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subject, object, theory and practice.
Oliver Harris, Cara Jones (CFA Archaeology Ltd) and Phil Richardson (University of
Newcastle).
This session is concerned with archaeological practice: more than this, we are concerned with how it is we
come to know what we know. What is at issue is the relationship between what we call fieldwork and the
interpretative strategies we deploy in order to understand what it is we have ‘found’. Traditionally
archaeological excavation has been perceived as simply purely a process of objectively recording the nature
and extent of archaeological layers and deposits, simply a means of data collection, where the material
uncovered and the record produced by individual excavators is seen as being equivalent. Recent critiques
have suggested that postprocessual archaeology has had little impact on data acquisition and thus, the
concept of an objective past, being ‘out there’ to be found, still underlies our methodologies when we enter
the field. Perhaps this should not be too surprising, a fundamental element of modernity, upon which the
archaeological method was based, has been to construct representational systems that attempt to obscure or
even hide the subjectivity of physical encounters. By thrusting the observer and embodied nature of
knowledge and practice into the background a false objectivity has been constructed, which creates and
enforces the subject versus object dichotomy. The physically embodied practice of excavation becomes
increasingly abstracted and transformed into both text and distanced, visually acquired, knowledge. As
John Barrett has argued the relationship between these understandings is considered to be a matter of
method at one level, and yet of interpretation at another; the former of these presumed to be secure, the
latter less so. Digging, recording and writing are some of the practices that interweave between the scales
of analysis we examine, yet their relationships are rarely considered critically. Modernity too rests on the
construction of multiple methodologies which disguise their own point of origin. By exploring
archaeological practice it is possible to consider the construction of archaeological method and how this
contributes to the ontological security of both the discipline and modernity at large. In this sense traditional
techniques can be seen as a way of rendering a site familiar by transforming it into something we are used
to encountering, such as a trench, rather than unfamiliar material remains of the past. This is the default
position which defers our need to confront this unfamiliarity, until, or perhaps beyond, the point of
interpretation. Work on site informs the end product, it is this process of talking about the features of the
site whilst on the site, social interaction, reflexivity and multivocality that enable us to structure and
empower our interpretation of the past. Is it the ‘performance’ of the dig that is perhaps more important
than the end product, the standardized site report? While such discussions have taken place within
archaeological theory, we are yet to examine fully how this may work and manifest itself when we enter the
field. Do we then have a situation where postprocessual archaeology has left everything related to field
practice in place or at least has done little to deconstruct our strategies or the concepts used to express
them? If fieldwork is performed by people who, acknowledged or not, have very different approaches to
the past, how does this limit what we can say? It is curious that many interpretive accounts have drawn on
excavation reports written from very different theoretical positions, without considering how this has
dramatically altered the written archaeology they are confronted with.
This session welcomes papers that attempt to consider how the practice of fieldwork itself dictates the
questions that can be asked of the material recovered, and limits and controls the interpretations that can be
made. Speakers are also encouraged to consider how other forms of digging, recording and presenting
archaeology can allow a truly multivocal approach to emerge. We also recognise that the varying concerns
of processual and interpretive archaeologies are local in their dimension, yet archaeology is a global
enterprise. Thus papers would also be welcome from outside the AngloAmerican sphere that may offer
other perspectives on the relationship between field practice and interpretation.