Crs1 Lessons021-030

LESSON
21 Divisibility (page 112) Name
• Tests for divisibility: Teacher Notes:

• Introduce Hint #34, “Tests for
Last-Digit Tests Divisibility.”
• Refer students to “Tests for
Inspect the last digit of the number. A number
Divisibility” on page 5 in the
is divisible by …
Student Reference Guide.
2 if the last digit is even.
5 if the last digit is 0 or 5.
10 if the last digit is 0.
Sum-of-Digits Tests
Add the digits of the number and inspect the

total. A number is divisible by …
3 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 3.
9 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 9.
Practice Set (page 114)
a. Which of these numbers is divisible by 2?

123 234 345
b. Which of these numbers is divisible by 3?

1234 2345 3456
Use the divisibility tests to decide which of the numbers 2, 3, 5, 9, and 10 are factors of the following
numbers:
c. 120 , , ,
d. 102 ,
© 2007 Harcourt Achieve Inc.
Written Practice (page 114)
1. ( )×( )= 2. 1959 – =d
sum difference
1959 Hawaii
1787 Delaware
Saxon Math Course 1 L21-81 Adaptations Lesson 21

Written Practice (continued) (page 114)
3. 16 ∙ w = 4. fraction left
Multiply the loop.
Divide by the outside number.
pounds 240
____ 000
____
bowling balls 000 000
5. girls ____ 6. three hundredths

students
7. 8. 987,654,321
$2. 3 4
9. 1, 4, 16, 64, , ... 10. 64 × 1 64 + 1
M the preceding term
by . © 2007 Harcourt Achieve Inc.
11. Divisible by 9 means the sum of the digits can be 12. Estimate the sum.
divided by 9.
396
A 365 B 1179 C 1556 197
203

13. GCF of 12 and 16 4030 =

14. _____
• List (in order) the factors of the smaller number, 12. 0100
• Starting with the greatest factor, cross off factors
that are NOT factors of the larger number, 16.
• The greatest factor is the GCF.
1 , , , , , 12
_______
15. 24 ) 48,840 16.
678
17. $4.75 18. $10 – w = 87¢
$10.00
+ $10.00
w=
19. 463 + 27 + m = 500 20. least to greatest
1 , 0, –2, __
1, __ 1
2 4
m= , , , ,
21. average 22. factors of 28
12
16
+ 23
1 , , , , , 28

23. Multiply the loop. 24.

4 in.
sides
___________ 1
___ ___
centimeters ?
25. (12 × 12) – (11 × 13) = 26. Show clock divided into thirds.
– =

and
27. __ 3
2 < __ 28. a. 1 dollar = bits
3 4
b. Multiply the loop.
< bits
_______ ___ ?
__
dollars 1 _1
2
a.
Use work area. b. © 2007 Harcourt Achieve Inc.
29. • Here are the factors of 20. 30. Draw a . In the circle draw
• Cross off the factors that are NOT factors of 30.
ap sign.
1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20
Then draw a t sign
in the circle.
, , , Use work area.

LESSON
22 “Equal Groups” Stories with

Fractions (page 117)
Name
• The textbook shows how to solve fraction of a group problems with Teacher Notes:
a diagram: What number is _34 of 16? • Introduce Hint #35, “Fraction of a
Group, Part 2.”
1. Draw a rectangle and divide it into the number of equal parts
• Refer students to “Finding a Part
shown by the denominator of the fraction. (four parts) When the Whole is Known” on
page 14 in the Student Reference
2. Divide the “of” number by the denominator and write that Guide.
number in each part of the rectangle. (16 ÷ 4 = 4)
3. Count the number of parts of the rectangle shown by the
numerator of the fraction and find the answer. (4 × 3 = 12)

{ { {

_
3
of 16 _
3
of 16 is 12
4 4

• You can also solve these problems using an “is/of” loop.

• Notice the words “is” and “of” appear in these problems: What number is _34 of 16?
1. Set up a loop problem using the words “is” and “of.”
is
__ ___ ___
of
2. Write the given fraction first. is
__ 3
__ ___
of 4
3. Then fill in the number given.
If the “is” number is given, write it as the numerator. is
__ 3
__ ?
___
If the “of” number is given, write it as the denominator. of 4 16
4. Solve the problem.

(1) Draw the loop. is
__ 3
__ ?
___ (16 × 3) ÷ 4 = 12
of 4 16
(2) Multiply the numbers in the loop.
(3) Divide by the outside number.
• When working percent problems, remember that a whole is 100%.

Answer using either the diagram or the “is/of” loop.
3 of 12 =
a. __ 2 of $4.50 =
b. __ 4 of 60 =
c. __
4 3 5

is
__ 3
__ ?
___ is
__ 2
__ ______ is
__ 4
__ ___
of 4 12 of 3 $4.50 of 5


Practice Set (continued) (page 119)
3 of 80 =
d. ___ 5 of 24 =
e. __ 9 of 100% =
f. ___
10 6 10

is
__ 3
___ ___ is
__ 5
__ ___ is
__ ___ ?
______
of 10 of 6 of 100%

1. ( )–( )= 2. original states ______

00000
all states 00000
3. 26 mi plus 385 yd 2 of 12
4. __
3
Multiply the loop.
Multiply the loop.
mi
___ 1
___ 26
___
yd is
__ 2
__ ___
?
of 3
3 of 16
5. __ 3 of $3.50
6. ___

4 10
` `
is
__ 3
__ ___ is
__ 3
___ ___
` `
of 4 of 10
` `

` `

` `
7. 600 ft 8. w – 15 = 8 w = 345
9. ___ 10. $34.09
0 = 15 $34.09
=
–100 ft + $34.09
w= w=

_________
11. ) $1 2. 4 5 12. ______ R
35 ) 1000
7 + 9 + 14 =
13. ___________ 14. 36 9×4
3
$1.24 $1.25
a. estimate
b. First multiply $1.25 × . Then multiply that answer
times .
Use work area.
15. ten-millions place 16. GCF of 12 and 15

• List (in order) the factors of the smaller number, 12.
375,426,198,000 • Starting with the greatest factor, cross off factors that are NOT factors
of the larger number, 15.
, , , , ,
17. 30 18. 100 2

3
5
9
10
, , , , , , , , ,

4=
19. __ % 20. Use fraction manipulatives.
5

is
__ ___ ?
______ 1
__ 1
__
of 100% 3 2


21. NOT prime 22. (3 + 3) – (3 × 3) =
A 19 B 29 C 39 – =
23. halfway between 27 and 43 24. perimeter
CM
CM
25. 26. Use fraction manipulatives.
1
__ 1
__
6 5

2
27. __ 3
__ 1 of
28. __
4 5 4
is
__ ___ ___
of
Use work area.
29. a. 1 dollar = bits 30. c – p = t
1 dollar =
b. __ bits c– =
4
p+ =
a.
t+ =
b. Use work area.

LESSON
23 Ratio
Rate (page 122)
Name
• A ratio is a way to describe a relationship between numbers. Teacher Notes:

• Review Hint #25, “Rate.”
• Each of the following forms is read the same: “Thirteen to fifteen.”
• Refer students to “Proportion
13 to 15 13:15 __
13
15 (Rate) Problems” on page 19 and
“Ratio” on page 22 in the Student
• Write the ratio in the order asked. Reference Guide.
12 = _
• Always reduce ratios. __ 3
16 4
• Leave ratios in “top-heavy” fraction form. (Never convert a ratio to a mixed number.) _74
• A rate is a ratio of measures.
Name Rate of Measures Example Alternate Form

distance
________ 55 miles
________
Speed 55 miles per hour
time 1 hour
distance
_________ 28 miles
________
Mileage 28 miles per gallon
fuel used 1 gallon
price
________ $2.89
______
Unit Price $2.89 per pound
quantity pound
• Rate problems are solved just as you did equal-groups problems:

1. Name what the problem is about.
2. Fill in what you know.
3. Fill in what you are looking for.
4. Multiply the loop.
5. Divide by the outside number.

a. What is the ratio of dogs to b. What is the girl-boy ratio in a c. If the ratio of cars to trucks in
cats in a neighborhood that has class of 30 students with 17 the parking lot is 7 to 2, then
19 cats and 12 dogs? boys? what is the ratio of trucks to
dogs cars in the parking lot?
___ girls ___
cats boys trucks
___
cars
Multiply the loop. Divide by the outside number.
d. How long will it take a trucker to drive 400 miles e. If a four-quart container of milk costs $2.48, what
at 50 miles per hour? is the cost per quart?
miles
______ ___ ___ quarts ___ ___
hours ? $ ?

2 of 30
1. Multiply the loop. 2. __
3
cm 1
___ 30
___ is
__ ___ ___
mm of

3. One large pace is about one yard. 4. Multiply the loop.

100 large paces = yards
mi
___ ___ ___
gal.

3 of 25
5. __ 7 of $36.00
6. ___
5 10

is
__ is
__ is
__ __ s __
is i__ is
of of of
of of of

7. Use fraction manipulatives to add. 8. mixed number
3
__ 9 =
__
8 8
4
+ __
8
9. Reduce. 10. $3.75
2=
__ %
8

11. 12. 36,174,591
$3.75
13. One way to find _23 of a is to first 14. $0.35n = $35.00
divide the number by ; then
that answer by 2.
Use work area. n=
15. $10.20 – m = $3.46 16. Use fraction manipulatives.
$10.20 3
__ 1
4
× $13.46
m=
17. IN 18. 2, 4, 8, 16, , ,…
To find a number, multiply the number before it
by .
19. See the thermometer in the Student Reference Guide. 20. 12 ÷ 6 – 2 12 ÷ (6 – 2)
Fahrenheit or Celsius?
14˚ is below freezing on the
scale, but is above freezing on the
scale.
Use work area.

21. GCF of 24 and 32 22. sum of the first seven positive odd numbers
• Here are the factors of 24.
• Starting with the greatest factor cross off factors
that are NOT factors of 32.
• Circle the GCF.
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
23. Use fraction manipulatives. 1=

24. __ %
8
A
B
a.
b.
1
25. ___ = __ 26. 16 on team
8 2
freestyle _______
not freestyle
27. See the Student Reference Guide. 28. Which represents a line?
A
C
29. Use tests for divisibility by 2 and 5. 30. win win

____
loss loss
A 252 B 525 C 250

LESSON
24 Adding and Subtracting

Fractions That Have Common
Name
Denominators (page 127)

• Use fraction manipulatives to help you see that the denominator does not change.
• To add or subtract fractions with like denominators, add or subtract the numerators.
1
8 1
8
1
1 1 8
8 8
3 + 2 = 5 Ľ â
8 8 8
3 + __
a. __ 4 =
8 8
3 + __
b. __ 1 =
4 4
c. __ 1 + __
1 + __ 1 =
8 8 8
4 – __
d. __ 1 =
8 8
3 – __
e. __ 2 =
4 4
1 =
1 – __
f. __
4 4
g. Use words to write the subtraction problem in exercise d.
eighths minus eighth equals eighths.

3 of 1 dozen
1. Multiply the loop. 2. __
4
$
__ ___ ___
$5.00 car
is
__ ___ ___
hr 1 5 $5.00 yard
of
$ 5.00 altogether

Equal g pattern; then
a pattern.
1 of 1760
3. __ 4. Use fraction manipulatives.
8
1 + __
__ 2 =
is
__ ___ ___
4 4
of
I divided by .
5. __ 4 =
7 – __ 1 + __
6. __ 1 =
8 8 2 2
7. __ 1 =
1 – __ 1 + __
8. __ 1 =
2 2 2 4 %
Fred had of a carrot. He ate it.
How much did he have ? © 2007 Harcourt Achieve Inc.
9. fiction _______ 10. halfway

nonfiction
A 123 and 321 and
d by .
Use work area.

11. 12. NOT prime
MI A 21 B 31 C 41
13. _______ R 14. _______ R

9)1 0 0 0 ) 22,422
15. 1
16. __ 1
__
2 4
$350
17. Seattle to Portland—172 mi 18. Multiply the loop.

Portland to San Francisco—636 mi Divide by the outside number.
Circle one. He (will, will not) be charged extra. mi

___ 172
____ ?
___
hr
172
I rounded
636
Use work area.

19. Split the difference. 20. 32, 9 87,145
í&
í&
í&

21. GCF of 21 and 28 22. Use tests for divisibility by 9.

• Starting with the greatest factor, cross off factors that are A 123 B 234 C 345
NOT factors of the larger number, 28.
, , ,
23. Use fraction manipulatives. w = 20

24. __
8
x
1 = __
4
w=
25. 7x = 84 26. 376 + w = 481
481
× 376
x= w=
27. m – 286 = 592 28. twice the population of Eaton

0OPULATIONOF#OUNTY4OWNS

592

× 286
INTHOUSANDS
0OPULATION

%ATON #HESTER -ADISON

m=
29. Madison 30. 0OPULATIONOF#OUNTY4OWNS

Chester

INTHOUSANDS
0OPULATION

%ATON #HESTER -ADISON 7ILSON
Use work area.

LESSON
25 Writing Division Answers

as Mixed Numbers
Name
Multiples (page 132)

Teacher Notes:
• In some division problems, the answer must be shown as a • Review Hint #33, “Improper
Fractions.”
mixed number. • Refer students to “Multiples” on
page 5 in the Student Reference
• A mixed number is a whole number plus a fraction.
Guide.
whole number 2_34 fraction
}
mixed number
• Put the remainder over the divisor to make the fraction.
Example 1: Write __
25
6
as a mixed number.

Example 2: A whole circle is 100% of a circle.

One third of a circle is what percent of a circle?

• We find multiples of a number by multiplying the number by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and so on.

Example: The first six multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18.
a. ___ b. ________ c. _____

) 28 ) 1 0 0% ) 467
The times table will give you the multiples of a number.
d. first four multiples of 12 , , ,

e. first six multiples of 8 , , , , ,
f. 3rd multiple of 8 _____

2nd multiple of 12
Divide to change the improper (top heavy) fractions to mixed numbers:
35 =
g. ___ 49 =
h. ___ 65 =
i. ___
6 10 12

1. ( )–( )= 2. Carlos can find the a distance of
the t punts by adding yd,
yd, and yd, and then
d the sum by .
Use work area.
3. one hundred forty-nine million, six hundred 4. perimeter

thousand kilometers

IN

IN

, ,
5. 4 ∙ p = 6.
Show the answer as a mixed number.

___
) 30
1 of 12
7. __ 1 of 12
__ 8. Use fraction manipulatives for help.
2 3
1=
Half of __
2
Now, half of that =
9. Show the answer as a mixed number. 10. Use fraction manipulatives for help.
________
) 1 0 0%
a.
b.

11. 33 _13% is what fraction? 12. mixed number
365
13. __ 2 =
2 + __
2 + __ 14. __ 5=
6 – __
3 3 3 6 6
15. 30 × 40 ÷ 60 = 16. ___ 5 =

5 – ___
12 12
17.
win 000
____ 18. 10 ∙ =t
loss 000
pens 1
__ x
__
cost x ?
19. GCF of 24 and 30 1 of 100

20. ____
100
• Starting with the greatest factor, cross off factors that are NOT factors of
the larger number, 30.
, , , , , , ,

5+m=1
21. __ 144 = 12
22. ____
8 n
5
1 __
8
5
× 1__
8
m= n=
23. estimate 2 of
24. __
3
3142
6328
is
__ xx
___ xx
___
4743 xx xx
of
25. 26. Jan could draw segments from the center to
estimate the 12, the , and the .
measure

Use work area. Use work area.
27. mixed number 28.
15 =
___
4
3
__ 4
__
4 5 © 2007 Harcourt Achieve Inc.
Use work area.
29. Multiples: Think times table. 30. Circle the number that is divisible by 9 and 10.
Use tests for divisibility by 9 and 10.
A 910 B 8910 C 78,910
The sum of the digits is , which is
divisible by . The last digit is so it is
divisible by .
25, , , Use work area.

LESSON
26 Using Manipulatives to
Reduce Fractions
Name
Adding and Subtracting Mixed

Teacher Notes:
Numbers (page 136) • Introduce Hint #36, “Reducing
Fractions (Manipulatives and
• Use fraction manipulatives to reduce fractions. Shortcuts).”
• We reduce when we use the fewest number of fraction pieces to • Review “Fraction Families
Equivalent Fractions” on page 12 in
show the amount. the Student Reference Guide.
• When adding mixed numbers:
1. Add the whole numbers.
2. Add the fractions.
3. Reduce or convert the fraction if needed. We convert when we change an improper
(top-heavy) fraction to a mixed number or a whole number.
• Simplify is another way to say convert or reduce.
Use fraction manipulatives to reduce:
2 = ___
a. __
8
6 = ___
b. __
8
Add and reduce when possible:
c. 1%
12__ d. 2%
16__ e. 3
3__
2 3 4
+ 121 %
__ + 662 %
__ + 23
__
2 3 4
= = =
1 + 2__
f. 1__ 7 =
8 8
2 =
g. 3 + 2__
3
3+4=
h. __
4
i. Use words to write problem f.
plus equals .

1. HOME PARK years x

2. _______ 1
___ ___
3_34 mi
months 36
1 dozen
3. 2__ Is this enough? mc
4. ___ 1
___ 1000
_____
2 cm ?
1 dozen =
1 dozen =
1 dozen =
__
2
5. perimeter 6. __ 1
1 + __ 1 of __
__ 1
2 2 2 2

IN

7. Convert and reduce. 8. __ 1%

1 = 12__
8 2
7
5 __
8 3 =
__ %
5
__ 8
+ 78
=
9. 1 = ___ 10. GCF of 15 and 25

12 • List (in order) the factors of the smaller number, 15.
• Starting with the greatest factor, cross off factors
that are NOT factors of the larger number, 25.
1 , , , 15

11. Find the pattern. Continue it. 12. mixed number
8, 16, 24, 32, 40, , , ... 14 =

___
5
Add to the preceding term.
13. Simplify. 2 + n = 1
14. __
3
2
__ 2
1__
5 5
2
__
4
__ + 3
+ 5
=
n=
16. 3
1 __
15. GCF of 12 and 18
4
• List (in order) the factors of the smaller number, 12. 3
– 1 __
• Starting with the greatest factor, cross off factors that are 4
NOT factors of the larger number, 18.
, , , , ,
17.
3
3__ 18. 2_1_
4 2
+ 33 1
__
– 22
19. Use tests for divisibility by 2 and 3. 20. prime numbers between 30 and 40
See the Student Reference Guide.
A 4671 B 3858 C 6494
and

21. 5063 22. Use fraction manipulatives to reduce.

3987
6 =
__
8

$ounds xx ? 3 of $30
23. _______ ___ ___ 24. __
pounds xx xx 5
is
__ xxx
____ xxx
____
of xxx xxx
25. 26. least to greatest

MM
1 , 0, –1, 1
__
2
a. in millimeters a.
b. in inches
b. , , , ,
27. 2AINFALL!MOUNTSFOR&IRST4HREE9EARS 2nd year 28. average

1st year

2AINFALLININCHES

&IRST 3ECOND 4HIRD

9EAR 9EAR 9EAR © 2007 Harcourt Achieve Inc.
29. average 30. In the year it rained inches. In the
1st year year it rained inches. Altogether, how
many did it rain? Answer:
Use work area.

LESSON
27 Measures of a Circle (page 141) Name
• The circumference is the distance around the circle (perimeter). Teacher Notes:
• Refer students to “Circle” on
• The diameter is the distance across a circle through the center. page 17 in the Student Reference
Guide.
• The radius is the distance from the center to the circle.
• Post reference chart, “Circles.”
• The diameter is twice the radius.
• The activity in the Student Edition is
D = 2r optional.
• The radius is half the diameter.

c u
r m
r = _12 D
f
C
Diameter Radius
• A compass is a tool for drawing a
e
circle.
r
e
e
• Concentric circles are circles with c n
the same center like a bull’s-eye target.

Give the name for:
a. The distance across a circle d
b. The distance around a circle c
c. The distance from the center to the circle r
d. If the diameter is 10 in., what is the radius?
The radius is h the diameter.
1. ( )×( )= 3 of
2. __
4
sum difference
is
__ xx
___ xx
___
of xx xx

3. 306 – =d 4. a. radius b. The d is
306 twice the radius of a

IN
c .
a.
5. Use tests for divisibility. 6. 1,234,567
A 122 B 123 C 132
8. denominator
7. 10p =
See the Student Reference Guide.
lb
___ 010 ____
____ 010
23
___
$ 010 010
24
3 of 65
9. __ 2 of $15
10. __
5 3
is
__ xx
___ xx
___ is
__ xx
___ xx
___
of xx xx of xx xx
11. Use fraction manipulatives for help. 12. Reduce.

Simplify.
3 =
7 – __
__
3
2 + __
1 + __ 8 8
__ =
6 6 6

13. __ 5 =
6 – __ 5 =
2 + __
14. __
6 6 8 8
0 4 =
15. a. 1 = __ 16. __
8 6
0
1 = __
b. __
2 8
a.
b.
1 of __
17. __ 1
18. 50% =
2 4
19. ______ R sides 1

__ 0
___
52 ) 2100 00 20.
inches
/
? 36
21. Convert. 22. 432 =

____
18
7 =
__
6

23. (55 + 45) ÷ (55 – 45) = 24. Use tests for divisibility by 2 and 5.
÷ = A 502 B 205 C 250
25. Add the d of the number. 26. prime but NOT odd
If the s of the digits can
be divided by , the number can be
by 9.
Use work area.
27. perimeter of a circle 28. There are even numbers

1 2 3
4 5 6 and odd numbers.
7 8 9
even 00
___
odd 00
Use work area. © 2007 Harcourt Achieve Inc.
29. 1%
37__ 30. Convert.
2
1% 1%
33 __
– 12__
2 3
+ 16 2 %
__
3
=

LESSON
28 Angles (page 145) Name
• A plane is a flat surface like a tabletop. Teacher Notes:

• Introduce Hint #37, “Geometry
• Parallel lines never meet, like railroad tracks. Vocabulary.”
• Lines intersect when they cross. • Refer students to “Types of Lines”
and “Types of Angles” on pages 17
• Perpendicular lines intersect and make square corners like the and 18 in the Student Reference
corner of a piece of paper. Guide.
• Post reference chart, “Angles and
• Oblique lines intersect but do not make square corners.
Triangles.”
PERPENDICULAR OBLIQUE
LINES LINES
PARALLEL
LINES INTERSECTINGLINES
• Two rays that start at the same point make an angle.

• The vertex of an angle is the point where the rays start.
RIGHT ACUTE OBTUSE

ANGLE ANGLE ANGLE
The square corner fits a “cute” little angle more than a right angle
the corner of your paper.
• Angles can be named with letters or numbers.

• You can name an angle with just the letter of the vertex. If three letters are used to name the angle, the
letter of the vertex must be in the middle. !
• This angle is named angle B (∠B), angle ABC (∠ABC),

angle CBA (∠CBA), or angle 1(∠1).
"
#
a. With your thumb and forefinger, show an acute angle, a right angle, and try to make an obtuse angle.
Describe each angle below as acute, right, or obtuse.
b. c. d.

e. What type of angle is formed by the hands of a clock at 4:00 o’clock? angle

f. What type of angle is formed at the corner of a door in your classroom? angle

g. Which two angles formed by these obtuse lines appear to be acute angles?

∠ and ∠ .


Practice Set (continued) (page 147)
h. Draw two parallel line segments.
i. Draw two perpendicular lines.
Refer to the triangle to answer questions j and k.

&
j. Angle H is an acute angle; name another acute angle. ∠
k. Name an obtuse angle. ∠ ( '

1. Convert. 2 of 20 million
2. __
5
1 + __
__ 3 =
2 + __
3 3 3

3. 32g = 768 4. – 1776 = d

peanuts 768 ?
________ ____ __ + 1776 this year
children 1 + 1776 Declaration of Independence
5. Convert. 2
1__ 7. 2
3 __
6. Convert. 3 3
2
__
23 =
___ 2
__ + 43
3 + 13
5 2 of $24
8. 3__ 9. Reduce. 10. __
6 3
1 4
__ 4=
__ is
__ ___ ___
– 6 8 of

1 of 100% =
11. a. ___ 12. What fraction?
10
3 of 100% =
b. ___ 25% =
10
a.
b.
mi
13. ___ ___ ?
___ 1+m=1
14. __
gal 1 4
1
1__
4
1
× 1__
4
m=
15. 423 – w = 297 16. a. obtuse angle

b. acute angle
423
× 297 1
a. ∠
0 3 2
w= b. ∠
17. average 18. inches ___ ?

__
sides 3 1
22
20
23
+ 23
19. GCF of 24, 36, and 60 20. 10,010

• List (in order) the factors of the smaller number, 24. 10,010
• Starting with the greatest factor, cross off factors that are NOT factors
of the other numbers, 36 and 60.
, , , ,
, , ,


21. (100 × 100) – (100 × 99) = 1 =
22. ___ %
10
– =
23. Show the answer as a mixed number. 3 of 2 dozen

24. __
4
long division
is
__ ___ ___
5097
of
25. a. in inches 26. Multiples: Think times table.

b. in centimeters first five multiples of 6: , , , ,
first five multiples of 8: , , , ,

Circle the common multiple.
a. b.
red _____
27. Use fraction manipulatives for help. 28.
white
1 of __
__ 1
2 3
29. factor tree 30. Use tests for divisibility by 9.
A 234 B 345 C 567
∙ ∙

LESSON
29 Multiplying Fractions
Reducing Fractions by Dividing
Name
by Common Factors (page 152)

Teacher Notes:
• Multiplying fractions: • Review Hint #30, “Finding the
Greatest Common Factor,” and
“Of” means “multiply.” Hint #36, “Reducing Fractions
(Manipulatives and Shortcuts).”
4
(
Set up whole numbers as fractions. 4 = __
1 ) • Review “Fraction Families
Multiply across. Equivalent Fractions” on page 12 in
the Student Reference Guide.
Convert and reduce answers.
Example: 4 × __ 2
3
4 × __
__ 8 = 2__
2 = __ 2
1 3 3 3
Example: __2 of __
4 means __
2 × __ 8
4 = ___
3 5 3 5 15
• Reducing fractions:
What number will divide evenly into both the numerator and the denominator? (the GCF)
Example: Reduce __ 4.
6
The GCF of 4 and 6 is 2.
4 ÷ 2 = __
______ 2
6÷2 3

Multiply; then reduce:
a. __ 4 =
1 of __ 1 of __
b. __ 2 = 3 =
2 × __
c. __
2 5 4 3 3 4
Multiply; then convert:
d. __ 6=
5 × __ e. Write the whole number 4 =
f. 2 × __
6 5 3
as a fraction.
2 =
5 × __ 4 =
___ × __
3 3
2 =
___ × __
3
Reduce:
9 =
g. ___ 6 =
h. ___ 18 =
i. ___
12 10 24
j. In a class of 30, there were 20 girls. What was the ratio of boys to girls?
Reduce.
boys boys
_____ _____ =
girls girls

1. tons 1
___ 8
__ 2. beans 16
___ ?
___
pounds ? ounces 1
3. ( )–( )= 4. Reduce.
win ___ =
loss
16 =
5. ___ 6. Reduce.
24
3 =
1 + __
__
8 8
7. Reduce. 8. Reduce.
__ 2 =
1 × __ 3 =
7 – ___
___
2 3 12 12
1 of 96
9. __ 10. 1, 4, 7, 10, , , ,…
8
is
__ ___ ___
of

11. 5 out of 12 months passed 12. offset
$3.60
13. Cancel the matching zeros. 14. Convert and reduce.
50,000 18 =
_______ = ___
50,100 4
15. 15°
= 16. m + 496 + 2684 = 3217
0° =
–8°
m=
17. 1000 – n = 857 18. 24x = 480
1000
× 8857
n= x=
19. 7 ∙ 11 ∙ 13 = 20. To estimate 4963 ÷ 39, first r
4963 to and r 39 to
. Then divide by .
Use work area.

21. __ 3
2 × __ 22. perimeter
3 2 one width
MM
both widths
1 so both lengths
one length
1 × 1 – __
1 =
23. Think! 24. __
2( 2
__
)
4
12 – 40 = 00
___ 1 =
__
–
00 4
25. a. acute angles 26. Reduce.
b. obtuse angles 3
2 of __
__
3 5
$ !
a. ∠ and ∠
# "
b. ∠ and ∠
27. product 28. Reduce.
3
__ 4
__ radius ___ =
4 3 diameter
29. 2=
30. __ %
5

1 of a circle is
__ 2 is
%, so __ .
5 5


LESSON
30 • Least Common Multiple (LCM)

• Reciprocals (page 158)
Name
• Multiples remind us of multiplication. Teacher Notes:

• Introduce Hint #38, “Finding the
• Multiples: Think times table.
Least Common Multiple,” and
Example: Find the least common multiple (LCM) of 3 and 4. Hint #39, “Reciprocal.”
• Refer students to “Multiples” on
Multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, … page 5 in the Student Reference
Guide.
Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, …
12 and 24 are common multiples.
12 is the least common multiple (LCM).
• Reciprocal “flip” the fraction
Example: 4 = _41, so the reciprocal of 4 is _14 .
• Rule: The product of any fraction and its reciprocal always equals 1.
3 × __
Examples: __ 4 = ___
12 = 1 7 × __
__ 9 = ___
63 = 1
4 3 12 9 7 63
Find the least common multiple of each pair:
a. Go down the 6s and 8s. b. Go down the 3s and 5s. c. 5 and 10

Find the first number in common. Find the first number in common.
6 and 8 3 and 5
Write the reciprocal of each number:
d. 6 2
e. __ 8
f. __ 1
g. __
3 5 3
Use the rule of reciprocals to find the number that goes in the box:
3 ×
h. __ = 1 i. 4 × = 1 j. 1 = 1
× __ k. 7 = 1
× __
8 6 8
l. How many _25 s are in 1? (reciprocal)
m. How many __
5
12
s are in 1?

1. Multiples: Think times table. 2 of

2. __
3
( × )–( × )= is
__ __ __
of
3. 42 ∙ =p 4. Multiples: Think times table.
15 min = _14 hour
2 hours = _
1 -hours
4
Multiply the loop.
popcorn 42
___ ?
___
_
1 -hours
4 12 , , ,
5. LCM of 4 and 6 6. Reduce.

• Go down the 4 s and 6 s. one hour = min
• Find the first one in common.
commercials 00000 =
______
non commercials 00000
One hour is minutes, so if minutes were
commercials, then minutes
were not commercials.
7. Convert. 1 =
8. 1 – ___
10
__ 2 + __
2 + __ 2 =
5 5 5 © 2007 Harcourt Achieve Inc.
9. Reduce. 10. rule of reciprocals
___ 1 =
11 – ___ 3 × __
__ 4 =
12 12 4 3

11. ___ 3 =
5 × __ 12. Convert.
4
5 × __
__ 5 =
2 3
13. Count the factors of 24. 14. $6.50

$6.50
$6.50
15. $5.00 16. 596

+ $6.50 405
17. obtuse angle 18. __ 2

2 × __ 2 × 1
__
3 3 3
!
"
#
500,000 ______
19. ________ = 20. 35 ) 8540
500,100

21. Write the answer as a mixed number. 4 =

22. ___
short division
12
1 0 0%
23. average 24. Multiply the loop.

375
632 sides
______ ___ ___
+ 571 inches 36 ?
25. rule of reciprocals 26. Think reciprocal.
3 ×
27. __ = 1 28. The only even prime number is .
8 The reciprocal of that is:
29. Convert and reduce. 30.
45 =
___
10

IN

3 × __ =
__
4

Crs1 Lessons021-030

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LESSON

21 Divisibility (page 112) Name

• Tests for divisibility: Teacher Notes:

2 if the last digit is even.

5 if the last digit is 0 or 5.

10 if the last digit is 0.

Add the digits of the number and inspect the

3 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 3.

9 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 9.

Practice Set (page 114)

a. Which of these numbers is divisible by 2?

b. Which of these numbers is divisible by 3?

Written Practice (page 114)

Saxon Math Course 1 L21-81 Adaptations Lesson 21

5. girls ____ 6. three hundredths

9. 1, 4, 16, 64, , ... 10. 64 × 1 64 + 1

M the preceding term

by . © 2007 Harcourt Achieve Inc.

Saxon Math Course 1 L21-82 Adaptations Lesson 21

13. GCF of 12 and 16 4030 =

17. $4.75 18. $10 – w = 87¢

19. 463 + 27 + m = 500 20. least to greatest

21. average 22. factors of 28

Saxon Math Course 1 L21-83 Adaptations Lesson 21

23. Multiply the loop. 24.

Use work area. b. © 2007 Harcourt Achieve Inc.

, , , Use work area.

Saxon Math Course 1 L21-84 Adaptations Lesson 21

22 “Equal Groups” Stories with

• You can also solve these problems using an “is/of” loop.

4. Solve the problem.

Practice Set (page 119)

Answer using either the diagram or the “is/of” loop.

Saxon Math Course 1 L22-85 Adaptations Lesson 22

Written Practice (page 119)

1. ( )–( )= 2. original states ______

Saxon Math Course 1 L22-86 Adaptations Lesson 22

b. First multiply $1.25 × . Then multiply that answer

15. ten-millions place 16. GCF of 12 and 15

17. 30 18. 100 2

Saxon Math Course 1 L22-87 Adaptations Lesson 22

21. NOT prime 22. (3 + 3) – (3 × 3) =

23. halfway between 27 and 43 24. perimeter

25. 26. Use fraction manipulatives.

© 2007 Harcourt Achieve Inc.

Use work area.

29. a. 1 dollar = bits 30. c – p = t

b. Use work area.

Saxon Math Course 1 L22-88 Adaptations Lesson 22

• A ratio is a way to describe a relationship between numbers. Teacher Notes:

Name Rate of Measures Example Alternate Form

• Rate problems are solved just as you did equal-groups problems:

Practice Set (page 124)

Multiply the loop. Divide by the outside number.

Saxon Math Course 1 L23-89 Adaptations Lesson 23

3. One large pace is about one yard. 4. Multiply the loop.

7. Use fraction manipulatives to add. 8. mixed number

9. Reduce. 10. $3.75

Saxon Math Course 1 L23-90 Adaptations Lesson 23

11. 12. 36,174,591

13. One way to find _23 of a is to first 14. $0.35n = $35.00

divide the number by ; then

Use work area. n=

17. IN 18. 2, 4, 8, 16, , ,…

To find a number, multiply the number before it

13. _ R 14. _ R

a. _ b. __ c. _