Let's learn some Arabic

Greetings Pronouns Questions Directions Usefuls Is Basics Counting

Greetings
Hello How are you? Good Morning Good Evening Good Very Good Please Thank you Excuse Me Never mind OK Yes No Maybe None, nothing, nobody Marhaba Keef Halek Sabah Al Kair Masaa Al Kair Kowaies Kowaies Kateer Min Fadlak Shoo kran Ismahlee Maa leesh Taieb Aiwa La Yimken Mafee

Directions
Go Rooh

Stop Turn Left Turn Right Straight Ahead Slowly Wait of Stay Show me Here There Before After Now From To or At (a place) Wait 1 minute

Wagef Lif Yassar Lif Yameen Ala Tool Shway Shway Estanna War Keni Hena Hennak Gabel Baad Al Ann Min Ala Wahad da ghee ga

Basics & General

Money Coffee Sugar Salt Car Hotel Water Tea Milk Work Airplane Street Feloos Gahwah Sokar Melh Sayara Fon doq Moya Shahi Haleeb Shoghol Tayarah Sharee

Pronouns
I Ana

You (to woman) You (to man) He She We They

Intee Inta Whowa Heeya Nihna Home

Asking Questions
Who? What? When? Where? Why? How much? How much is this? Where are you from? Understand? Do you speak English? Meen Aish Meta Fayn Lay ish Kum Kum Hada Min Fain Inta Maf Hoom Tet Kalam Ingleezi

Useful Is
I want I dont want I have I dont have I dont understand I work at the Ana abgha Ana ma abgha Ana endi Ana ma endi Ana ma fehempt Ana bash taghel fi

I dont speak Arabic Ana la tet kalam al Arabiah

Counting & Numbers

0 Zero 2 Two 4 Four 6 Six 8 Eight 10 Ten 30 Thirty 50 Fifty 70 Seventy 90 Ninety Sifir Ithnin Arba Sitta Thamania Ashra Thala theen Khamseen Saba en Tisa en 1 One 3 Three 5 Five 7 Seven 9 Nine 20 Twenty 40 Forty 60 Sixty 80 Eighty 100 Hundred Wahid Thalatha Khamsa Saba Tisa Ashreen Arba en Sitteen Thaman en Mia

LESSONS 1 - 9
GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS

Mar aba--Hello! Ahlan wa Sahlan--Welcome! As-Salaamu cAlaykum--Hello. "Peace be upon you" Wa cAlaykum as-Salaam--Response "and on you be peace" Maca as-Salaama--Goodbye "go in safety" Yaa... --Hey! (used only with person's name or title) Anaa--I Anta--(also Inta)--you, masculine singular Anti (also Inti)--you, feminine singular Huwa--he Hiya--she Ismii.... --My name is... Maa ismak? What is your name? (to a male) Maa ismik? What is your name? (to a female) Ustaath--male teacher Ustaathah--female teacher Tilmiith--Male student, pupil. (elementary/middle school) Tilmiithah--Female student, pupil. Taalib--Male student (high school or college) Taalibah--Female student Madrasah--School Jaamicah--University Min--from Ayna--Where? Min ayna anti? Where are you (f) from? Min ayna huwa? Where is he from? Anaa min Philadelphia--I am from Philadelphia. Hiya min Lubnan--She is from Lebanon.

Man?--Who? Man Hiya?--Who is she? Man huwa?--Who is he? Huwa Ustaath fii Jaamicat Pennsylvania.--He is a professor at U. Penn. Hiya tilmiithah fii Madrasat Turner.--She is a student at Turner School. abaa al-Khayr--Good Morning! (Morning of Goodness!) abaa an-Nuur--(response) And Good Morning to you! (Morning of Light!) Masaa' al-Khayr--Good Afternoon/Evening! Masaa' an-Nuur--(response) And Good Afternoon to you! Kayf--How? al- aal--the situation or condition Kayf al- aal?--How are you? Bi-khayr--Fine, good, well Anaa bi-khayr--I'm fine. al- amdu li-Llah!--God be praised! (said in response to question How are you?) Wa anti/anta?--and you?

LESSON 2: Arab and Islamic Names Most Arab names really mean something in Arabic--many are pleasant or desirable qualities--they are real words in Arabic and so can be used as names or adjectives--for example.... A mad--most praiseworthy Ma muud--commendable Saciid--happy Sucaad--happiness Widaad--love, friendship Amal--hope Arab names also found in the Bible and their English equivalents Old Testament Ibrahiim--Abraham Muusa--Moses Da'uud--David Mikha'iil--Michael Yuusuf--Joseph Saara--Sarah Nuu --Noah Yacquub--Jacob

Sulaymaan--Solomon New Testament Ya ya--John c Isa--Jesus Butrus--Peter Bulus--Paul Maryam--Mary Girgis--George Prophet Muhammad's family and early leaders of Islam: Mu ammad--means praised, commendable Khadiija--Prophet's first wife c Ali--Prophet's son-in-law--means lofty or exalted Faa ima--Prophet's daughter, married to cAli c Aa'isha--one of Prophet's wives--means prosperous asan--Prophet's grandson, son of cAli --beautiful, handsome usayn--Prophet's grandson, son of cAli --little beauty c Umar--second Caliph-(succeeder to Prophet Mu ammad as leader of Islamic community) c Uthmaan--third Caliph Bilaal--first Muezzin (caller of Muslims to daily prayers) Peoples' names based on Names of God Another class of Muslim names is based on the names of God in Arabic. The God--The same God whom Jews and Christians worship Allah means

The 99 Names of God--called The Most Beautiful Names--have to do with God's many attributes: such as, All-Seeing, All-Knowing, All-Powerful We do this as well--example we say "The Almighty" to refer to God
c

Abd--is an Arabic word meaning servant or slave

Not all of the 99 names of God are used as names for people. Some of the most popular ones are:
c c

Abd Allah --Servant of God Abd al-cAziiz --Servant of The Almighty c Abd al-Ra maan --Servant of The Merciful c Abd al-Ra iim --Servant of The Compassionate c Abd al- akiim --Servant of The Wise c Abd al-Kariim --Servant of The Generous c Abd al-Jabbaar --Servant of The Compeller c Abd al-Majiid --Servant of The Glorious

c c

Abd al-Malik --Servant of The King, The Ruler of All Abd al-Qaadir --Servant of The All-Powerful

There is no such name as "Abdul" by itself--it would mean "servant of the.....", that is, "Abdul" would be only half a name... As first names, these are all for males, but they can be used as last names for anyone. In fact, many Arab names can be used as both first and last names. This is partly because many Arabs take their father's first name as their own last name. You may also hear the words Abu, Umm, Ibn, or Bint in people's names. Abu means father, Umm means mother, Ibn means son, and Bint means daughter. So if a man is named Mu ammad, you would call his father Abu Mu ammad and his mother Umm Mu ammad. You would call his son Ibn Mu ammad, and his daughter is Bint Mu ammad. When Arab women get married, they usually keep their own family name.

ARAB COUNTRIES Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Mauritania Morocco Oman Palestine Qatar
c

Capitals Algiers (Al-Jazaa'ir) Manama Cairo (al-Qaahirah) Baghdad

c

Al-Jazaa'ir Al-Ba rayn Mi r (Ma r) Al-cIraaq Al-Urdunn Al-Kuwayt Lubnaan Liibyaa Muuriitaaniyaa Al-Maghrib Umaan Filas iin Qatar As-Sacuudiyya A - uumaal

Amman Kuwayt City Beirut Tripoli (at-Tarablus) Nouakchatt Rabat Muscat

Doha Riyadh Mogadishu

Saudi Arabia Somalia

Syria Sudan Tunisia

Suuryaa As-Suudaan Tuunis Al-Imaaraat

Damascus (Dimashq) Khartoum Tunis Abu Dhabi ancaa

United Arab Emirates Yemen

Al-Yaman

OTHER COUNTRIES America Britain Canada China Ethiopia France Germany Greece India Indonesia Iran Israel Italy Japan Mexico Pakistan Poland Russia Senegal Amriikaa Barii aaniyaa Kanadaa A - iin Athyuubiyaa Faransaa Almaaniyaa Al-Yuunaan Al-Hind Induuniisiyaa Iiraan Israa'iil Ii aaliyaa Al-Yaabaan Al-Maksiik Al-Baakistaan Buuluuniyaa Ruusiyaa Sinighaal

Turkey

Turkiyaa

Lesson 46 Days of the Week

Yawm = Day al-Yawm = Today Usbuuc = Week Ghaddan or Bukrah = Tomorrow Ams or Imbaari = Yesterday Learning the days of the week is easy if you remember how to count from 1 to 5. Just remember that the first day of the week is Sunday. Waa id Ithnaan Thalaatha Arbaca Khamsa 1 2 3 4 5 Sunday (the first day) Monday (the second day) Tuesday (the third day) Wednesday (the fourth day) Thursday (the fifth day) Friday (the day of coming together for prayer) Saturday (the Sabbath day)

(Yawm) al-A ad (Yawm) al-Ithnayn (Yawm) ath-Thulathaa' (Yawm) al-Arbicaa' (Yawm) al-Khamiis (Yawm) al-Jumcah (Yawm) as-Sabt

Vocabulary Words for Lessons 17 and 19 In School; Practice Building Sentences Ustaath--Male teacher/professor. (also used as title to mean "Mister") Ustaatha--Female teacher/professor Mudarris--Male teacher Mudarrisa--Female teacher Tilmiith--Male student, pupil. (elementary/middle school) Tilmiitha--Female student, pupil. Anaa--I Huwa--He Hiya--She Madrasah--School "Anaa tilmiitha/tilmiith fii Madrasat Thomas."--I am a student at the Thomas School. "Man hiya?"--Who is she? "Hiya tilmiitha fii Madrasat Shaw."--She is a student at the Shaw School. "Man huwa?"--Who is he? "Huwa Mudarris fii Madrasat Central East."--He is a teacher at Central East School. Adrus...--I study... "Adrus fii Madrasat Masterman." I study at the Masterman School. Al-Lugha al-cArabiyya--The Arabic Language "Adrus al-Lugha al-cArabiyya fii Madrasat Turner"--I study the Arabic Language at the Turner School. Jaamicah--University Taalib--Male high school or college student Taaliba--Female high school or college student (Words from Lesson 10) Akh--Brother Akhii--My brother Ukht--Sister Ukhtii--My sister Waalid--Father Waalidii--My father Waalida--Mother Waalidatii--My mother

"Akhii taalib fii Jaamicat LaSalle."--My brother is a student at LaSalle University. "Ukhtii taaliba fii Jaamicat Pennsylvania."--My sister is a student at the University of Pennsylvania. "Waalidii mudarris fii Madrasat Hopkinson."--My father is a teacher at the Hopkinson School. "Waalidatii ustaatha fii Jaamicat Drexel."--My mother is a professor at Drexel University.

LESSON 52 FEELINGS
Kayf al- aal? = How are you? (or Kayf aalak? to a man, Kayf aalik? to a woman) Anaa bi-khayr, al- amdu li-Llah. = I am fine, praise God. Wa anta/anti? = and you? (m/f) Kayfa tashcur al-yawm? = How do you (m.) feel today? You can answer this question with the sentence, "I feel....." Ashcur bi.... = I feel...(with noun) But just like in English, it's easier in Arabic to answer with something like "I am hungry" than it is to say "I feel hunger." Many adjectives describing a physical state of being end with -aan. To make them feminine, as with other adjectives, you add -ah at the end. Shucuur - feeling Tacbaan - tired Jawcaan - hungry c A shaan - thirsty Ghadbaan - angry arraan - hot Bardaan - cold Saciid - happy aziin - sad Mariid - sick Aasif - sorry Mashghuul - busy Examples: Hiya tacbaanah jiddan. She is very tired. Kuntu jawcaan fa thahabtu ilaa ma cam. I was hungry so I went to a restaurant. Huwa mashghuul al-yawm. He is busy today. Yaa cAa'ishah, limaathaa anti aziinah? Aisha, why are you sad?

Kaanat mariidah ams. She was sick yesterday. Waalidatii ghadbaanah minnii. My mother is angry at me. Wa anaa aasif jiddan. And I am very sorry. Anaa arraan wa ca shaan. I am hot and thirsty.

LESSON 53 SEASONS and WEATHER

Fa l = Season (plural: fu uul) ar-Rabiic = Spring a -Sayf = Summer al-Khariif = Fall ash-Shitaa' = Winter a -Taqs = the weather (also al-jaww; Egyptians say ig-gaww) Ma ar = rain Mum ir = rainy ash-Shams - The Sun Mushmis = sunny Baarid = cold aarr = hot [note that " aarr" and "baarid" are used with things, and " arraan" and "bardaan" are used with people] Examples: Na nu al-aan fii fa l ar-rabiic. We are now in the season of spring. Kaana haathaa ash-shitaa' baarid jiddan. This winter was very cold. Fii ar-rabiic a - aqs jamiil jiddan fii Philadelphia. In spring the weather is very beautiful in Philadelphia. A - aqs al-yawm aarr wa mushmis. The weather today is hot and sunny. Ams kaana a - aqs mushmis aydan. Yesterday the weather was sunny too. Yawm al-Jumcah kaana a - aqs mum ir. Friday the weather was rainy. Fii ash-shitaa' a - aqs baarid wa mum ir fii Philadelphia. In winter the weather is cold and rainy in Philadelphia. Wa fii a - ayf a - aqs aarr wa mushmis. And in the summer the weather is hot and sunny. Sun letters and Moon letters

These terms are used to describe the difference in the way letters are pronounced in Arabic. There are 2 groups--the "Sun letters" and the "Moon letters." With Sun letters, the "Al-" of the definite article ("the") gets assimilated to the following letter. This means that the L is actually pronounced like the consonant which follows it, as in "ash-Shams" The Sun. With Moon letters, the L of the Al- is pronounced as normal, like an L, as in "al-Qamar" The Moon. This is why we say ARRabiic (Spring) but AL-Khariif (Fall.) To pronounce the definite article AL- correctly, you need to know if the letter following it is a Sun letter or a Moon letter. It is easiest just to remember how words are pronounced, rather than memorizing a list of letters, but for reference the Sun letters are: t, th, d, th, r, z, s, sh, , daad, , TH, and n. (these are the letters pronounced at the front of your mouth, with your tongue against your teeth.) All the other letters are Moon letters. ash-Shams - The Sun uruuf shamsiyyah = "Sun letters" al-Qamar - The Moon

LESSONS 56 & 58 PLURAL NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

If you've been paying attention, you will have noticed that we've already discussed plural verbs, but not plural nouns, until now. That's because in Arabic they can be a bit tricky sometimes. In English you usually add an -S or an -ES to the end of the word to make it plural. For example: student/students, rabbit/rabbits, dictionary/dictionaries. In Arabic, however, there are different endings for masculine and feminine plural nouns and adjectives. And Arabic makes an important distinction between nouns for people and nouns which are for things. "Human" and "Non-human." We'll start with feminine nouns, because they are generally the easiest. Most feminine nouns that end with the sound -AH (the taa marbuu ah) make their plurals by simply adding the ending -AAT. This includes any nouns for women, and also many feminine nouns for things. Feminine Human Nouns aalibah/ aalibaat = student/s (f.) ustaathah/ustaathaat = professor/s (f.) tilmiithah/tilmiithaat = pupil/s (f.) abiibah/ abiibaat = doctor/s (f.) jaddah/jaddaat = grandmother/s ukht/akhawaat = sister/s bint/banaat = girl/s Feminine Non-Human Nouns jaamicah/jaamicaat = university/ies wilaayah/wilaayaat = state/s sayyaarah/sayyaaraat = car/s aawilah/ aawilaat = table/s kalimah/kalimaat = word/s lughah/lughaat = language/s sanah/sanawaat = year/s maktabah/maktabaat = library/ies or bookstore/s But there are some exceptions: Some feminine nouns don't form the plural with a regular -AAT ending, and the plurals must be memorized, such as these words you know: jariidah/jaraa'id = newspaper/s madrasah/madaaris = school/s madiinah/mudun = city/ies ghurfah/ghuraf = room/s shaqqah/shiqaq = apartment/s

The masculine human plural ending is -UUN or -IIN. When you're writing, you need to know which form to use. (It has to do with the grammar, that is, how the word is used in the sentence.) But when speaking, most Arabs are only going to use the -IIN ending. In Egypt, for example, they don't ever use the -UUN ending in regular, daily speech. Nouns starting with MU- usually take these regular human plural endings, for example: Mudarrisah/Mudarrisaat = teacher/s (f) Mudarris/Mudarrisuun or Mudarrisiin = teacher/s (m) Muhandisah/Muhandisaat = engineer/s (f) Muhandis/Muhandisuun or Muhandisiin = engineer/s (m) Mudiirah/Mudiiraat = director/s (f) Mudiir/Mudiiruun or Mudiiriin = director/s (m) Muslimah/Muslimaat = Muslim/s (f) Muslim/Muslimuun or Muslimiin = Muslim/s (m) Also, those adjectives that end with -ii, formed from the names of countries, take these regular plural endings when they are used to describe people: Sacuudii/Sacuudiyyuun or -iin = Saudi/s (m) Sacuudiyyah/Sacuudiyyaat = Saudi/s (f)
c c

Iraqii/cIraqiyyuun or -iin = Iraqi/s (m) Iraqiyyah/cIraqiyyaat = Iraqi/s (f)

Lubnaanii/Lubnaaniyyuun or -iin = Lebanese (m) Lubnaaniyyah/Lubnaaniyyaat = Lebanese (f) Mi rii/Mi riyyuun or -iin = Egyptian/s (m) Mi riyyah/Mi riyyaat = Egyptian/s (f) Suudaanii/Suudaaniyyuun or -iin = Sudanese (m) Suudaaniyyah/Suudaaniyyaat = Sudanese (f) Amriikii/Amriikiyyuun or -iin = American/s (m) Amriikiyyah/Amriikiyyaat = American/s (f) If there's a group of people including both men and women, then you just use the masculine plural form to refer to all of them. In English there are all those weird plurals that you just have to learn. And they can be very confusing for people who are learning English for the first time. If English is not your native language, or you have friends from different countries who are learning English, then you know what I mean. The plural of "Mouse" is "Mice" not "Mouses," but the plural of "House" is not "Hice" but "Houses." The plural of "Goose" is "Geese," but the plural of "Moose" is not "Meese," it's "Moose"--the same as the singular. Why? Because English is a wonderful language. And Arabic is also a wonderful language....

Many nouns in Arab have plurals that don't fit the -AAT/-UUN patterns. When you're learning your vocabulary words, you have to memorize the plural form of the nouns and adjectives along with the singular. Here are some words you already know, along with their plurals. You can probably tell that there are some patterns for the plurals, changes that happen with the syllables and vowels--see if you can pick them out. But you still have to memorize which one goes with which noun. Masculine Human Nouns aalib/ ullaab = student/s (m) tilmiith/talaamithah = pupil/s (m) ustaath/asaatithah = professor/s (m) walad/awlaad = boy/s jadd/ajdaad = grandfather/s ibn/abnaa' = son/s akh/ikhwah = brother/s Masculine Non-Human Nouns bayt/buyuut = house/s dars/duruus = lesson/s fa l/fu uul = season/s shahr/shuhuur = month/s baab/abwaab = door/s ism/asmaa' = name/s qalam/aqlaam = pen/s yawm/ayyaam = day/s asad/usud = lion/s kitaab/kutub = book/s shaaric/shawaaric = street/s ma cam/ma aacim = restaurant/s arnab/araanib = rabbit/s daftar/dafaatir = notebook/s kursii/karaasii = chair/s maktab/makaatib = office/s or desk/s miftaa /mafaatii = key/s qaamuus/qawaamiis = dictionary/ies usbuuc/asaabiic = week/s Here are a few practice sentences using plural subjects with the plural verb forms you already know: Al-Muhandisuun yacmaluun fii Philadelphia. The engineers work in Philly. A - ullaab yadrusuun fii Jaamicat Pennsylvania. The students study at the University of Pennsylvania Al-Asaatitha yudarrisuun al-lughah al-cArabiyyah. The professors teach the Arabic language.

Plural Nouns and Adjectives Remember how adjectives work with nouns. They follow the noun, and they also have to be the same gender as the noun they describe. Also if the noun is definite, then the adjective must be definite too. Now you will learn that adjectives have to agree with the nouns they describe in a third way: in number. As mentioned above, Arabic makes an important distinction between nouns for people and nouns which are for things. "Human" and "Non-human." Human plurals take plural adjectives. For the feminine ones, again, you just add the suffix "-AAT." For the masculine ones you usually just add "-UUN" or "-IIN," but some irregular ones just have to be memorized. Now here's the tricky part: non-human plurals, in Arabic, are considered to be feminine singular, so you use the feminine singular adjective with them. Let's practice. Look at these examples changing the singular nouns and adjectives to plural ones: mudiir muhimm = an important m. director mudiiruun muhimmuun = important directors mudiirah muhimmah = an important f. director mudiiraat muhimmaat = important f. directors jariidah muhimmah = an important newspaper jaraa'id muhimmah = important newspapers aalib jadiid = a new m. student aalibah jadiidah = a new f. student ullaab judud = new students aalibaat jadiidaat = new f. students a - aalib al-jadiid = the new student a - ullaab al-judud = the new students mudarris Mi rii = a m. Egyptian teacher mudarrisuun Mi riyyuun = Egyptian teachers al-mudarris al-Mi rii = the Egyptian teacher al-mudarrisuun al-Mi riyyuun = the Egyptian teachers bint jamiilah = a beautiful girl banaat jamiilaat = beautiful girls al-bint al-jamiilah = the beautiful girl al-banaat al-jamiilaat = the beautiful girls kitaab sahl = an easy book kutub sahlah = easy books al-kitaab as-sahl = the easy book al-kutub as-sahlah = the easy books baab aghiir = a small door abwaab aghiirah = small doors al-baab a - aghiir = the small door al-abwaab a - aghiirah = the small doors

sayyaarah jadiidah = a new car sayyaaraat jadiidah = new cars as-sayyaarah al-jadiidah = the new car as-sayyaaraat al-jadiidah = the new cars madiinah kabiirah = a big city mudun kabiirah = big cities al-madiinah al-kabiirah = the big city al-mudun al-kabiirah = the big cities Qaabaltu ullaab kathiiriin. = I met many students. Qaabaltu aalibaat kathiiraat. = I met many f. students. Qara'tu kutub kathiirah. = I read many books. The demonstrative pronouns "haathaa" and "haathihi" (this m/f) must also agree in gender, so if you are talking about non-human plurals, you will use the feminine form haathihi, as in these examples: Maa fahimna haathaa ad-dars. = We did not understand this lesson. Maa fahimna haathihi ad-duruus. = We did not understand these lessons. Qara'tu haathaa al-kitaab al-jadiid. = I read this new book. Qara'tu haathihi al-kutub al-jadiidah. = I read these new books. Hal qara'ta haathihi al-jariidah? = Did you read this newspaper? Hal qara'ta haathihi al-jaraa'id? = Did you read these newspapers?

LESSON 59 COLORS

Lawn (pronounced "loan")--color (plural Alwaan) Colors in Arabic can get a bit tricky, so that's why we left them until the end of the year. There are two types of adjectives for colors in Arabic. The first type is the easiest....these are the colors related to things, and they are formed just like the adjectives related to countries. Remember you form those adjectives by taking the name of the country and adding -ii for the masculine adjective and -iyyah for feminine adjectives, like this: Amriikaa--America Amriikii--American (m) Amriikiyyah--American (f) Lubnaan--Lebanon Lubnaanii--Lebanese (m) Lubnaaniyyah--Lebanese (f) Some of the common adjectives for colors that are formed from nouns for things include the following: Bunnii/iyyah - Brown (from "bunn" meaning coffee beans) Wardii/iyyah or Zahrii/iyyah - Pink (from "wardah" or "zahrah" meaning rose or flower) [Egyptians use the Turkish word "bembe" for pink] Banafsijii/iyyah - Purple or violet (from "banafsij" meaning the Violet flower) Burtuqaalii/iyyah - Orange (from "burtuqaal" meaning the orange fruit) Rumaadii/iyyah - Gray (from "rumaad" meaning ashes) Thahabii/iyyah - Gold (from "thahab" meaning gold) Fiddii/iyyah - Silver (from "fiddah" meaning silver) Ku lii/iyyah - Navy blue (from "ku l" meaning Kohl, the dark-blue powder used as eyeliner in the Middle East) Khaakii/iyyah - Khaki (from the Persian word "khaak" meaning dust. This is where English gets the word "khaki") The second type of adjectives for colors in Arabic takes special forms, different from regular adjectives. Remember, in Arabic the feminine form is usually made by simply adding the suffix "-ah" to the masculine form. Adjectives of color (and many physical defects) often take different forms: Azraq/Zarqaa' - blue m/f A mar/ amraa' - red m/f Akhdar/Khadraa' - green m/f A far/ afraa' - yellow m/f

Aswad/Sawdaa' - black m/f Abyad/Baydaa' - white m/f Here are a few example sentences:
c

Indii sayyaarah sawdaa' jadiidah. - I have a new black car.

Shaahadtu film abyad wa aswad. - I saw a black and white film. Ayna qamii ii al-azraq? - Where is my blue shirt? Al-kitaab al-a mar calaa al-qaamuus al-akhdar. - The red book is on the green dictionary. At-tuffa ah amraa'. The apple is red. Al-mawzah afraa'. The banana is yellow. Lawn al-ba r azraq. The color of the sea is blue. The rainbow: In Arabic a rainbow is called "Qaws Quza a" meaning "the bow of the rain god Quza . Quza was the ancient Arabian god of rain, in the time before Islam. Remember when we learned about how the Kacbah in Makkah used to be full of idols of the old Arabian gods, before the Prophet Mu ammad came and destroyed all the idols? Well one of those idols they used to worship was Quza . He was an important god to the ancient Arabians because there was not much rain in the desert. Even though no-one worships him anymore, Arabs still call a rainbow "the bow of Quza ." What are the colors of the rainbow? red - a mar orange - burtuqaalii yellow - a far green - akhdar blue - azraq indigo (really dark blue) - niilii (or ku lii) violet - banafsijii