equal to 1 Tests to see if counter is greater than 5

Increments counter by 1 or by increment, if it's specified.

FOR counter = 1 TO PRINT COUNTER NEXT counter 3