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NEWSLETTER FOR MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY
ircle
Word for the day: CFM
CFM – short form for Cubic Feet per Minute - is the commonly used measure of volumetric flow from an air
compressor, a fan etc. In industries, it is common to refer to this term with reference to an air compressor and hence
we will discuss about this. Let us consider a simple single cylinder reciprocating compressor to understand how CFM
is generated. For understanding purpose the driving electric
motor, with 600 RPM is connected to the compressor.
Area of the piston, A = 0.7854 Square feet = 730 Square Centimeters (1 feet = 12 inches = 12 x 2.54 = 30.48
centimeters). Pressure (P) = Force (W + F) / Area (A) = 1100 / 730 = 1.5 Kg per Square Centimeter. Therefore, to
complete the task satisfactorily, we need 48 CFM of air at a minimum pressure of 1.5 Kg/Sq.cm. from the source. So,
we have to choose a compressor which can meet (exceed) these requirements. If more than one application is desired,
the CFM requirements of all should be added and then suitable compressor should be selected. Compared to
reciprocating type, calculating the CFM of a screw compressor is complex and hence we usually take the value from
chart or manufacturer’s specification sheet. Even though CFM is very critical in compressed air application, it finds
equal importance in selection of air handling units, centralized air conditioning and handling units, industrial fans,
burners and many more.
Now let us look at a simple field method of measuring CFM from a compressor in a typical shop floor. This also helps
in finding out the efficiency of the compressor unit. Of course, there are better and highly sophisticated methods
available to carry this task more precisely.
Initial Pressure, P1 = 4 Kg/Sq.cm. Final Pressure, P2 = 6 Kg/Sq.cm. ∆P = P2-P1 = 6-4 = 2 Kg/Sq.cm. = 100 Cubic
feet.
Stop watch reading: 45 seconds = (45/60) = 0.75 minutes = T
Therefore, CFM measured = 100 / T = 100 / 0.75 = 133 Cubic feet per minute!!
The compressor is approximately delivering 133 CFM against its 200 CFM standard value and hence its efficiency is
only 66.5% (133/200). So, we can perform a backward analysis and troubleshoot the problem to increase its CFM.
Similarly, we can approximately find out the CFM requirement of a plant during its peak hours. When the plant is
running sufficiently loaded, allow the receiver to be filled with air at 6 Kg/Sq.cm(6 is only an indicative reference. It
can be adjusted as needed. The purpose is to create 2 Kg/Sq.cm. difference). Now close the valve V1 and start the
stop-watch simultaneously. Record the time taken for pressure to drop from 6 to 4 Kg/Sq.cm. Let us say it is 30 (0.5
minutes) seconds. Therefore, the plant needs (100/0.5) = 200 CFM of air during peak hours.
The selected compressor should be able to match (exceed) the present and to some extent “future” demand of the
plant. As a redundancy practice, it is normal to install combination of compressors at a specified “utility” location,
whose total CFM should match the requirement. CFM calculation and selection is very vital for successful running of
a plant since any wrong approach will lead to many factors some of which include: (a) Oversized compressors,
consuming too much power (b) Unwanted pressure drops at consumer point resulting in machine stoppages and
downtime (c) High initial capital investment
If you like to improvise this article or contribute or comment please mail us at: feedback@maintenancecircle.com
This document contains information, for reference only. We assume no responsibility for its implication.