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The Family Values of the Uganda Anti-Homosexuality Bill As Americans await a hard-fought landmark Supreme Court decision on the

legality of gay marriage, there are other nations pushing to impose increasingly strict consequences against homosexuality in any form. There are currently seventy-six countries that ban

homosexual acts and relations, five of which prescribe the ultimate penalty of death. These numbers are decreasing globally, however, down from ninety-three countries in 2008, which included seven with the death penalty. Countries with state-wide homosexual penalties are clustered in North Africa and the Middle East; many of these countries are adhering to the Islamist doctrine of Sharia law, which adheres to an alignment of religion and state. Sharia is not the determining influence in all countries, though. While America continues its progress towards marriage equality at home, some Americans have taken their anti-homosexuality agenda overseas, attempting to bolster those who wish to restrict the rights of gay citizens. One country that is gaining international attention for its legislation against homosexual activity is Uganda. In Uganda, over eighty percent of the country is Christian, mostly Catholic and Anglican. However, it is unquestionably an evangelical influence that is driving the ire towards homosexuals in Uganda. ILGA (a global advocacy group promoting the interests of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons) has a comprehensive website that monitors the human rights limitations of "consensual sexual acts between persons of the same sex in private over the age of consent. They report that at least 500,000 gay people live in Uganda out of a total population of 31 million, though the government of Uganda contests that number as inflated.
Comment [1]: An oddly placed paragraph does not really fit in the flow here.

Although homosexuality is already a crime in Uganda, the proposed legislation would add capital punishment as potential adjudication for the repeat offender. Clause 2, 1.C., leaves plenty to the imagination as to what the punishable acts are; offenses may be ambiguous and up to the discretion of a regional judge. The anti-gay bill seeks to cast a wide net for those committing the act of homosexuality, asit even takes intention into to account even the citizens intention is accounted for. The anti-gay bill also holds the community accountable for aiding and abetting criminal homosexual behavior (National Post). In an environment reminiscent of the Salem witch trials, the neighbors of suspected homosexuals are not only encouraged, but under legal threat, to report community members to the police. The proposed bill would not only punish homosexuals with harsh discipline depending on the circumstance, but it would also put to death anyone who has repeatedly rented a room to a known gay person (AMERICA blog). There is similar language for persons that donate to pro-gay causes or perform internet searches relating to gay rights advocacy. There are even provisions for Ugandans who engage in homosexual relations abroad. There is specific policy that would insist that the offenders be extradited back to Uganda for criminal discipline. The conservative Christian climate is not new to Uganda. This is a country that previously made headlines with its Virginity Scholarship program, which awarded scholarships to girls who could prove their virginity. This was seen as an abstinence driven solution with right wing ideology, which diverted funds away from organizations that emphasized condom use to combat the growing HIV dilemma. Since 2009, however, there has been an emboldened

political and public outcry regarding the anti-gay bill -and other rights-related issues- that has gained the attention of the global stage. The tipping point leads to a 2009 conference in Uganda, led by American evangelicals. The Americans who spoke at the three-day anti-gay conference in Kampala were Scott Lively, an anti-gay author of books likesuch as The Pink Swastika and Seven Steps to RecruitProof Your Child, Caleb Lee Brundidge, an ex-gay man who holds healing seminars, and Don Schmierer, a board member of an interdenominational ex-gay group called Exodus International. Scott Lively is the man that is most closely attached to the anti-gay proselytizing and fervor that has erupted since this conference (Huffington Post, 2013). At this pivotal conference, Lively was promoting a book he co-authored titled The Pink Swastika, in which he argues that Hitler drew from a selection of gay advisersadvisors that helped mastermind the Holocaust. He also attributes the cause of the Rwandan genocide to the gay disease. The Ugandans attending t his conference were most notably concerned that homosexuals were a threat to the family. This is a theme that is echoed throughout the evangelical parlance. Homosexuality in Uganda is increasingly seen as a vast conspiracy to diminish the traditional family and the wholesome virtues inherent in that framing. The organizers of the conference have admitted to helping draft the bill that followed this conference, which the three Americans are now trying to distance themselves from. Lively has acknowledged meeting with Ugandan lawmakers to discuss the bill, but has stated he did not intend for the legislation to be so harsh. Lively has been challenged on his own harsh statements about gay people flooding into Uganda from the West to recruit children into

homosexuality via sexual molestation, and that his appearance in Uganda was a nuclear bomb against the gay agenda in Uganda. The Christian evangelical presence did not start with Scott Lively. Charismatic characters like Reverend Rick Warren, best known for to being invited to give the first invocation at the inauguration of President Obama 's first inauguration, have visited Uganda and made similar evocative speeches. Warren has gone soas far as to compare homosexuality to pedophilia, though he has condemned the anti-gay bill in Uganda, and is attempting to deflect any reported correlation between him and the proposed legislation. The next crucial player in this movement is Ugandan politician and parliament member is David Bahati. Weeks after the American led conference, MP Bahati introduced the antihomosexual bill dubbed by the media as the Kill the Gays Bill. Bahati was among the thousands who attended the Kampala conference and has since aggressively touted his desire to kill every last gay person. In his insightful 2010 book C Street: The Fundamentalist Threat to American Democracy, Jeff Sharlet givesprovides an unprecedented account of the evangelical motives behind mainstream efforts to usurp Ugandas anti-homosexual politics beyond the confines of conventional reporting. Scott Lively is described as a fringe character that is given too much emphasis for starting a revival of Christian conservatism in Uganda. According to Sharlet, the seeds of this renaissance were sowed long before this notorious conference (Democracy Now!, 2010).
Comment [2]: Book titles should always be wither in italics or in quotes

Sharlet suggests that the spark the conference gave to Bahati was minor compared to thehis decade-long of membership Bahati had toin the an American fundamental group called The Family. David Bahati put together the Ugandan National Prayer Breakfast, (an emulation of the yearly American exclusive political, social, and business mixer) which was designed to mold future leaders in Africa (Voice of Reason, 2013). The Family (sometimes known as The Fellowship) has been linked to millions of dollars in funding these and other right-wing Christian-conservative efforts in east Africa (Science Blogs, 2009). To MP Bahati, homosexuality is merely a symptom of what The Family sees as a greater plague: government by the people, not by God. Bahati compares homosexuals to pedophiles; gay recruiters seduce people make seducements with iPads, laptops and cellphones- to him, it is a modern witchcraft. There is an irony of Bahatis anti -gay vision of homosexual supporters from the West, lurking in the Kampala streets, enticing youth with iPods for gay sex. It is Bahati, Jeff Sharlet opines, who had been seduced, recruited for a foreign agenda ...compromised. In an interview with radio host Terry Gross, Sharlet describes how he researched this not-so secretive group, and followed paper trails to an African leadership academy called Cornerstone. Sharlet goes on to implicate Ugandan President Museveni in the souring of the political system that The Family had been involved in. Museveni was a far leftist leader when he came to power in 1986, but has slowly shifted from such sympathies and aligned with conservative American allies, toward a new city on a hill for African democracy.

In the early 1990s, when it was still taboo for many African leaders to acknowledge the AIDS epidemic, Museveni spoke candidly about the importance of safe sex. With the backing of local NGOs and INGOs, he started an ambitious program called ABC; A for abstinence, B for being faithful and C for condoms. According to Avert, one of the international AIDS charities, by 2003, Ugandas AIDS rate had decreased by 10 percent. Foreign aid is now a more significant variable in social and economic circumstances in Africa. American evangelicals are going to Africa to satisfy that [spiritual] calling. Is there a better place to create Christian nations than in a continent with nearly 500 million impoverished believers, and easily corruptible governments?" (Okong'o, 2010) Some accuse American evangelicals of stoking the fires and taking advantage of an agitated and sometimes chaotic environment. As President Museveni is lured by the sway of The Family, he is in position to be in charge of large amounts of hegemony and direction in African politics. The Family has invested more in Uganda than in any other foreign country, and billions of dollars in U.S. foreign aid has flowed into Ugandan coffers since the Family has become so interested in what Winston Churchill calls the pearl of Africa. Ugandans overwhelmingly wantsupport the bill passed, but they may not realize the tectonic shift that will likely result. The Ugandan economy is buttressed by the foreign aid that pours in. Unemployment Rate in Uganda increased to 4.20 percent in 2010 from 1.90 percent in 2007 (Trading Economics, 2012). Malnutrition and starvation may become a prominent scourge again in Uganda, and the reduction of foreign assistance may mean less medicine for the AIDS epidemic that has reached 7.2 percent of Ugandas population (UNAIDS Report, 2012).
Comment [3]: awkward

Bahati is aware of the sensitivity of Ugandans to accusations of genocide, but they strive to be a God-led nation. Fellowship groups are making their way into inner sanctums of several African governments; Burundi, Congo, Zambia, Rwanda, and Tanzania, all of which have requested copies of Bahatis bill. Jeff Sharlet describes the stalled bill as a tiger on a leash; the bill was delayed for discussion for most of 2010. Parliament adjourned in May 2011 without voting on the bill; in October 2011 debate was re-opened and then reintroduced by Bahati in February 2012. Discomfort toward gays has long been present in Uganda, though people paid less attention before the bill came out. There are now more accounts of families and friends turning their backs on the homosexuals in their lives. NGOs are being shut down for their involvement in promoting homosexuality. Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and President Obama have denounced the bill, calling it odious, which has garnered further distrust and ill -will from protesters in the anti-gay movement (Gay Star News). It is not enough for gay Ugandans to lie low and hope to dodge the threat of imprisonment and death. There are formal publications that seek to out them to the community and to the government. The local tabloid Rolling Stone, presumably a tool of government propaganda, gave homophobia further foci when it published pictures, names and addresses of the alleged Top 100 Homos. The 2010 front page was awash with stark insistence that these criminals be hanged. The pivotal decision of when and whom to come out to is usurped and used against them. Ugandan gay rights advocate David Kato was among those that were murdered after the release of this periodical under the headline Kill the Gays.
Comment [4]: How so?

Easter Sunday, 2013, a group of Ugandan Christian leaders organized an anti-homosexuality parade near David Katos home in memorial. Another chief supporter in the crusade against homosexuality has been Pastor Martin Ssempa. Ssempa has been an influential figure in Kampala and is well known among American Evangelicals. Ssempa received a Masters of Arts degree in counseling from Philadelphia Biblical University and flaunts on his website that he is "a passionate voice in the global fight against HIV/AIDS." The website goes on to highlight the two decades of hard work Ssempa has spent on the frontline of Ugandas AIDS prevention efforts. Rev. Ssempa has, no doubt, been a key player in the development and execution of national policy to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. It is his association with the anti-gay movement and the emboldened support of the anti-homosexuality bill that has brought Martin Ssempas previous and future affiliations in question. As a charismatic leader of the Makerere Community Church, Ssempa has given sermons that evoke passionate ire and emotions from the attendees. Ssempa has gathered crowds to witness stunts like burning condoms in the name of God and arranging the publication of names of homosexuals in cooperative local tabloids like Rolling Stone. One of Ssempas powerful tools to arouse rumbling from the pews is to show clips of homosexual pornographic videos to the church goers. Videos of these displays are widely broadcastbroadcasted for their inciting nature and heavily criticized for the way they stigmatize gay people with a lurid and misleading description of what gay people supposedly do. One of the more notable of these demonstrations was filmed for Current TVs documentary Missionaries of Hate. The audience at the demonstration watches with disgust as Ssempa

shows how homosexuals allegedly regularly conduct their bedroom relations with fecal play and other extreme fetish acts. The clips of Ssempa alleging that gay people eat da poo poo became an internet sensation. The most antagonizing vitriolic indignation that Pastor Ssempa implores, which strikes a vital chord with Ugandan citizens, is how homosexual cults are scheming to kidnap children, raping and drugging them, to brainwash them into the gay deviant lifestyle. In his vernacular, sodomy and rape are the same action. Pastor Ssempa has an intimate experience with the AIDS affliction in his life. Both his sister and brother contracted AIDS and died from the disease in 1990. Ssempa pointed to their promiscuity, and made his purpose-driven campaign a testament to their memory. Ssempa converted to Evangelical Christianity at the Wandegeya Baptist Youth Center, and dedicated himself to educating students about the horrors of AIDS. Martin Ssempa was named an invaluable counselor when Rick Warren unveiled his global AIDS initiative at a 2005 conference at his Saddleback Church. Ssempa was granted the privilege to deliver a keynote address regarding abstinence-only education as AIDS prevention. Warren and Ssempa had grown very familiar with each other early on. You are my brother, Martin, and I love you, Rick Warrens wife, Kay, said to Ssempa from the stage. Her voice stammered with emotion as she spoke and tears ran down her cheeks (RNW 2013). Two key Bush administration officials, Randall Tobias (Department of States Global AIDS coordinator) and Claude Allen (the White Houses chief domestic policy advisor) joined Ssempa at Warrens Orange County mega church in 2005. These officials controlled the funding of President Bushs new 15 billion dollar anti-AIDS initiative in Africa titled PEPFAR (Presidents

Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Tobias and Allen have been closely linked to the Christian right, and have since resigned due to prostitution and theft scandals, respectively.

Spokesperson for Catholic Relief Services, Karen Moul, a major PEPFAR grantee, has stated that if the bill becomes law, it could dramatically inhibit patients presenting for treatment and/or to discuss risky behavior of any kind. It will only make it harder to get services. The stigma of AIDS is bad enough. Anything that increases stigma will make getting treatment harder. Patients may avoid coming in altogether." Since the anti-gay bill has attracted such global attention and criticism, like Scott Lively, Rev. Rick Warren has also made efforts to separate his public identity from the notions of homophobic hate. I could give you a hundred gay friends, he told MSNBCs Ann Curry on December 18. I have always treated them with respect. When they come and want to talk to me, I talk to them. With the passing of the world renowned Evangelical fundamentalist Reverend Jerry Falwell in 2007, there is a space open for ardent and stirring evangelical personalities like Pastor Martin Ssempa. Ssempa rose quickly through the American Evangelical ranks with close ties to Christian Reconstructionist Peter Waldron and as a close advisor to Republican member of the United States House of Representatives, Michele Bachmann. While most evangelical organizations were breaking ties with Ssempa, one has continued to list Ssempa as a Global Outreach Strategic Partner. The Las Vegas mega church Canyon Ridge Community Church has gone on record as the only American Evangelical church that publicly admits they financially support Martin Ssempa (Salon 2010). After declaring in

June of 2010 to review Ssempas involvement in Ugandas anti -gay movement, pastors Mitch Harrison and Kevin Odor of the Willow Creek Association (a significant global network of evangelical churches that includes Canyon Ridge) said they do not believe Martin Ssempa to be the man the media and others have portrayed him to be (Salon, 2010). Ssempa has also made undertakings with a union of Ugandan Muslim and Christian leaders in a pact against the common forces of darkness. A campaign called Kick Sodomy Out of Uganda has been created as a national joint Coalition Against Homosexuality. Ssempa has appeared in public meetings with Islamic clerics to denounce homosexuality. In one such meeting with Ssempa, the Tabliq cleric Sheikh Multah Bukenya threatened to provide squads of people to hunt down gays. In late 2010, Ugandan pastor Martin Ssempa was charged with blackmail for allegedly paying a man to falsely accuse another pastor of sexual assault. Along with seven other anti-gay Christian activists, Ssempa was accused of hiring Ugandan Robson Matovu to announce he was sodomized by Pastor Robert Kayanja, but no evidence was found to support the claim and charged were retracted (SDGLN,2012). Speaker of the Ugandan Parliament Rebecca Kadaga told the Associated Press of her assuredness that the bill would pass in 2012. Ugandans are demanding it", she said about this Ugandan Christmas gift (BBC 2012). Although there is sufficient testimony of Ugandan citizen, is questionable if the majority of Ugandans are really demanding it. There are a few Ugandan citizens brave enough to talk openly about their opposition to the bill and the overall movement. Gay activist Gerald Ssentongo has voiced his descent despite

being terrified of being caught socializing with gay people. There are bars and clubs may be temporary safe havens for the LGBT community to still exist in Kampala, but they must remain underground and low key while the anti-gay sentiment persists. AIDS activists continue their plight against the stigmatization of homosexuality, saying the bill will drive homosexuals further into hiding. This will surely reduce their access to HIV prevention and care services and ironically contribute to their vulnerability to HIV. In February of 2010, hundreds of residents of the eastern city of Jinja conducted a community protest supporting the bill. Protesters signs were flaunting messages telling western leaders like President Obama to leave Uganda alone". While Uganda has not been first on the list of beacons of tolerance, the militant aggression towards gay groups and individuals has increased in the past five years. The bill continues to flounder in parliament, as government members teeter over the repercussions that would follow. The Anti-Homosexual bill has been revised to exclude the death sentence, but still much of the original bill remains. Life sentences will still be a devastating penalty for those convicted of engaging in same sex relations. Failing to report a homosexual offense will land a person in prison for three years. Some could argue that this bill has brought homophobic paranoia to the world stage, thus creating a public forum for the discussion, perhaps leading to further acceptance of the love that dare not speak its name.

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