Appendixes

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APPENDIX 1
LESSON PLAN

School : SMA NEGERI 2 PADANGSIDIMPUAN
Subject : English Language
Standard of Content : Understanding analytical exposition.
Class : XI (Eleventh)
Semester : 2 (Second)
Time : 12 x 40
Standard of Competence : Reading
Understanding short functional written text and essay in the form
of analytical exposition in daily life to access knowledge.
Basic Competence :Responding the meaning and rhetorical steps of an essay using
written language accurately, fluently, and understandably in daily
life and to access knowledge in the form of analytical exposition.
Indicator
1. Students Grade XI by their selves will able to the meaning of analytical exposition
text. Time is needed 15 minutes. Achievement 80 %
2. Students Grade XI discuss by democratic the rhetorical steps of an analytical
exposition text. Time is needed 30 minutes. Achievement 80 %
3. Students Grade XI by responsibility the understandably in daily life and to access
knowledge in the form of analytical exposition text. Time is needed 20 minutes.
Achievement 80 %

Course Objectives
Students will be able to
1. Respond the meaning of analytical exposition text by their selves.
2. Respond the rhetorical steps of an analytical exposition text by democratic.
3. Respond the understandably in daily life and to access knowledge in the form of
analytical exposition text by responsibility.
Material

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1. Analytical exposition text
2. Rhetorical steps of an analytical exposition text
3. Contents of an analytical exposition text.
Technique
Think-Pair-Share Technique (Experimental)
Conventional (Control)

Learning Process Experimental
First Time (Pre-Test)
NO Learning Process Time
Teacher Students
1.

2.

3.

Introduction
1. Greeting
2. The teacher gives pretest
Content
1. The teacher tells about the
standard of competence and
basic competence
2. The teacher gives some
questions
3. Discussion
4. Tells about the content of
analytical exposition text
5. The teacher asks students
about something not clear
Conclusion
Telling the conclusion from

1. Answer the greeting
2. Do pretest

1. Listening the teacher

2. Answer the question

3. Discussion

5. Respond the teacher

The students find the
conclusion from analytical
exposition text

5 minutes
30 minutes

5 minutes

10 minutes

15 minutes

5 minutes

5 minutes

Second Time (Treatment)

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Teacher Students
1.

2.

Introduction
1. Greeting
2. Telling standard of content
3. Telling basic competence

Content
1. THINKING
The teacher commands the
students are seated in
group of 4, and numbered
from 1 to 4.
2. The teacher gives students
an analytical exposition text
to be read by themselves.
3. The teacher commands
students 5 minutes to read
and think the topic and
structure of the text.
4. PAIR
The teacher asks students to
be in pairs with their
partner to discuss the topic
and structure of the text
(Student number 1 and
number 2 will be partner.
Students number3 and
number4 will be partner.
5. SHARE
The students are asked to


1. THINKING
The students make in 4
groups, and numbered
from 1 to 4.

2. The students read an

3. The students find topic
and structure of the text

4. PAIR
The students make a pair
with their partner and
discuss the topic and
structure of the text

5. SHARE
The students share their

5 minutes

15 minutes

30 minutes

20 minutes

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3.
share their ideas to the
larger group (number 1, 2,
3, and 4 will be a group).
6. The student from each
group are asked to share
their discussion result with
the class.
Conclusion
ideas to the larger group

6. The students share their
discussion result with the
class.

exposition text

10 minutes

Third Time (Post-Test)
Teacher Students
1.

2.

3.
Introduction
1. Greeting
2. Telling will do posttest

Content
1. Discussion about last
material
2. Gives posttest
Conclusion


1. Discussion

2. Do posttest

exposition text

5 minutes

25 minutes

45 minutes

5 minutes

Learning Process Control
First Time (Pre-Test)

xlviii

Teacher Students
1.

2.

3.

Introduction
1. Greeting
2. The teacher gives pretest

Content
1. The teacher tells about the
standard of competence and
basic competence
2. The teacher gives some
questions
3. Discussion
4. Tells about the content of
5. The teacher asks students
about something not clear

Conclusion

2. Do pretest


2. Answer the question

3. Discussion

5. Respond the teacher

exposition text

5 minutes
30 minutes

5 minutes

10 minutes

15 minutes

5 minutes

5 minutes

Second Time (Treatment)
Teacher Students
1.

Introduction
1. Greeting
2. The teacher tells about
course of objectives and
basic competences


10 minutes

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2.

3.

Content
1. The students are asked to
read the text and are teach
how to pronounce difficult
words and to read in the
good intonation.
2. The students are asked
finding the meaning of the
difficult words.
Conclusion

1. The students give respond

2. The students finding the
meaning of the difficult
words

exposition text

30 minutes

30 minutes

10 minutes

Third Time (Post-Test)
Teacher Students
1.

2.

3.
Introduction
1. Greeting
2. Telling will do posttest

Content
1. Discussion about last
material
2. Gives posttest

Conclusion


1. Discussion

2. Do posttest


5 minutes

5 minutes

45 minutes

5 minutes

l

exposition text

Media/Sources
1. Media
a. Book
b. Whiteboard
c. Marker
2. Source
a. Mulya Astuti, Eka. 2006. English Zone for Senior High School Year XI. Jakarta:
Penerbit Erlangga.
b. Doddy, Achmad et. Al.2008. Developing English Competencies for Senior High
School (SMA/MA) Grade XI of Language Programme. Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan,
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
c. Sugeng, Bambang and Zaimah, Noor. 2009. Contextual English 2 for Grade XI of
Senior High Schools Physical Sciences and Social Sciences Majors. Solo : PT Tiga
Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri.

Evaluation
1. Technique
Think-Pair-Share Technique (Experimental)
Conventional (Control)
2. Instrument Test
a. True-False
b. Multiple choice
Instrument of Assessment
NO Indicator Technique of
Assessment
Instrument Test

Note
1.

2.
Respond the meaning of
analytical exposition text by
their selves.
Respond the rhetorical steps of

Written Test

Scanning Test

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3.
an analytical exposition text by
democratic.
Respond the understandably in
daily life and to access
knowledge in the form of
analytical exposition text by
responsibility.
True-False Test
Multiple choice

A. Item Test
1. True-False : 10 items
2. Multiple Choice : 30 items

B. Aspect
Levels of
Comprehension
(Test Item)
Literal Interpretative Critical
Part I

- 3 (6,8,10) 7(1,2,7
3,4,5,9)
Part II

14 (7,9,10,
11,12,14,
17,19,21,22,25,27,2
9,30)
16 (1,2,3,4,5,
6,8,13,15,16,
18,20,23,24,
26,28)
-
Totals 14 19 7
40

C. Rubric
NO Aspect Score
1 Answer True 1
2 Answer False 0
3 Answer Empty 0

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D. Score
Level of Comprehension = 100
Items
Correct
%

Padangsidimpuan, April 2012
RESEARCHER

ADE YUSRINA
NIM. 08 340 004

APPENDIX 2
INSTRUMENT TEST (Pre-Test before testing validity)

Read the following text. Then answer the questions.
The Importance of Rainforests
Rainforests are one of the most complicated environments on Earth. They are recognized
worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and animals and believed to contain nearly
three-quarters of all the varieties of life on Earth. This is remarkable because rainforests cover
only about six per cent of Earths land surface.
Rainforest are the oldest major ecosystem, having survived climate changes for more
than one million years. They provide habitats for more species of plants, animals, insects and
birds than any other environment found on our planet. Scientists estimate that between 60 and 90
per cent of all species of life are to be found in rain forests. Unfortunately, the widespread
destruction of many of the worlds rainforests has caused a significant decline in the number of
plant and animal species on earth.
Rainforests in influence both our local and global climates. For example, between 50 and
80 per cent of the moisture in the air above rainforests comes from the rainforests trees. If large

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areas of these lush rainforests are cleared, the average rainfall in the area will drop. Eventually,
the areas climate will get hotter and drier. This process could convert rainforests into a sparse
grassland or desert.
Rainforests are also able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and
mosses. By doing this, they are able to slow down water run-off by gradually releasing the water
over time into streams and drivers. This helps to control soil erosion and flooding.
Rainforests are vital to the Earth in helping to recycle carbon and oxygen. Carbon dioxide
(CO2) is the gas put into the air globally by humans, mainly by the burning of fossil fuels (for
example in cars and factories ). Rainforests are able to remove carbon dioxide from the air and
return oxygen in its place. This is why our global rainforests are often called the Earths lungs.
Rainforests are major producers of the Earths oxygen. In fact, scientists believe that
nearly 50 per cent of the Earths oxygen is produced by rainforests in the Amazon region alone.
Nearly 40 per cent of the worlds carbon is contained in the trees of the rainforests. As
rainforests are cut down and burned, carbon dioxide is released into the Earths atmosphere.
Eventually, as this gas builds up the atmosphere, leading to what scientists call the enhanced
greenhouse effect.
To sum up, the role of the rainforest is essential for human life. It creates equilibrium in
our environment and its resources are significant for human beings survival.
(Source: Developing English Competencies for Senior School SMA/MA Grade XI of Language
Programme, Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Tahun 2008)

Part I
Choose T if the statement is true and F if it is false according to the text.
1. Rainforests are not one of the most complicated environments on Earth
2. Rainforests are recognized worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and
animals
3. They provide habitats for more species of plants, animals, insects and birds than any
other environment found on our planet
4. Scientists estimate more than 50 per cent of all species of life are to be found in rain
forests
5. Between 50 and 80 per cent of the moisture in the air above rainforests comes from
the rainforests trees
6. The areas climate will get hotter and drier
7. Rainforests are also able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and
mosses

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8. Rainforests are not able to remove carbon dioxide from the air and return oxygen in
its place
9. Less 40 and 80 percent of the worlds carbon is contained in the trees of the
rainforests
10. Gas builds up the atmosphere, leading to what scientists call the enhanced greenhouse
effect

Part II
Choose one the correct answer of each following question!

11. What does the text tell us about?
a. Rainforests
b. Rainforests in the Earth
c. The advantages of rainforest
d. Habitats in the rainforests

12. The first paragraph tells us that.
a. The most complicated environments on Earth is rainforests
b. The richest source of plans and animals
c. Rainforest cover only six percent of Earths land surface
d. Varieties of life on Earth

13. What is the main idea of paragraph two?
a. Rain forests habitats
b. Rain forests species
c. Rain forests ecosystem
d. Rain forests climates

14. The following sentences is FALSE according to the text .
a. Rainforests are recognized worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and
animals
b. They provide habitats for more species of plants, animals, insects and birds than any
c. The areas climate will get hotter and drier
d. Rainforests are not able to remove carbon dioxide from the air and return oxygen in
its place

15. What are the disadvantage of rainforests based on the text.
a. Helping to recycle carbon and oxygen
b. Rainforests are major producers of the Earths oxygen
c. Rainforests are essential for human life
d. Rainforests arent the oldest major ecosystem

16. The following sentence is true from the third paragraph
a. Only 40 percent of the moisture in the air above rainforests comes from the
rainforest trees

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b. Rainforests in influence both our local and global climates
c. Between 50 and 80 percent of the moisture in the water above rainforests comes
from rainforests
d. Rainforests are the oldest major ecosystem

17. What is the supportive sentence from the fourth paragraph?
a. Rainforests are absorb over 90 percent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses
b. They are able to slow down water run-off by gradually releasing the water over time
into streams and drivers
c. The role of the rainforest is essential for human life
d. As rainforests are cut down and burned

18. The writers statement about the rainforests are one of the most complicated
environments on Earth is found in
a. Fourth paragraph
b. Third paragraph
c. Second paragraph
d. First paragraph

19. What is the elaboration sentence from the three paragraph?
a. Rainforests in influence both our local and global climates
b. Eventually, the areas climate will get hotter and drier.
c. For example, between 50 and 80 per cent of the moisture in the air above rainforests
comes from the rainforests trees
d. To sum up, the role of the rainforest is essential for human life

20. This paragraph 1 line 3 refers to
a. Rainforests
b. Earth
c. Contain nearly three-quarters of all the varieties of life
d. Containing the richest source of plants and animals

21. Scientists that nearly 50 per cent of the Earths oxygen is produced by rainforests in
the Amazon region alone.
a. Inform
b. Informs
c. Believe
d. Believes

22. The following sentences are FALSE according to the text, except
a. Rainforests are not one of the most complicated environments on Earth
b. Scientists estimate more than 50 per cent of all species of life are to be found in rain
forests
c. Between 50 and 80 per cent of the moisture in the air above rainforests comes from

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d. Rainforests are not able to remove carbon dioxide from the air and return oxygen in
its place

23. Scientists estimate that between 60 and 90 per cent of all species of life are to be found
in rain forests. The underline word means that scientist .
a. Helps the human in the world
b. Thinking about much of species in the world
c. Give opinion about how percent of all species of life
d. Inform human to keep species

24. 1. Rainforests are able to remove carbon dioxide from the air and return oxygen in its
place
2. Carbon dioxide is the gas put into the air globally by human, mainly by the burning
of fossil fuels.
3. Rainforests are vital to the Earth in helping to recycle carbon and oxygen
4. This is why our global rainforests are often called the Earths lungs
The best arrangement of the above sentences to make a paragraph is
a. 3-2-1-4
b. 3-1-2-4
c. 1-3-2-4
d. 1-2-3-4

25. The fifth paragraph tells about
a. Rainforests are one of the most complicated environments on Earth.
b. Scientists estimate that between 60 and 90 per cent of all species of life are to be
found in rain forests.
c. Rainforests are also able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and
mosses.
d. Rainforests are vital to the Earth in helping to recycle carbon and oxygen.

26. We can learn from the text that
a. Keep the world from the pollution
b. The bad do can make flood and erosion
c. Only rainforest will give lifeless to the human
d. Rainforests resources are significant for human beings survival

27. The following sentences are TRUE according to the text, except
a. Rainforests are recognized worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and
animals
b. Less 40 and 80 percent of the worlds carbon is contained in the trees of the
rainforests
c. Gas builds up the atmosphere, leading to what scientists call the enhanced
greenhouse effect
d. Rainforests are also able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and
mosses

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28. From the text above we know that the area of rainforest is
a. Still the same as some years ago
b. Getting smaller
c. Wider than before
d. Clearer than usual

29. By reading the text, we can conclude that Rainforest is
a. recognized worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and animals
b. essential for human life.
c. helping to recycle carbon and oxygen
d. able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses.

30. Into is released carbon dioxide As rainforests are cut down and burned the Earths
1 2 3 4 5 6
atmosphere.
7
The correct arrangement is.
a. 1-2-3-4-5-6-7
b. 4-5-3-2-1-6-7
c. 4-5-6-7-3-2-1
d. 3-2-1-6-7-4-5

31. What is the definition from carbon dioxide ?
a. The gas put into the air globally by humans
b. The air and return oxygen in the place
c. The gas to help human in the life
d. The air put in the Amazon region alone

32. The sixth paragraph is the conclusion of the text since
a. Eventually, as this gas builds up the atmosphere, leading to what scientists call the
enhanced greenhouse effect.
b. In fact, scientists believe that nearly 50 per cent of the Earths oxygen
c. produced by rainforests in the Amazon region alone.
d. carbon dioxide is released into the Earths atmosphere

33. The meaning of They in the line 2 paragraph 2 is
a. insects and birds
b. habitats
c. Rainforests
d. species of plants

34. They are able to slow down water run-off by gradually releasing the water over time
into streams and drivers. Its can be found in the
a. Second paragraph
b. Third paragraph
c. Fourth paragraph

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d. Fifth paragraph

35. Between 50 and 80 per cent of the moisture in the above rainforests comes from the
rainforests trees.
a. Water
b. Gas
c. Earth
d. Air

36. It in the seventh paragraph refers to
a. Human
b. Rainforest
c. Environment
d. Greenhouse

37. This in paragraph 4 line 3 refers to
a. releasing the water over time into streams and drivers
b. leaves and mosses
c. erosion and flooding
d. Rainforests

38. As rainforests are cut down and burned, carbon dioxide is released into the.
a. Earths habitats
b. Earths climates
c. Earths seas
d. Earths atmosphere

39. Scientists estimate that between of all species of life are to be found in rain forests.
a. 50 and 80 percent
b. 70 and 80 percent
c. 60 and 90 percent
d. 40 and 70 percent

40. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the gas put into the air globally by humans, mainly by the
burning of fossil fuels (for example in cars and factories ). Which paragraph does
support this statement?
a. Fourth paragraph
b. Fifth paragraph
c. Sixth paragraph
d. Seventh paragraph

other found on our planet.
a. requirement
b. environment
c. important

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d. equilibrium

42. To sum up, the role of rainforest is essential for human life. (The last paragraph). What
is the underline word mean?
a. Advantage
b. Disadvantage
c. Importance
d. Effect

43. The average rainfall in the area will drop. The sentence will found in
a. Third paragraph
b. Fourth paragraph
c. Fifth paragraph
d. Sixth paragraph

a. leaves and mosses
b. rainfall
c. water
d. rainforests

45. If large areas of these lush rainforests are cleared, the average rainfall in the area will
drop. The synonym of the underlined word is
a. Descend
b. Falling
c. Depression
d. Turn off

46. The text shows that rainforests
a. Have many advantages for human life
b. Have producers of the Earths all of gas
c. Helping to recycle of all the gas
d. Only helps to control soil erosion and flooding

47. Rainforests are.
a. one of the most complicated environments on Earth
b. the oldest major ecosystem
c. able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses
d. all of them are true

48. More than of all medicines sold in pharmacies originate from rainforests.
a. 20 percent
b. 30 percent
c. 40 percent
d. 50 percent

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49. The reiteration statement from the text is
a. To sum up, the role of the rainforest is essential for human life. It creates equilibrium
in our environment and its resources are significant for human beings survival.
b. To sum up, the role of the rainforest is essential for human life
c. It creates equilibrium in our environment
d. Its resources are significant for human beings survival.

50. The conclusion from the text is found in
a. Eight paragraph
b. The last paragraph
c. The sixth paragraph
d. All ending each paragraph

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APPENDIX 3
INSTRUMENT TEST (Post-Test before testing validity)

Rainforests as Economic Reserves
We discovered previously that rainforests are essential to our life on Earth. They also
provide a rich variety of economic resources that are used all over the world. This presents
countries with a serious dilemma. Rainforests are used a number of economic purposes, ranging
from agricultural to urban and industrial use. The dilemma facing many rainforest-rich countries,
including Australia, is that, as these economic demands grow, the planers rainforests are placed
under increasing threat of destruction. The economic resources enormous. Here are just some of
the more important ones.
Foods
Nearly 50 percent of the worlds food supplies originate in rainforest areas. Items that we
commonly buy from the supermarket, such as bananas, pineapples, mangoes, peanuts,
macadamia nuts and cashews, all originated in rainforests. Many popular foods like rice, corn
and maize also come from the rainforests, as do tea, coffee, cocoa and sugar.
Recreation
Rainforests are becoming increasingly popular places for people to visit because they are
seen as areas of wilderness and natural beauty. People take part in activities such as fishing,
bushwalking, rock climbing and four-wheel driving. The overuse of rainforests for tourist
activities has led governments to pass laws restricting activities in these forests. The Daintree
region in northern Queensland is one area where the government has passed laws regulating
rainforest activities.

Medicines and drugs
Many medicines and drugs sold by the local pharmacist come from plants that grow in
rainforests. For example, medicines used for travel sickness, headaches, stomach upsets, skin
diseases and leukemia all come from the rainforest. In fact, nearly 40 per cent of all medicines
sold in chemists.

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Industrial and building products
Rainforests provide many products used by the community for urban development. These
include timber converted into building materials for house forming furniture, fencing, panel
products and flooring. Rainforests also supply wood chip used in making cardboard, toilet tissue
and the pulp used for same papers.
Many industrial products also originate from the rainforests. Spices, rubber, oils, waves,
dyes and gums are just some examples. Even everyday products such as toothpaste, cosmetics,
treys, paints and deodorants are produced from plants growing in rainforest areas.
Sustainable development
Scientists believe that over 200 000 square kilometers of rainforest are being destroyed
each year for economic purpose. Most people would acknowledge the economic importance of
the worlds rainforests. However, there needs to be a balance between the way we are currently
using our rainforests and the future availability of these resources. This is now commonly being
referred to as ecologically sustainable development.
For example, conservationists, governments and industry groups believe that timber
should be harvested from forests in a sustainable way. This should be done without permanently
damaging the home of other plants and animals, the soil or rivers and creeks. This is a very
complex task. It involves ensuring trees that are removed from the forest are replaced by
seedlings that will form of the new forest.

Part I
Still in pairs, state whether each of these statements is true of false (T-F)
1. Rainforests are unimportant to our life on Earth.
2. The economic resources which rainforests provide vary.
3. Many rainforests rich countries are facing a situation in which it is very difficult to do
with their rainforests
4. The economic resources provided by the worlds rainforests are extremely small
5. Less than 50 percent of the worlds food supplies originate in rainforests areas
6. Rainforests are becoming more and more unpopular places for people to visit
7. Government pass laws restricting activities in the forests due to the overuse of rainforests
for tourist activities
8. More than 40 percent of all medicines sold in chemists originate from rainforests
9. More than 200 000 square kilometers of rainforest are being destroyed each year for
economic purpose

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10. There needs to be a balance between the way we are currently using our rainforests and
the future availability of these resources

Part II

e. Rainforests
f. Rainforests in the Earth
g. The advantages of rainforest as economic reserves
h. Habitats in the rainforests

e. The most complicated environments on Earth is rainforests
f. The richest source of plans and animals
g. Rainforests are essential to our life in Earth
h. Varieties of life on Earth

e. Rain forests habitats
f. Rain forests species
g. Rain forests ecosystem
h. Rain forests products of food

14. The following sentences is true according to the text .
e. Rainforests are recognized worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and
animals
f. Less than 50 percent of the worlds food supplies originate in rainforests areas
g. The areas climate will get hotter and drier
h. Rainforests are becoming more and more unpopular places for people to visit

e. Helping to recycle carbon and oxygen
f. Rainforests are major producers of the Earths food
g. Rainforests are essential for human life
h. Rainforests arent the oldest major food, medicines and drugs

e. Only 40 percent of the moisture in the air above rainforests comes from the
rainforest trees

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f. Rainforests are becoming increasingly popular places for people to visit
g. Between 50 and 80 percent of the moisture in the water above rainforests comes
from rainforests
h. Rainforests are the oldest major ecosystem

e. Rainforests are absorb over 90 percent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses
f. Medicines used for travel sickness, headaches, stomach upsets, skin diseases and
leukemia all come from the rainforest
g. The role of the rainforest is essential for human life
h. As rainforests are cut down and burned

18. The writers statement about the economic purposes rainforests used for is found in
e. First paragraph
f. Fourth paragraph
g. Third paragraph
h. Second paragraph

e. Rainforests in influence both our local and global climates
f. Eventually, the areas climate will get hotter and drier.
g. People take part in activities such as fishing, bushwalking, rock climbing and four-
wheel driving
h. To sum up, the role of the rainforest is essential for human life

20. This paragraph 1 line 3 refers to
e. Rainforests
f. Earth
g. Economic resources
h. Containing the richest source of plants and animals

21. Scientists . that over 200 000 square kilometers of rainforest are being destroyed each
year for economic purpose.
a. Believes
b. Believe
c. Informs
d. Inform

e. Still the same as some years ago
f. Getting smaller
g. Wider than before
h. Clearer than usual

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23. The following sentences are FALSE according to the text, except
e. Rainforests are unimportant to our life on Earth.
f. The economic resources provided by the worlds rainforests are extremely small.
g. The economic resources which rainforests provide vary.
h. Rainforests are becoming more and more unpopular as places for people to visit
.
e. Rainforests are one of the most complicated environments on Earth.
f. Industrial and building products
g. Rainforests are also able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and
mosses.
h. Rainforests are vital to the Earth in helping to recycle carbon and oxygen.

e. More than 200.000 square kilometers of rainforests are being destroyed each year for
economic purposes.
f. More than 40 percent of all medicines sold in pharmacies originate from rainforests.
g. There needs to be a balance between the way we are currently using our rainforests
and the future availability of these resources.
h. Less than 50 per cent of the worlds food supplies originate in rainforest areas.

26. The dilemma facing many rainforest-rich countries, including Australia, is that, as these
economic demands grow, the planers rainforests are placed under increasing threat of
destruction.
a. Demanding
b. Demanded
c. Demand
d. Demands

27. By reading the text, we can conclude that Rainforest as
e. recognized worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and animals
f. economic reserves
g. helping to recycle carbon and oxygen
h. able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses.

28. The disadvantages of rainforests are following sentence, except
a. Helping to recycle carbon and oxygen
b. Helping to control soil erosion and flooding
c. Helping to product food and medicine
d. Helping to dilemma of all ecosystem

29. The eight paragraph is the conclusion of the text since

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e. Eventually, as this gas builds up the atmosphere, leading to what scientists call the
f. In fact, scientists believe that nearly 50 per cent of the Earths oxygen
g. produced by rainforests in the Amazon region alone.
h. It involves ensuring trees that are removed from the forest are replaced by seedlings
that will form of the new forest.

30. The meaning of These in the line 2 paragraph 5 is
e. insects and birds
f. habitats
g. Rainforests
h. species of plants

31. Agricultural from of economic purposes ranging Rainforests are used a number to urban
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
and industrial use
8
The correct arrangement is
a. 1-3-4-5-2-6-7-8
b. 5-6-1-2-3-7-8-4
c. 5-6-3-4-2-1-7-8
d. 1-4-5-2-3-7-8-6

32. The worlds food supplies originate in rainforest areas. Its can be found in the
e. Second paragraph
f. Third paragraph
g. Fourth paragraph
h. Fifth paragraph

33. People take part in such as fishing, bushwalking, rock climbing and four-wheel
driving.
a. Water
b. Gas
c. Earth
d. Activity

34. It in the eight paragraph refers to
e. Human
f. Complex task
g. Environment
h. Greenhouse
35. 1. Most people would acknowledge the economic importance of the worlds rainforests.

lxvii

2. However, there needs to be a balance between the way we are currently using our
rainforests and the future availability of these resources
3. Scientists believe that over 200 000 square kilometers of rainforest are being destroyed
each year for economic purpose
4. This is now commonly being referred to as ecologically sustainable development
e. 3-2-1-4
f. 3-1-2-4
g. 1-3-2-4
h. 1-2-3-4

e. releasing the water over time into streams and drivers
f. leaves and mosses
g. erosion and flooding
h. Rainforests

37. The overuse of rainforests for tourist activities has led governments to pass laws
restricting activities in these
e. Habitats
f. Areas
g. Forest
h. Park

38. Nearly of the worlds food supplies originate in rainforest areas.
a. 50 percent
b. 70 percent
c. 60 percent
d. 40 percent

39. These include timber converted into building materials for house forming furniture,
fencing, panel products and flooring. Which paragraph does support this statement?
e. Fourth paragraph
f. Fifth paragraph
g. Sixth paragraph
h. Seventh paragraph

40. Most people would acknowledge the economic importance of the worlds rainforests.
a. requirement
b. environment
c. importance

lxviii

d. equilibrium

41. We discovered previously that rainforests are essential to our life on Earth. (The first
paragraph). What is the underline word mean?
e. Advantage
f. Disadvantage
g. Importance
h. Effect

42. Rainforests are becoming increasingly popular places for people to visit.
The antonym from the underline is.
a. Decrease
b. More than
c. Much
d. Less than

43. Many medicines and drugs sold by the local pharmacist come from plants that grow in
rainforests. The sentence will found in
e. Third paragraph
f. Fourth paragraph
g. Fifth paragraph
h. Sixth paragraph

e. rainforests
f. rainfall
g. water
h. timber

e. Keep the world from the pollution
f. The bad do can make flood and erosion
g. Only rainforest will give lifeless to the human
h. Rainforests resources are significant for human beings survival

e. Have many advantages for human life
f. Have producers of the Earths all of gas
g. Helping to recycle of all the gas
h. Only helps to control food and medicine

47. . Rainforests are.

lxix

e. one of the most complicated environments on Earth
f. the oldest major ecosystem
g. able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses
h. essential to our life on Earth

48. Nearly of all medicines sold in pharmacies originate from rainforests.
e. 20 percent
f. 30 percent
g. 40 percent
h. 50 percent

e. Eight paragraph
f. The last paragraph
g. The sixth paragraph
h. All ending each paragraph

50. The reiteration from the text is
a. It involves ensuring trees that are removed from the forest are replaced by seedlings
that will form of the new forest
b. We discovered previously that rainforests are essential to our life on Earth
c. Rainforests are used a number of economic purposes, ranging from agricultural to
urban and industrial use
d. However, there needs to be a balance between the way we are currently using our

APPENDIX 4
INSTRUMENT TEST (Pre-Test after testing validity)

The Importance of Rainforests
Rainforests are one of the most complicated environments on Earth. They are recognized
worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and animals and believed to contain nearly
three-quarters of all the varieties of life on Earth. This is remarkable because rainforests cover
only about six per cent of Earths land surface.
Rainforest are the oldest major ecosystem, having survived climate changes for more
than one million years. They provide habitats for more species of plants, animals, insects and
birds than any other environment found on our planet. Scientists estimate that between 60 and 90

lxx

per cent of all species of life are to be found in rain forests. Unfortunately, the widespread
destruction of many of the worlds rainforests has caused a significant decline in the number of
plant and animal species on earth.
Rainforests in influence both our local and global climates. For example, between 50 and
80 per cent of the moisture in the air above rainforests comes from the rainforests trees. If large
areas of these lush rainforests are cleared, the average rainfall in the area will drop. Eventually,
the areas climate will get hotter and drier. This process could convert rainforests into a sparse
grassland or desert.
Rainforests are also able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and
mosses. By doing this, they are able to slow down water run-off by gradually releasing the water
over time into streams and drivers. This helps to control soil erosion and flooding.
Rainforests are vital to the Earth in helping to recycle carbon and oxygen. Carbon dioxide
(CO2) is the gas put into the air globally by humans, mainly by the burning of fossil fuels (for
example in cars and factories ). Rainforests are able to remove carbon dioxide from the air and
return oxygen in its place. This is why our global rainforests are often called the Earths lungs.
Rainforests are major producers of the Earths oxygen. In fact, scientists believe that
nearly 50 per cent of the Earths oxygen is produced by rainforests in the Amazon region alone.
Nearly 40 per cent of the worlds carbon is contained in the trees of the rainforests. As
rainforests are cut down and burned, carbon dioxide is released into the Earths atmosphere.
Eventually, as this gas builds up the atmosphere, leading to what scientists call the enhanced
greenhouse effect.
To sum up, the role of the rainforest is essential for human life. It creates equilibrium in
our environment and its resources are significant for human beings survival.
(Source: Developing English Competencies for Senior School SMA/MA Grade XI of Language
Programme, Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Tahun 2008)

Part I
Choose T if the statement is true and F if it is false according to the text.
51. Rainforests are not one of the most complicated environments on Earth
52. Rainforests are recognized worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and
animals

lxxi

54. Scientists estimate more than 50 per cent of all species of life are to be found in rain
forests
55. Between 50 and 80 per cent of the moisture in the air above rainforests comes from
56. The areas climate will get hotter and drier
57. Rainforests are also able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and
mosses
58. Rainforests are not able to remove carbon dioxide from the air and return oxygen in
its place
59. Less 40 and 80 percent of the worlds carbon is contained in the trees of the
rainforests
60. Gas builds up the atmosphere, leading to what scientists call the enhanced greenhouse
effect

Part II

i. Rainforests
j. Rainforests in the Earth
k. The advantages of rainforest
l. Habitats in the rainforests

i. The most complicated environments on Earth is rainforests
j. The richest source of plans and animals
k. Rainforest cover only six percent of Earths land surface
l. Varieties of life on Earth

i. Rain forests habitats
j. Rain forests species
k. Rain forests ecosystem
l. Rain forests climates

i. Helping to recycle carbon and oxygen
j. Rainforests are major producers of the Earths oxygen
k. Rainforests are essential for human life
l. Rainforests arent the oldest major ecosystem

i. Only 40 percent of the moisture in the air above rainforests comes from the
rainforest trees
j. Rainforests in influence both our local and global climates

lxxii

k. Between 50 and 80 percent of the moisture in the water above rainforests comes
from rainforests
l. Rainforests are the oldest major ecosystem

i. Rainforests are absorb over 90 percent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses
j. They are able to slow down water run-off by gradually releasing the water over time
into streams and drivers
k. The role of the rainforest is essential for human life
l. As rainforests are cut down and burned

i. Rainforests in influence both our local and global climates
j. Eventually, the areas climate will get hotter and drier.
k. For example, between 50 and 80 per cent of the moisture in the air above rainforests
comes from the rainforests trees
l. To sum up, the role of the rainforest is essential for human life

8. Scientists that nearly 50 per cent of the Earths oxygen is produced by rainforests in
the Amazon region alone.
e. Inform
f. Informs
g. Believe
h. Believes

i. Rainforests are one of the most complicated environments on Earth.
j. Scientists estimate that between 60 and 90 per cent of all species of life are to be
found in rain forests.
k. Rainforests are also able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and
mosses.
l. Rainforests are vital to the Earth in helping to recycle carbon and oxygen.

i. Keep the world from the pollution
j. The bad do can make flood and erosion
k. Only rainforest will give lifeless to the human
l. Rainforests resources are significant for human beings survival

i. Rainforests are recognized worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and
animals
j. Less 40 and 80 percent of the worlds carbon is contained in the trees of the
rainforests
k. Gas builds up the atmosphere, leading to what scientists call the enhanced
greenhouse effect

lxxiii

l. Rainforests are also able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and
mosses

i. Still the same as some years ago
j. Getting smaller
k. Wider than before
l. Clearer than usual

13. By reading the text, we can conclude that Rainforest is
i. recognized worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and animals
j. essential for human life.
k. helping to recycle carbon and oxygen
l. able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses.

14. Into is released carbon dioxide As rainforests are cut down and burned the Earths
1 2 3 4 5 6
atmosphere.
7
The correct arrangement is.
a. 1-2-3-4-5-6-7
b. 4-5-3-2-1-6-7
c. 4-5-6-7-3-2-1
d. 3-2-1-6-7-4-5

15. What is the definition from carbon dioxide ?
e. The gas put into the air globally by humans
f. The air and return oxygen in the place
g. The gas to help human in the life
h. The air put in the Amazon region alone

16. The sixth paragraph is the conclusion of the text since
i. Eventually, as this gas builds up the atmosphere, leading to what scientists call the
j. In fact, scientists believe that nearly 50 per cent of the Earths oxygen
k. produced by rainforests in the Amazon region alone.
l. carbon dioxide is released into the Earths atmosphere.

17. The meaning of They in the line 2 paragraph 2 is
i. insects and birds
j. habitats
k. Rainforests
l. species of plants

18. Between 50 and 80 per cent of the moisture in the above rainforests comes from the
rainforests trees.

lxxiv

e. Water
f. Gas
g. Earth
h. Air

19. It in the seventh paragraph refers to
i. Human
j. Rainforest
k. Environment
l. Greenhouse

i. releasing the water over time into streams and drivers
j. leaves and mosses
k. erosion and flooding
l. Rainforests

21. Scientists estimate that between of all species of life are to be found in rain forests.
e. 50 and 80 percent
f. 70 and 80 percent
g. 60 and 90 percent
h. 40 and 70 percent

22. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the gas put into the air globally by humans, mainly by the
burning of fossil fuels (for example in cars and factories ). Which paragraph does
support this statement?
i. Fourth paragraph
j. Fifth paragraph
k. Sixth paragraph
l. Seventh paragraph

other found on our planet.
e. requirement
f. environment
g. important
h. equilibrium

24. To sum up, the role of rainforest is essential for human life. (The last paragraph). What
is the underline word mean?
i. Advantage
j. Disadvantage
k. Importance
l. Effect

lxxv

25. If large areas of these lush rainforests are cleared, the average rainfall in the area will
drop. The synonym of the underlined word is
a. Descend
b. Falling
c. Depression
d. Turn off

i. Have many advantages for human life
j. Have producers of the Earths all of gas
k. Helping to recycle of all the gas
l. Only helps to control soil erosion and flooding

27. Rainforests are.
i. one of the most complicated environments on Earth
j. the oldest major ecosystem
k. able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses
l. all of them are true

28. More than of all medicines sold in pharmacies originate from rainforests.
i. 20 percent
j. 30 percent
k. 40 percent
l. 50 percent

29. The reiteration statement from the text is
a. To sum up, the role of the rainforest is essential for human life. It creates equilibrium
in our environment and its resources are significant for human beings survival.
b. To sum up, the role of the rainforest is essential for human life
c. It creates equilibrium in our environment
d. Its resources are significant for human beings survival.

i. Eight paragraph
j. The last paragraph
k. The sixth paragraph
l. All ending each paragraph

lxxvi

APPENDIX 5
INSTRUMENT TEST (Post-Test after testing validity)

Rainforests as Economic Reserves
We discovered previously that rainforests are essential to our life on Earth. They also
provide a rich variety of economic resources that are used all over the world. This presents
countries with a serious dilemma. Rainforests are used a number of economic purposes, ranging
from agricultural to urban and industrial use. The dilemma facing many rainforest-rich countries,
including Australia, is that, as these economic demands grow, the planers rainforests are placed
under increasing threat of destruction. The economic resources enormous. Here are just some of
the more important ones.
Foods
Nearly 50 percent of the worlds food supplies originate in rainforest areas. Items that we
commonly buy from the supermarket, such as bananas, pineapples, mangoes, peanuts,
macadamia nuts and cashews, all originated in rainforests. Many popular foods like rice, corn
and maize also come from the rainforests, as do tea, coffee, cocoa and sugar.
Recreation
Rainforests are becoming increasingly popular places for people to visit because they are
seen as areas of wilderness and natural beauty. People take part in activities such as fishing,
bushwalking, rock climbing and four-wheel driving. The overuse of rainforests for tourist
activities has led governments to pass laws restricting activities in these forests. The Daintree
region in northern Queensland is one area where the government has passed laws regulating
rainforest activities.

Medicines and drugs
Many medicines and drugs sold by the local pharmacist come from plants that grow in
rainforests. For example, medicines used for travel sickness, headaches, stomach upsets, skin
diseases and leukemia all come from the rainforest. In fact, nearly 40 per cent of all medicines
sold in chemists.
Industrial and building products

lxxvii

Rainforests provide many products used by the community for urban development. These
include timber converted into building materials for house forming furniture, fencing, panel
products and flooring. Rainforests also supply wood chip used in making cardboard, toilet tissue
and the pulp used for same papers.
Many industrial products also originate from the rainforests. Spices, rubber, oils, waves,
dyes and gums are just some examples. Even everyday products such as toothpaste, cosmetics,
treys, paints and deodorants are produced from plants growing in rainforest areas.
Sustainable development
Scientists believe that over 200 000 square kilometers of rainforest are being destroyed
each year for economic purpose. Most people would acknowledge the economic importance of
the worlds rainforests. However, there needs to be a balance between the way we are currently
using our rainforests and the future availability of these resources. This is now commonly being
referred to as ecologically sustainable development.
For example, conservationists, governments and industry groups believe that timber
should be harvested from forests in a sustainable way. This should be done without permanently
damaging the home of other plants and animals, the soil or rivers and creeks. This is a very
complex task. It involves ensuring trees that are removed from the forest are replaced by
seedlings that will form of the new forest.

Part I
Still in pairs, state whether each of these statements is true of false (T-F)
51. Rainforests are unimportant to our life on Earth.
52. The economic resources which rainforests provide vary.
53. Many rainforests rich countries are facing a situation in which it is very difficult
to do with their rainforests
54. The economic resources provided by the worlds rainforests are extremely small
55. Less than 50 percent of the worlds food supplies originate in rainforests areas
56. Rainforests are becoming more and more unpopular places for people to visit
57. Government pass laws restricting activities in the forests due to the overuse of
rainforests for tourist activities
58. More than 40 percent of all medicines sold in chemists originate from rainforests
59. More than 200 000 square kilometers of rainforest are being destroyed each year
for economic purpose
60. There needs to be a balance between the way we are currently using our rainforests and
the future availability of these resources

lxxviii

Part II

m. Rainforests
n. Rainforests in the Earth
o. The advantages of rainforest as economic reserves
p. Habitats in the rainforests

m. The most complicated environments on Earth is rainforests
n. The richest source of plans and animals
o. Rainforests are essential to our life in Earth
p. Varieties of life on Earth

m. Rain forests habitats
n. Rain forests species
o. Rain forests ecosystem
p. Rain forests products of food

4. The following sentences is true according to the text .
i. Rainforests are recognized worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and
animals
j. Less than 50 percent of the worlds food supplies originate in rainforests areas
k. The areas climate will get hotter and drier
l. Rainforests are becoming more and more unpopular places for people to visit

m. Helping to recycle carbon and oxygen
n. Rainforests are major producers of the Earths food
o. Rainforests are essential for human life
p. Rainforests arent the oldest major food, medicines and drugs

m. Only 40 percent of the moisture in the air above rainforests comes from the
rainforest trees
n. Rainforests are becoming increasingly popular places for people to visit
o. Between 50 and 80 percent of the moisture in the water above rainforests comes
from rainforests
p. Rainforests are the oldest major ecosystem

lxxix

m. Rainforests are absorb over 90 percent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses
n. Medicines used for travel sickness, headaches, stomach upsets, skin diseases and
leukemia all come from the rainforest
o. The role of the rainforest is essential for human life
p. As rainforests are cut down and burned

m. Rainforests in influence both our local and global climates
n. Eventually, the areas climate will get hotter and drier.
o. People take part in activities such as fishing, bushwalking, rock climbing and four-
wheel driving
p. To sum up, the role of the rainforest is essential for human life

9. Scientists . that over 200 000 square kilometers of rainforest are being destroyed each
year for economic purpose.
e. Believes
f. Believe
g. Informs
h. Inform

m. More than 200.000 square kilometers of rainforests are being destroyed each year for
economic purposes.
n. More than 40 percent of all medicines sold in pharmacies originate from rainforests.
o. There needs to be a balance between the way we are currently using our rainforests
and the future availability of these resources.
p. Less than 50 per cent of the worlds food supplies originate in rainforest areas.

11. The dilemma facing many rainforest-rich countries, including Australia, is that, as these
economic demands grow, the planers rainforests are placed under increasing threat of
destruction.
e. Demanding
f. Demanded
g. Demand
h. Demands

12. By reading the text, we can conclude that Rainforest as
m. recognized worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and animals
n. economic reserves
o. helping to recycle carbon and oxygen
p. able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses.

lxxx

13. The eight paragraph is the conclusion of the text since
m. Eventually, as this gas builds up the atmosphere, leading to what scientists call the
n. In fact, scientists believe that nearly 50 per cent of the Earths oxygen
o. produced by rainforests in the Amazon region alone.
p. It involves ensuring trees that are removed from the forest are replaced by seedlings
that will form of the new forest.
14. The meaning of These in the line 2 paragraph 5 is
m. insects and birds
n. habitats
o. Rainforests
p. species of plants

15. Agricultural from of economic purposes ranging Rainforests are used a number to urban
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
and industrial use
8
The correct arrangement is
e. 1-3-4-5-2-6-7-8
f. 5-6-1-2-3-7-8-4
g. 5-6-3-4-2-1-7-8
h. 1-4-5-2-3-7-8-6

16. The worlds food supplies originate in rainforest areas. Its can be found in the
i. Second paragraph
j. Third paragraph
k. Fourth paragraph
l. Fifth paragraph

17. People take part in such as fishing, bushwalking, rock climbing and four-wheel
driving.
e. Water
f. Gas
g. Earth
h. Activity

18. It in the eight paragraph refers to
m. Human
n. Complex task
o. Environment
p. Greenhouse

lxxxi

19. 1. Most people would acknowledge the economic importance of the worlds rainforests.
2. However, there needs to be a balance between the way we are currently using our
3. Scientists believe that over 200 000 square kilometers of rainforest are being destroyed
each year for economic purpose
4. This is now commonly being referred to as ecologically sustainable development
i. 3-2-1-4
j. 3-1-2-4
k. 1-3-2-4
l. 1-2-3-4
20. The overuse of rainforests for tourist activities has led governments to pass laws
restricting activities in these
i. Habitats
j. Areas
k. Forest
l. Park

21. Nearly of the worlds food supplies originate in rainforest areas.
e. 50 percent
f. 70 percent
g. 60 percent
h. 40 percent

22. These include timber converted into building materials for house forming furniture,
fencing, panel products and flooring. Which paragraph does support this statement?
m. Fourth paragraph
n. Fifth paragraph
o. Sixth paragraph
p. Seventh paragraph

23. We discovered previously that rainforests are essential to our life on Earth. (The first
paragraph). What is the underline word mean?
m. Advantage
n. Disadvantage
o. Importance
p. Effect

24. Rainforests are becoming increasingly popular places for people to visit.
The antonym from the underline is.

lxxxii

e. Decrease
f. More than
g. Much
h. Less than

m. Keep the world from the pollution
n. The bad do can make flood and erosion
o. Only rainforest will give lifeless to the human
p. Rainforests resources are significant for human beings survival

m. Have many advantages for human life
n. Have producers of the Earths all of gas
o. Helping to recycle of all the gas
p. Only helps to control food and medicine

27. . Rainforests are.
m. one of the most complicated environments on Earth
n. the oldest major ecosystem
o. able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses
p. essential to our life on Earth

28. Nearly of all medicines sold in pharmacies originate from rainforests.
m. 20 percent
n. 30 percent
o. 40 percent
p. 50 percent

m. Eight paragraph
n. The last paragraph
o. The sixth paragraph
p. All ending each paragraph

30. The reiteration from the text is
e. It involves ensuring trees that are removed from the forest are replaced by seedlings
that will form of the new forest
f. We discovered previously that rainforests are essential to our life on Earth
g. Rainforests are used a number of economic purposes, ranging from agricultural to
urban and industrial use
h. However, there needs to be a balance between the way we are currently using our

lxxxiii

APPENDIX 6
Answers Keys
(Pre-Test before testing validity)
Part I

1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T

6. T
7. T
8. F
9. F
10. T

Part II
11. C
12. A
13. C
14. B
15. D
16. B
17. B
18. A
19. C
20. D
21. D
22. C
23. C
24. A
25. D
26. D
27. B
28. B
29. B
30. B
31. A
32. A
33. C
34. C
35. D
36. B
37. A
38. D
39. C
40. B
41. B
42. C
43. A
44. A
45. A
46. A
47. D
48. C
49. A
50. B

(Pre-Test after testing validity)
Part I

1. F
2. T
6. T
7. T

84

3. T
4. F
5. T
8. F
9. F
10. T

xiii

Part II
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. D
11. B
12. B
13. B
14. B
15. A
16. A
17. C
18. D
19. B
20. A
21. C
22. B
23. B
24. C
25. A
26. A
27. D
28. C
29. A
30. B

(Post-Test before testing validity)
Part I
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. F
7. T
8. F
9. T
10. T

Part II
11. C
12. C
13. D
14. B
15. D
16. B
17. B
18. A
19. C
20. C
21. B
22. B
23. C
24. B
25. B
26. D
27. B
28. D
29. D
30. C
31. C
32. A
33. D
34. B
35. B
36. B
37. C
38. A
39. A
40. C
41. C
42. A
43. B
44. D
45. D
46. A
47. D
48. C
49. B
50. A

xiv

(Post-Test after testing validity)
Part I
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. F
7. T
8. F
9. T
10. T

Part II
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. B
10. B
11. D
12. B
13. D
14. C
15. C
16. A
17. D
18. B
19. B
20. C
21. A
22. A
23. C
24. A
25. D
26. A
27. D
28. C
29. B
30. A

xv

APPENDIX 7
PRE TEST VALIDITY

FOR ITEM 1
25 =
x 1076 =
y
25
2
=
x 31350
2
=
y
( ) 625
2
=
x ( ) 1157776
2
=
y
N = 40
= 720 xy

By using the formula of Pearson r, so :
( )( )
( ) { } ( ) { }

=
2
2
2
2
y y N x x N
y x xy N
r
xy

( ) ( )
( ) { } ( ) ( ) { } 1157776 31350 . 40 625 25 . 40
1076 . 25 720 . 40

=
xy
r
( ) ( ) { } ( ) ( ) { } 1157776 1254000 625 1000
26900 28800

=
xy
r
( )( ) 96225 375
1900
=
xy
r
36084375
1900
=
xy
r
02 , 6007
1900
=
xy
r

So that, r
count
= 0,32 n = 40 o =0,05 r
table
= 0,312.
The test is valid if r
count
> r
table
. Based on calculation above, the item one is valid.

32 , 0 =
xy
r

xiii

xiii

POST TEST VALIDITY

FOR ITEM 1
20 =
x 1096 =
y
20
2
=
x 32178
2
=
y
( ) 400
2
=
x ( ) 1201216
2
=
y
N = 40
= 596 xy

By using the formula of Pearson r, so :
( )( )
( ) { } ( ) { }

=
2
2
2
2
y y N x x N
y x xy N
r
xy

( ) ( )
( ) { } ( ) ( ) { } 1201216 32178 . 40 400 20 . 40
1096 . 20 596 . 40

=
xy
r
( ) ( ) { } ( ) ( ) { } 1201216 1287120 400 800
21920 23840

=
xy
r
( )( ) 85904 400
1920
=
xy
r
34361600
1920
=
xy
r
87 , 5861
1920
=
xy
r
33 , 0 =
xy
r

So that, r
count
= 0,33 n = 40 o =0,05 r
table
= 0,320.
The test is valid if r
count
> r
table
. Based on calculation above, the item one is valid.

xiii

xiii

APPENDIX 8
PRE TEST RELIABILITY

To get reliability of the test, the writer uses formula KR-21 :
=
1

1
2

From the table 40 = k
869 =
= 20599
2
x
( ) 755161
2
=
x
M =

M =
869
40
= 21,725

2

( )
N
N
x
x
=
2
2

( )
40
40
755161
20599
2
=

40
02 , 18879 20599
=

40
98 , 1719
=

= 42,99

So that,
=
1

1
2

=
40
40 1

1 21,725 40 21,725
40.42,99

xiv

=
40
39

1 21,725 18,275
1719,6

R = 1,025 (1-
379,02
1719,6

R = 1,025 (1- 0,23)
R = 1,025 (0,77)
R = 0,78

r
count
: 0,78 , 05 , 0 = o , N = 40 and r
table
= 0,312.
Test is reliable if r
count
> r
table
. Based on calculation above, the test have high relia

xiii

xiii

POST TEST RELIABILITY

To get reliability of the test, the writer uses formula KR-21 :
=
1

1
2

From the table 40 = k
858 =
=19928
2
x
( ) 736164
2
=
x
M =

M =
858
40
= 21,45

2

( )
N
N
x
x
=
2
2

( )
40
40
736164
19928
2
=

40
1 , 18404 19928
=

40
9 , 1523
=

= 38,09

So that,
=
1

1
2

=
40
40 1

1 21,45 4021,45
40.38,09

=
40
39

1 21,45 18,55
1523,6

xiv

R = 1,025 (1-
397,89
1523,6
)
R = 1,025 (1 0,26)
R = 1,025 (0,74)
R = 0,76

r
count
: 0,76 , 05 , 0 = o , N = 40 and r
table
= 0,312.
Test is reliable if r
count
> r
table
. Based on calculation above, the test have high reliable.

xiii

xiii

APPENDIX 9

THE PRE TEST EXPERIMENTAL

1. The score of experimental group from low score to high score

Score Frequency
45 1
47,5 2
50 2
55 2
57,5 3
60 3
62,5 2
65 3
67,5 5
70 2
72,5 3
75 3
Total 31

2. High score : 75
3. Low score : 45
4. Range : High score low score
: 75-45 = 30

5. The total of classes (Bk) : 1+3,3 log n
: 1+3,3(log 31)
: 1+3,3 (1,49)
: 1+4,917
: 5,917
: 6
6. Interval (i) :
BK
R

xiv

30
6
= 5

7. Mean score :

No x fi xi fi . xi fkb fka
1 45 49 3 47 141 31=N 3
2 50 -54 2 52 104 28 5
3 55 59 5 57 284 26 10
4 60 -64 5 62 310 21 15
5 65 -69 8 67 536 16 23
6 70 - 74 8 72 576 8 31=N
Bk: 6
i: 5
31 1952

Mx:
N
fx E
=
1952
31
= 62,96
= 63

8.Median = i
fi
fkb
n
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

+
2
1

= 5
8
8 5 , 15
5 , 64
|
.
|
\
|
+
= 64,5+ (0,93) 5
= 69,15
9. Modus = i
fb fa
fa
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
= 64,5 + 5
8 21
21
|
.
|
\
|
+

= 64,5 + (0,72) 5
= 64,5 + 3,6
= 68,1

xv

APPENDIX 10

THE PRE TEST CONTROL

1. The score of control group from low score to high score

Score Frequency
40 1
47,5 1
50 1
52,5 1
55 3
57,5 4
60 4
62,5 4
65 2
67,5 4
70 4
72,5 1
75 2
Total 32

2. High score : 75
3. Low score : 40
: 75-40 = 35

: 1+3,3(log 32)
: 1+3,3 (1,505)
: 1+4,96
: 5,96
: 6

xvi

6. Interval (i) :
BK
R

35
6
= 5,83
= 6

7. Mean score :

1 40 45 1 42,5 42,5 32=N 1
2 46 -51 2 48,5 97 31 3
3 52 57 8 54,5 436 29 11
4 58 -63 8 60,5 484 21 19
5 64 -69 6 66,5 399 13 25
6 70 - 75 7 72,5 507,5 7 32=N
Bk: 6
i: 6
32 1966

Mx:
N
fx E
=
1966
32
= 61,4
= 61

8.Median = i
fi
fkb
n
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

+
2
1

= 6
8
13 16
5 , 57
|
.
|
\
|
+
= 57,5+ (0,375)6
= 57,5 + 2,25
= 59,75

9. Modus = i
fb fa
fa
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+

xvii

= 57,5 + 6
13 29
29
|
.
|
\
|
+

= 57,5 + (0,69)6
= 57,5 + 4,14
= 61,64

xviii

APPENDIX 11

THE POST TEST EXPERIMENTAL

1. The score of experimental group from low score to high score

Score Frequency
75 1
77,5 1
80 3
82,5 3
85 6
87,5 4
90 6
92,5 2
95 2
97,5 3
Total 31

2. High score : 97,5
3. Low score : 75
: 97,5-75 = 22,5

: 1+3,3(log 31)
: 1+3,3 (1,49)
: 1+4,917
: 5,917
: 6
6. Interval (i) :
BK
R

22,5
6
= 3,75

xix

= 4

7. Mean score :

1 75 78 2 76,5 153 31=N 2
2 79 -82 6 80,5 483 29 8
3 83 86 6 84,5 507 23 19
4 87 90 10 88,5 885 17 24
5 91 94 2 92,5 185 7 26
6 95 - 98 5 96,5 482,5 5 31=N
Bk: 6
i: 4
31 2695,5

Mx:
N
fx E
=
2695,5
31
= 86,95
= 87

8.Median = i
fi
fkb
n
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

+
2
1

= 4
10
7 5 , 15
5 , 86
|
.
|
\
|
+
= 86,5+ (0,85) 4
= 89,9

9. Modus = i
fb fa
fa
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
= 86,5 +
4
7 23
23
|
.
|
\
|
+

= 86,5 + (0,76) 4
= 86,5 + 3,04
= 89,54

xx

APPENDIX 12

THE POST TEST CONTROL

1. The score of control group from low score to high score

Score Frequency
62,5 1
65 4
67,5 2
70 6
72,5 6
75 6
77,5 1
80 4
82,5 1
85 1
Total 32

2. High score : 85
3. Low score : 62,5
: 85-62,5 = 22,5

: 1+3,3(log 32)
: 1+3,3 (1,505)
: 1+4,96
: 5,96
: 6
6. Interval (i) :
BK
R

22,5
6
= 3,75

xxi

= 4

7. Mean score :

1 62 65 5 63,5 317,5 32=N 5
2 66 - 69 2 67,5 135 27 7
3 70 73 12 71,5 858 25 19
4 74 -77 7 75,5 528,5 13 26
5 78 - 81 5 79,5 397,5 6 31
6 82 85 1 83,5 83,5 1 32=N
Bk: 6
i: 6
32 2320

Mx:
N
fx E
=
2320
32
= 72,5
=

8.Median = i
fi
fkb
n
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

+
2
1

= 4
12
13 16
5 , 69
|
.
|
\
|
+
= 69,5+ (0,25)4
= 69,5 + 1
= 70,5

9. Modus = i
fb fa
fa
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
= 69,5 + 4
13 27
27
|
.
|
\
|
+

= 69,5 + (0,67)4
= 69,5 + 2,7
= 72,2

xxii

APPENDIX 13
The Calculation of t-test

t =
M1M2
x1
2+ x2
2
N1+N22
N1+N2
N1 .N2

t =
2511
2707,5+2327,5
31+322
31+32
31 .32

t =
14
5035
62
63
992

t =
14
81,210,06

t =
14
4,87

t =
14
2,21
= 6,33
The degree of freedom was:
(df) = Nx + Ny -2
= 31+32 2
= 61

xxiii

APPENDIX 14
The Calculation of % Comprehension
1. Experimental Group
% =
1 2
1
x 100 %
% =
6387
63
x 100 %
% =
14
63
x 100 %
% = 0,3809 x 100 %
= 38,09 %

2. Control Group
% =
1 2
1
x 100 %
% =
6172
61
x 100 %
% =
11
61
x 100 %
% = 0,01803 x 100 %
= 18,03 %
3. Experimental and Control Group
% =
1 2
1
x 100 %
% =
0,38090,1803
0,3809
x 100 %

xxiv

% =
0,2006
0,3809
x 100 %
% = 0,53 x 100 %
= 53 %

xxv

APPENDIX 15
PERCENTAGE POINTS OF THE T DISTRIBUTION

Tail Probabilities
One Tail 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.001 0.0005
Two Tails 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.002 0.001
-------+---------------------------------------------------------+-----
D 1 | 3.078 6.314 12.71 31.82 63.66 318.3 637 | 1
E 2 | 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 22.330 31.6 | 2
G 3 | 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 10.210 12.92 | 3
R 4 | 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 7.173 8.610 | 4
E 5 | 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5.893 6.869 | 5
E 6 | 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.208 5.959 | 6
S 7 | 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.785 5.408 | 7
8 | 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 4.501 5.041 | 8
O 9 | 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.297 4.781 | 9
F 10 | 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.144 4.587 | 10
11 | 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.025 4.437 | 11
F 12 | 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.930 4.318 | 12
R 13 | 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.852 4.221 | 13
E 14 | 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.787 4.140 | 14
E 15 | 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.733 4.073 | 15
D 16 | 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.686 4.015 | 16
O 17 | 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.646 3.965 | 17
M 18 | 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.610 3.922 | 18
19 | 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.579 3.883 | 19
20 | 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.552 3.850 | 20
21 | 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.527 3.819 | 21
22 | 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.505 3.792 | 22
23 | 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.485 3.768 | 23
24 | 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.467 3.745 | 24
25 | 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.450 3.725 | 25
26 | 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.435 3.707 | 26
27 | 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.421 3.690 | 27
28 | 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.408 3.674 | 28
29 | 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.396 3.659 | 29
30 | 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.385 3.646 | 30
32 | 1.309 1.694 2.037 2.449 2.738 3.365 3.622 | 32
34 | 1.307 1.691 2.032 2.441 2.728 3.348 3.601 | 34
36 | 1.306 1.688 2.028 2.434 2.719 3.333 3.582 | 36
38 | 1.304 1.686 2.024 2.429 2.712 3.319 3.566 | 38
40 | 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.307 3.551 | 40
42 | 1.302 1.682 2.018 2.418 2.698 3.296 3.538 | 42
44 | 1.301 1.680 2.015 2.414 2.692 3.286 3.526 | 44
46 | 1.300 1.679 2.013 2.410 2.687 3.277 3.515 | 46
48 | 1.299 1.677 2.011 2.407 2.682 3.269 3.505 | 48
50 | 1.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 3.261 3.496 | 50
55 | 1.297 1.673 2.004 2.396 2.668 3.245 3.476 | 55
60 | 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.232 3.460 | 60
65 | 1.295 1.669 1.997 2.385 2.654 3.220 3.447 | 65
70 | 1.294 1.667 1.994 2.381 2.648 3.211 3.435 | 70
80 | 1.292 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 3.195 3.416 | 80
100 | 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 3.174 3.390 | 100
150 | 1.287 1.655 1.976 2.351 2.609 3.145 3.357 | 150
200 | 1.286 1.653 1.972 2.345 2.601 3.131 3.340 | 200
-------+---------------------------------------------------------+-----
Two Tails 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.002 0.001
One Tail 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.001 0.0005
Tail Probabilities
This table was calculated by APL programs written by William Knight. The format of the
table is adapted from a table constructed by Drake Bradley, Department of Psychology, Bates
College, Lewiston-Ashburn, Maine, U.S.A. http://www.math.unb.ca/~knight/utility/t-
table.htmAccessed on Wednesday/ 16
th
November 2011 at 09:27 p.m

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