AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY LED LIGHT

This automatic emergency led light used in night time when the power is cutoff by some reason. This emergency light takes 230V AC and it converts it in 12V DC and charge the battery which is used in this circuit. The power from the battery is used that time when the power is cut off or we need to use it. In this circuit we use PNP transistor. The advantage of this emergency light is that if we use this light in a room with LED light source for high energy conversion efficiency. Re- chargeable batteries are NiCd or NIMh or LI-Ion type for getting high usable life. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Transformer, Rectifier, Ni-Cd battery,Transistor, LEDs, Diodes, Resistors, Capacitors.

RFID BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM

The main objective of this project is to record the attendance of students using RFID (Radio-frequency identification) tags. Each student is provided with his/her authorized tag to swipe over the reader to record their attendance.

In classrooms, time is wasted in roll calls as it is done manually. In this proposed system, authorized student is given an RFID tag. This tag contains an integrated in built circuit that is used for storing, processing information through modulating and demodulating of the radio frequency signal that is being transmitted. Thus, the data stored in this card is referred as the identification/attendance of the person. Once the student places the card in front of the RFID card reader, it reads the data and verifies it with the data stored in the microcontroller from 8051 family. If the data matches, then it displays a message on the LCD confirming the entry of that student else displays a message denying the attendance. The status of a students attendance can be retrieved from this system by pressing the status button interfaced to the microcontroller. Hence, a lot of time is saved as all the students attendance is directly stored in the data base.
The project can be further enhanced by adding features like sending an SMS of the daily attendance of students to their parents. It can also be enhanced by using a finger print module in place of RFID module that has certain drawbacks of tags be misused.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: 8051 series Microcontroller, RFID tags and RFID Reader, LCD, Resistors, Capacitors, Diodes, Transformer, Voltage Regulator, Crystal, switches. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: Keil compiler Language: Embedded C or Assembly

AUTO POWER SUPPLY CONTROL FROM 4 DIFFERENT SOURCES: SOLAR, MAINS, GENERATOR & INVERTER TO ENSURE NO BREAK POWER

The main objective of this project is to provide uninterrupted power supply to a load, by selecting the supply from any source out of 4 such as mains, generator, and inverter and solar automatically in the absence of any of the source. The demand for electricity is increasing every day and frequent power cuts is causing many problems in various areas like industries, hospitals and houses. An alternative arrangement for power source is a must.

In this project uses four switches to demonstrate the respective failure of that power supply. When any of the switches is pressed it shows the absence of that particular source, switches are connected to microcontroller as input signals. A microcontroller of 8051 family is used. The output of microcontroller is given to the relay driver IC, which switches appropriate relay to maintain uninterrupted supply to the load. The output shall be observed using a lamp drawing power supply from mains initially. On failure of the mains supply (which is actuated by pressing the appropriate switch) the load gets supply from the next available source, say an inverter. If the inverter also fails it switches over to the next available source and so on. The current status, as to which source supplies the load is also displayed on an LCD. As it is not feasible to provide all 4 different sources of supply, one source with alternate switches are provided to get the same function. The project can be further enhanced by using other sources like wind power also and then taking into consideration for using the best possible power whose tariff remains lowest at that moment.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: 8051 series Microcontroller, Relay Driver IC, Relays, LCD, Lamp, Push Buttons, Transformer, Diodes, Voltage Regulator, Crystal, LEDS, Capacitors, Resistors. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: Keil compiler Languages: Embedded C or Assembly

HIDDEN ACTIVE CELL PHONE DETECTOR

The main scope of project is to sense the presence of an activated mobile phone from a distance of one-and-a-half meters to prevent the use of same in the examination halls. Certain places where uses of mobile phones are not allowed like exam hall, temple, offices and theaters, in those places to detect and restrict the use of mobile phones this proposed system is very helpful. This system can detect any active cell phone i.e. when some is trying to make a call or receive a call, sending a message or receiving a message. In the above mentioned conditions a buzzer will sound, in the presence of an active cell phone in the radius of one and half meters. In this project an RF detector using tuned LC circuits is formed for detecting signals in the GHz frequency band used in mobile phones as the transmission frequency of mobile phone ranges from 0.9 to 3 GHz. A capacitor is used to form a part of the LC circuit as C while the lead of the same forms the L to receive RF signals from the mobile phone. When the mobile phone is activated the RF transmission signal is detected by the detector and starts sounding a beep alarm and the LED blinks. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: OP amp, 555 Timer, Transistor, LED, Resistors, Capacitors, Piezo buzzer, Switch, Battery, Antenna.

WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER

The main objective of this project is to develop a device for wireless power transfer. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering which eliminates the use conventional copper cables and current carrying wires. Based on this concept, the project is developed to transfer power within a small range. This project can be used for charging batteries those are physically not possible to be connected electrically such as pace makers (An electronic device that works in place of a defective heart valve) implanted in the body that runs on a battery. The patient is required to be operated every year to replace the battery. This project is designed to charge a rechargeable battery wirelessly for the purpose. Since charging of the battery is not possible to be demonstrated, we are providing a DC fan that runs through wireless power. This project is built upon using an electronic circuit which converts AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V, High frequency. The output is fed to a tuned coil forming as primary of an air core transformer. The secondary coil develops a voltage of HF 12volt. Thus the transfer of power is done by the primary(transmitter) to the secondary that is separated with a considerable distance(say 3cm). Therefore the transfer could be seen as the primary transmits and the secondary receives the power to run load. Moreover this technique can be used in number of applications, like to charge a mobile phone, iPod, laptop battery, propeller clock wirelessly. And also this kind of charging provides a far lower risk of electrical shock as it would be galvanically isolated. This concept is an Emerging Technology, and in future the distance of power transfer can be enhanced as the research across the world is still going on.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: HF-Transformer, HF-diodes, rectifier, Transistors, Two air filled inductor coils, Voltage regulator, BLDC fan.

DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEM USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER

The project is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal system. The signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at the junction. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world and it has become a nightmare for the commuters in these cities. Conventional traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted to each side of the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic density. Junction timings allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. The proposed system using a microcontroller of PIC16F8 series duly interfaced with sensors, changes the junction timing automatically to accommodate movement of vehicles smoothly avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project are IR and photodiodes are in line of sight configuration across the loads to detect the density at the traffic signal. The density of the vehicles is measured in three zones i.e., low, medium, high based on which timings are allotted accordingly. Further the project can be enhanced by synchronizing all the traffic junctions in the city by establishing a network among them. The network can be wired or wireless. This synchronization will greatly help in reducing traffic congestion.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: PIC16F8 series Microcontroller, LEDs, Voltage Regulator, Resistors, Capacitors, Crystal, Diodes, Transformer, IR & Photodiodes. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: MPLAB & CCS C compiler Language: Embedded C or Assembly.

STREET LIGHT THAT GLOWS ON DETECTING VEHICLE MOVEMENT

The project is designed to detect vehicle movement on highways to switch ON only a block of street lights ahead of it (vehicle), and to switch OFF the trailing lights to save energy. During night all the lights on the highway remain ON for the vehicles, but lots of energy is wasted when there is no vehicle movement. This proposed system provides a solution for energy saving. This is achieved by sensing an approaching vehicle and then switches ON a block of street lights ahead of the vehicle. As the vehicle passes by, the trailing lights switch OFF automatically. Thus, we save a lot of energy. So when there are no vehicles on the highway, then all the lights remain OFF. However, there is another mode of operation where instead of switching OFF the lights completely, they remain ON with 10% of the maximum intensity of the light. As the vehicle approaches, the block of street lights switch to 100% intensity and then as the vehicle passes by, the trailing lights revert back to 10% intensity again. High intensity discharge lamp (HID) presently used for urban street light are based on principle of gas discharge, thus the intensity is not controllable by any voltage reduction. White Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lamps are soon replacing the HID lamps in street light. Intensity control is also possible by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) generated by the microcontroller. Sensors used on either side of the road senses vehicle movement and sends logic commands to microcontroller to switch ON/OFF the LEDs. Thus this way of dynamically changing intensity ON/OFF helps in saving a lot of energy. The project uses an 8051 series microcontroller. Further the project can be enhanced by using appropriate sensors for detecting the failed street light and then sending an SMS to the control department via GSM modem for appropriate action. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: 8051 series Microcontroller, LEDs, Voltage Regulator, Resistors, Capacitors, Crystal, Transistors, Diodes, Photodiodes, IR LED. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: Keil compiler Language: Embedded C or Assembly.

LAMP LIFE EXTENDER BY ZVS (ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCHING)

The project is designed to develop a device to increase the life of incandescent lamps. Incandescent lamps exhibit very low resistance in cold condition due to which it draws high current while switched ON, resulting in fast failure. Random switching of lamps may switch the load at peak supply voltage. When such switching occurs while the lamp is having low resistance (cold condition) then the current further shoots up (at the time of peak supply voltage switch ON) leading to premature failure of the lamp. The proposed project provides a solution by engaging a TRIAC in such a way that the switch ON time is precisely controlled by exactly firing it after detecting the zero cross point of the waveform of supply voltage. This would result in current waveform rising from zero at the time of switch to full value, thereby increasing the life of the lamp. The project is having comparator which is used for ZVS output. The ZVS (zero voltage switching) is given as reference interrupt to the microcontroller of 8051 family. A push button is used for switching ON the lamp at zero voltage of the supply voltage so the lamp draws current gradually from zero to full value. Further the project can be enhanced by using three TRIACS, one in each phase for three phase load switching.

SOLAR POWER CHARGE CONTROLLER

The solar energy is converted to electrical energy by photo-voltaic cells. This energy is stored in batteries during day time for utilizing the same during night time. This project deals with a controlled charging mechanism which over charge, deep discharge and under voltage of the battery. In this project a solar panel is used to charge a battery. A set of op-amps are used as comparators to continuously monitor panel voltage, load current etc. Indications are also provided by a green LED for fully charged battery while a set of red LEDs to indicate under charged, overloaded and deep discharge condition. Charge controller also uses MOSFET as power semiconductor switch to ensure cut off the load in low battery or overload condition. A transistor is used to bypass the solar energy to a dummy load while the battery gets fully charged. This protects the battery from getting over charged. Further the project can be enhanced by using microcontroller and GSM modem to communicate the status of the system to a control room via SMS. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Solar panel, Op-amps, MOSFET, Power Diodes, LEDs, Potentiometers, Battery