Wildlife Conservation

INTRODUCTION Wildlife is a collective term that includes animals, bear, butterflies, crustaceans, fish, moths, aquatic and land vegetation which forms a part of a habitat. Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative. Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems, deserts, rainforests, plains, and other areasincluding the most developed urban sites all have distinct forms of wildlife. While the term in popular culture usually refers to animals that are untouched by human factors, most scientists agree that carbide around the world is impacted by human activities. Wildlife is a national resource that maintains ecological balance and is bifacial for economic, recreational and aesthetic proposes. With the expansion of agriculture and industrial acuities, the number of ruled animals has declined. Some of the species have become extinct and others are on the verge of being so. Mass-scale killing of wild animals for their meat, bones, fur and skiers, depleted their numbers. Therefore, the need for wildlife conservation has now become a necessity. Pollution, climate charge, deforestation, industrialization and population explosion have destroyed the natural habitat of wildlife; hunting, habitat reduction and land degradation have threatened the biodiversity in the industrialized world. DESTRUCTION OF WILDLIFE Exploitation of wild population has been a characteristic of modern man since our exodus from Africa 130,000-70,000 year ago. The rate of extinctions of entire species of plants and animals across the planet has been so high in the last few hundred years it is rudely considered that use are in the sixth great extinction event on this plant. The Holocene mass extinction and destruction of wildlife does not alary lead to on extinction of the species in question; however, the dramatic loss of entire species across earth dominates any review of wildlife destruction as extinction is the level of damage to a wild population from which there is no return.

The four most general reasons that lead to destruction of wildlifeinclude over kill, habitat, Impact of introduced species and chairs of extinction. OVERKILL Overkill occurs whenever hunting occurs at rate greater than the reproductive capacity of the population being exploited the effects of this are often noticed much more dramatically in slow grouping populations such as many larger species of fish. Initially when a portion of a ruled population is hunted, an increased availability of resources (food, etc.) is experienced increasing growth and reproduction as density dependent inhibition is lowered. However, if this hunting continues at rate greater than the rate at which new members of the population can reach breeding age and produce more young, the population will begin to decrease in number. HABITAT DESTRUCTION AND FRAGMENTATION The habitat of any given species is considered its preferred area or territory many processes associated human habitation of an area cause loss of this area and the decrease the carrying capacity of the land for that species. In many cases these changes in land use cause a patchy break-up of the wild type of extremely fragmented habitat, forms sprawl across the landscape with patches of undeclared woodland or forest dotted in-between occasional paddocks. Examples of habitat destruction include garaging of bush land by farmed animals, changes to natural fire regimes, forest clearing for timber production and wetland draining for city expansion. IMPACT OF INTRODUCED SPECIES Rats, cats, rabbis, dandelions and poison cry are all examples of species that have become invasive threats to wildlife species in various parts of the world. Frequently species that are uncommon in their home range become out of control invasions in distant but similar climates. The reasons for this have not always been clear and Charles daring felt it was unlikely that exotic species would ever be able to grow abundantly in a place they had not endowed in the reality is that the vast majority of species exposed to a new habit do not reproduce successfully. However occasionally some populations do take hold and after

a period of acclimation can increase in number significantly haring destructive effects on many elements of the native environment they have become part of. CHAINS OF EXTICTION This final group is one of secondary effects. All wild populations of lairing things have many complex interring links wrath other living things around them. Large herbivorous animals such as the hippopotamus have populations of insectivorous birds that feed of the many parasitic insects that grow on the hippo.