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Introduction: This tutorial examines the flow of water and air in a tee
junction. First you will solve the problem using the less computa-
tionally-intensive mixture model, and then you will turn to the
more accurate Eulerian model. Finally, you will compare the re-
sults obtained with the two approaches.
In this tutorial you will learn how to:
• Use the mixture model with slip velocities
• Set boundary conditions for internal flow
• Calculate a solution using the segregated solver
• Use the Eulerian model
• Compare the results obtained with the two approaches
Prerequisites: This tutorial assumes that you are familiar with the
menu structure in FLUENT and that you have solved or read Tu-
torial 1. Some steps in the setup and solution procedure will not
be shown explicitly.
velocity inlet
water: v = - 0.31 m/s
air: v = - 0.45 m/s
pressure outlet
velocity inlet
water: air:
ρ=1000 kg/m3 ρ=1.2 kg/m3
µ=9e-4 kg/m-s µ=2e-5 kg/m-s
v=1.53 m/s v=1.6 m/s
vol frac=0.02
bubble diam=1 mm
Preparation
Step 1: Grid
(a) Display the grid using the default settings (Figure 17.2).
Extra: You can use the right mouse button to check which
zone number corresponds to each boundary. If you click
the right mouse button on one of the boundaries in the
graphics window, its zone number, name, and type will be
printed in the FLUENT console window. This feature is
especially useful when you have several zones of the same
type and you want to distinguish between them quickly.
Step 2: Models
Step 3: Materials
Step 4: Phases
1. Define the liquid water and air phases that flow in the tee junction.
Define −→Phases...
ii. In the Primary Phase panel, enter water for the Name.
iii. Select water-liquid from the Phase Material drop-down list.
ii. In the Secondary Phase panel, enter air for the Name.
iii. Select air from the Phase Material drop-down list.
iv. Set the Diameter to 0.001 m.
2.34e+03
1.95e+03
1.55e+03
1.16e+03
7.70e+02
3.77e+02
-1.54e+01
-4.08e+02
-8.01e+02
-1.19e+03
-1.59e+03
2.22e+00
2.00e+00
1.78e+00
1.56e+00
1.33e+00
1.11e+00
8.89e-01
6.67e-01
4.45e-01
2.22e-01
0.00e+00
9.34e-01
8.41e-01
7.47e-01
6.54e-01
5.60e-01
4.67e-01
3.74e-01
2.80e-01
1.87e-01
9.34e-02
0.00e+00
You will use the solution obtained with the mixture model as an initial
condition for the calculation with the Eulerian model.
2. Specify the drag law to be used for computing the interphase mo-
mentum transfer.
Define −→Phases...
(a) Click the Interaction... button in the Phases panel.
2.54e+03
2.14e+03
1.75e+03
1.35e+03
9.55e+02
5.59e+02
1.63e+02
-2.33e+02
-6.29e+02
-1.02e+03
-1.42e+03
2.25e+00
2.03e+00
1.80e+00
1.58e+00
1.36e+00
1.13e+00
9.09e-01
6.85e-01
4.62e-01
2.38e-01
1.43e-02
9.41e-01
8.47e-01
7.53e-01
6.58e-01
5.64e-01
4.70e-01
3.76e-01
2.82e-01
1.88e-01
9.41e-02
0.00e+00
Note that the air bubble at the tee junction in Figure 17.8 is slightly
different from the one that you observed in the solution obtained
with the mixture model (Figure 17.5). The Eulerian model gen-
erally offers better accuracy than the mixture model, as it solves
separate sets of equations for each individual phase, rather than
modeling slip velocity between phases. See Sections 20.3 and 20.4
of the User’s Guide for more information about the mixture and
Eulerian models.