Atoms and Molecules Homework Problems 1. Classify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture: a. Ice cream b.

Bread c. Snow d. A penny e. Ink f. Seven Up 2. Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical change: a. b. c. d. e. Antifreeze boils out of a radiator. A dish of cherries jubilee is flamed with brandy. A firefly emits light. Food spoils. Alcohol evaporates.

3. Define the term molecule. 4. What are the seven elements that naturally occur as diatomic molecules? 5. Define ion. 6. In the early 1900s, Ernest Rutherford performed an experiment with gold foil targets and alpha particles to probe the structure of the atoms. He observed that most of these alpha particles penetrated the foil undeflected. Realizing that atoms are electrically neutral (that is, they have equal numbers of protons and electrons) and that the mass of a proton is significantly greater than the mass of an electron, use Rutherford's data to propose a structural model of an atom. 7. A molecule of antifreeze, ethylene glycol, has the formula C2H4(OH)2. How many atoms are there in one molecule of antifreeze? How many atoms are in one molecule of the following substances? CaCl2 ______________ C6H12O6 __________ 8. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in each of the following? a. 3H #p__________ #n___________ #e___________ b. 40Ca c. 18F #p__________ #n___20______ #e___________ #p__________ #n___________ #e___________

9. Give the formula for the following: a. Potassium oxide b. Calcium chloride c. Carbon disulfide d. Lithium hydroxide 10. Give formulas for the following compounds a. Magnesium sulfate b. Calcium phosphate c. Iron(II) phosphate d. Copper(II) bromide e. Ammonium nitrate 11. Name the following binary compounds: a. FeS b. NaH c. CuCl d. AgCl e. Fe2O3 12. Name the following ternary compounds: a. CuCO3 b. FeSO4 c. Na3PO4 d. Al(NO3)3 13. The table below describes four atoms. Atom A Atom B Number of protons 79 80 Number of Neutrons Number of

Atom C 80

Atom D 79

118

120

118

120

electrons

79

80

80

79

Which atoms represent the same element? What are the names of the element(s)? 14. Consider a neutral atom of the element phosphorus.
31 15 P

a. How many electrons does the atom contain? b. How many protons does the atom contain? c. How many neutrons does the atom contain? 15. Two isotopes of an element differ only in their a. symbol. b. atomic number. c. atomic mass. d. number of protons. e. number of electrons. f. number of neutrons.