CH 23 Magnetic Flux and Faraday’s Law of Induction

Subject Relevant Equations Relationships

Primary circuit: consists of a battery, a switch, a resistor
to control the current, and a coil of several turns around
an iron bar.
When switch is closed, the magnetic field is particularly
intense. Secondary circuit: has a coil wrapped around the
iron bar, and this coil is connected to an ammeter to
detect any current in the circuit.
•The current in the secondary circuit is zero as long as
the current in the primary circuit is constant- which
means, in turn, that the magnetic field in the iron bar is
constant.
•It does not matter whether the constant value of the
magnetic field is zero or nonzero.
•When the magnetic field passing through the secondary
coil increases, a current is observed to flow in one
direction in the secondary circuit; when the magnetic field
decreases, a current is observed in the opposite direction.
• Secondary current is induced current and it creates an
induced emf.
•The magnitudes of the induced current and induced emf
are found to be proportional to the rate of change of the
magnetic field- the more rapidly the magnetic field
Induced changes, the greater the induced emf.
EMF •No emf when magnet is held still.
Magnetic flux: basically a •Magnetic flux depends on both the magnitude of the
measure of the number of field magnetic field and its orientation to the surface.
lines that cross a given area.
Simply
Φ=BA
When the magnetic field is
parallel to the surface: Φ= 0
Magneti Φ=(BcosΘ)A = BAcosΘ
c Flux S.I.= 1T•m2 = 1 weber = 1 Wb
Faraday's Law of Induction: The minus sign in front of N
Faraday's Law of Induction: indicates that the induced emf opposes the change in
E=-N(ΔΦ/Δt) magnetic flux.
Magnitude of Induced EMF = •Use the Magnitude of induced EMF when only
|E| = N|(ΔΦ/Δt)| magnitudes are concerned.

Faraday'
s Law of
Inductio
n

Lenz's
Law

Lenz's Law: States that an induced current always flows in a direction that opposes the
change that caused it.
CH 23 Magnetic Flux and Faraday’s Law of Induction
Different Situations:
Motional EMF: Qualitative
Motional EMF: Quantitative

Motional emf: the motion of the rod that produces emf.

•In this system, magnetic field is constant, but the
magnetic flux through current loop, decrease anyway.
This is because as the rod falls the area A enclosing the
loop decreases.
To oppose this decrease, Lenz's law implies that the
induced current must flow in a direction that
strengthens the magnetic field B within the loop, thus
increasing the flux.
• This direction is counterclockwise.
•Induced emf is proportional to the strength of the
magnetic field and to the speed of the rod.
Emf applied to the rod, E=Bv
•A changing magnetic flux does indeed create an
electric field.
I=(|E|/R) = (Bvl/ R)