Chapter 10 Solutions To Exercises

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition
Chapter Ten Solutions
10 March 2006
1. (a) 2103 = 290.9t rad/s 21.6 f (t ) = 8.5sin (290.9t + ) 0 = 8.5sin (290.9 2.1 103 + ) T = 4 (7.5 2.1)103 = 21.6 103 , = = 0.6109rad + 2 = 5.672rad or 325.0 f (t ) = 8.5sin (290.9t + 325.0) (b)
8.5sin (290.9t + 325.0) = 8.5 cos(290.9t + 235) = 8.5 cos (290.9t 125) 8.5cos (125) cos t + 8.5sin125 sin t = 4.875+ cos 290.9t + 6.963sin 290.9t
(c)
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10 March 2006
2. (a)
10 cos t + 4sin t + ACos ( wt + ), A > 0, 180 < 180 A = 116 = 10.770, A cos = 10, A sin = 4 tan = 0.4, 3d quad = 21.80 = 201.8, too large = 201.8 360 = 158.20
(b)
200 cos (5t + 130) = Fcos 5t + G sin 5t F = 200cos130 = 128.6 G = 200sin130 = 153.2
(c)
i(t ) = 5cos10t 3sin10t = 0, 0 t 1 s sin10t 5 = , 10t = 1.0304, cos10t 3 t = 0.10304 s; also, 10t = 1.0304 + , t = 0.4172 s; 10t = 1.0304 + 2, t = 0.7314 s
0 < t < 10ms, 10 cos100t 12sin100t ; let 10cos100t =12sin100t 10 tan100t = , 100t = 0.6947 t = 2.211 ms 0 < t < 2.211 ms 12
(d)
10 March 2006
3. (a) B Note that A cos x + B sin x = A2 + B 2 cos x + tan 1 . For f(t), the angle is in the A second quadrant; most calculators will return 30.96o, which is off by 180o.
f (t ) = 50 cos t 30sin t = 58.31cos (t + 149.04) g (t ) = 55cos t 15sin t = 57.01cos (t + 15.255) ampl. of f (t ) = 58.31, ampl. of g (t ) = 57.01
(b)
f (t ) leads g (t ) by 149.04 15.255 = 133.8
10 March 2006
4.
i (t ) = A cos (t ), and L(di / dt ) + Ri = Vm cos t L[A sin (t )] + RA cos (t ) = Vm cos t LA sin t cos + LA cos t sin + RA cos t cos + RA sin t sin = Vm cos t LA cos = RA sin and LA sin + RA cos = Vm Thus, tan = and LA L R L
*
+ RA R R 2 + 2 L2 = Vm
R 2 + 2 L2
R2 2 L2 so that + A = Vm 2 2 2 R 2 + 2 L2 R + L Thus,
R 2 + 2 L2 A = ( Vm ) and therefore we may write A =
Vm R 2 + 2 L2
10 March 2006
5.
f = 13.56 MHz so = 2f = 85.20 Mrad/s. Delivering 300 W (peak) to a 5- load implies that
2 Vm = 300 so Vm = 38.73 V. 5
Finally, (85.2106)(21.15103) + = n, n = 1, 3, 5, Since (85.2106)(21.15103) = 1801980, which is 573588, we find that = 573589 - (85.2106)(21.15103) = 573589 - 573588 =
10 March 2006
6.
(a)
-33 sin(8t 9o) -33(-9-90)o = 3381o 12 cos (8t 1o) 12-1o 3381o -33 sin(8t 9o) leads 12 cos (8t 1o) by 81 (-1) = 82o.
12-1o
(b)
15 cos (1000t + 66o) -2 cos (1000t + 450o) 1566o
15 66o -2 450o = -2 90o = 2 270o 15 cos (1000t + 66o) leads -2 cos (1000t + 450o) by 66 -90 = 156o.
2270o
(c)
sin (t 13o) cos (t 90o)
1-103o 1 -90o cos (t 90o) leads sin (t 13o) by 66 -90 = 156o.
1-103o
1 -90o
(d)
sin t cos (t 90o)
1 -90o 1 -90o
These two waveforms are in phase. Neither leads the other.
10 March 2006
7.
(a)
6 cos (260t 9o) -6 cos (260t + 9o)
6-9o 6189o -6 cos (260t + 9o) lags 6 cos (260t 9o) by 360 9 189 = 162o.
6189o
6-9o
(b)
cos (t - 100o) -cos (t - 100o)
180o
1 -100o -1 -100o = 1 80o -cos (t - 100o) lags cos (t - 100o) by 180o.
1-100o (c) -sin t sin t -1-90o = 190o 1 -90o -sin t lags sin t by 180o. 190o
1 -90o 7000 cos (t ) 9 cos (t 3.14o) 7000 - = 7000 -180o 9 -3.14o 7000 cos (t ) lags 9 cos (t 3.14o) by 180 3.14 = 176.9o. 9 -3.14o
(d)
7000 -180o
10 March 2006
8.
v(t) = V1 cos t - V2 sin t
[1]
We assume this can be written as a single cosine such that v(t) = Vm cos (t + ) = Vm cos t cos - Vm sin t sin [2] Equating terms on the right hand sides of Eqs. [1] and [2], V1 cos t V2 sin t = (Vm cos ) cos t (Vm sin ) sin t yields V1 = Vm cos and V2 = Vm sin
V2 V sin = m = tan and = tan-1(V2/ V1) V1 Vm cos
Dividing, we find that
V2 V1
V12 + V22
Next, we see from the above sketch that we may write Vm = V1/ cos or
Vm = V1 V1 V +V
2 1 2 2
V12 + V22 V12 + V22 cos [ t + tan-1(V2/ V1)].
Thus, we can write v(t) = Vm cos (t + ) =
10 March 2006
9.
(a) In the range 0 t 0.5, v(t) = t/0.5 V. Thus, v(0.4) = 0.4/0.5 = 0.8 V. (b) Remembering to set the calculator to radians, 0.7709 V. (c) 0.8141 V. (d) 0.8046 V.
10 March 2006
10.
(a)
Vrms
V2 = m T V2 = m T V2 = m 2T V2 = m 2T
cos 2 t dt
2
2t cos dt T
4t 1 + cos dt T V2 dt + m 2T
4t cos dt T
1 2
V2 V2 4 = m T + m cos u 0 8 2T V = m 2
(b)
Vm = 110 2 = 155.6 V , 115 2 = 162.6 V , 120 2 = 169.7 V
10 March 2006
11.
We begin by defining a clockwise current i. Then, KVL yields 2103cos5t + 10i + vC = 0. Since i = iC = C
dvC , we may rewrite our KVL equation as dt dv 30 C + vC = 2 103 cos 5t dt
[1]
dvC = 5 A sin(5t + ) , dt we now may write Eq. [1] as 150Asin(5t + ) + Acos(5t + ) = 2103 cos5t. Using a common trigonometric identity, we may combine the two terms on the left hand side into a single cosine function:
We anticipate a response of the form vC(t) = Acos(5t + ). Since
(150 A)
150 A 3 + A2 cos 5t + + tan 1 = 2 10 cos 5t A
Equating terms, we find that A = 13.33 V and = tan1 150 = 89.62o. Thus, vC(t) = 13.33 cos (5t 89.62o) V.
10 March 2006
12.
KVL yields 6cos400t + 100i + vL = 0. di di Since vL = L = 2 , we may rewrite our KVL equation as dt dt di 2 + 100i = 6 cos 400t dt We anticipate a response of the form i(t) = Acos(400t + ). Since di = 400 A sin(400t + ) , dt we now may write Eq. [1] as 800Asin(400t + ) + 100Acos(400t + ) = 6 cos400t. Using a common trigonometric identity, we may combine the two terms on the left hand side into a single cosine function:
[1]
(800 A) + (100 A)
2
800 A cos 400t + + tan 1 = 6 cos 400t 100 A
Equating terms, we find that A = 7.442 mA and = tan1 8 = 82.88o. Thus, i(t) = 7.442 cos (400t 82.88o) mV, so vL = L
di di = 2 = 5.954cos (400t + 7.12o) dt dt
10 March 2006
13.
20cos500t V 200o V. 20 mH j10 . Performing a quick source transformation, we replace the voltage source/20- resistor series combination with a 10o A current source in parallel with a 20- resistor. 20 || 60k = 19.99 . By current division, then,
IL =
19.99 = 0.7427-21.81o A. Thus, iL(t) = 742.7 cos (500t 21.81o) mA. 19.99 + 5 + j 10
10 March 2006
14. At x x : R th = 80 20 = 16
80 cos 500t 85 voc = 4.8cos 500t V voc = 0.4 (15 85)
(a)
iL =
10 cos 500t tan 1 15 162 + 102 = 0.2544 cos (500t 32.01) A 4.8
(b)
vL = LiL = 0.02 0.02544 (500) sin (500t 32.01) = 2.544sin (500t 32.01) V vL = 2.544 cos (500t + 57.99) V, ix = 31.80 cos (500t + 57.99) mA
10 March 2006
15. (a)
i=
800 5 cos 105 t = 0.10600 cos (10 t 57.99) A 2 2 500 500 + 800 57.99 pR = 0 when i = 0 105 t = , t = 25.83s 180 2 100
(b)
vL = Li = 8 103 0.10600 (105 ) sin (105 t 57.99) vL = 84.80sin (105 t 57.99) pL = vL i = 8.989sin (105 t 57.99) cos (105 t 57.99) = 4.494 sin (2 165 t 115.989) pL = 0 when 2 105 t 115.989 = 0, 180, t = 10.121 or 25.83s
(c)
ps = vs iL = 10.600 cos105 t cos (105 t 57.99) ps = 0 when 105 t = , t = 15.708s and also t = 25.83s 2
10 March 2006
16.
vs = 3cos105 t V, is = 0.1cos105 t A vs in series with 30 0.1cos105 t A 30 Add, getting 0.2 cos105 t A 30 change to 6 cos 105 t V in series with 30; 30 + 20 = 50 iL = 10 cos 105 t tan 1 = 0.11767 cos (105 t 11.310) A 50 502 + 102 At t = 10s, 105 t = 1 iL = 0.1167 cos (1rad 11.310) = 81.76mA 6
vL = 0.11767 10 cos (1rad 11.30 + 90) = 0.8462V
10 March 2006
17.
cos500t V 10o V. 0.3 mH j0.15 . Performing a quick source transformation, we replace the voltage source-resistor series combination with at 0.010o A current source in parallel with a 100- resistor. Current division then leads to 100 = IL ( 0.01 + 0.2I L ) 100 + j 0.15 1 + 20IL = (100 + j0.15) IL Solving, we find that IL = 0.0125-0.1074o A, so that iL(t) = 12.5cos(500t 0.1074o) mA.
10 March 2006
18.
vs1 = Vs 2 = 120 cos120 t V 120 120 = 2A, = 1A, 2 + 1 = 3A, 60 120 = 40 60 12 3 40 = 120 V, L = 12 = 37.70 iL = 37.70 cos 120 t tan 1 40 402 + 37.702 = 2.183cos (120 t 43.30) A 120
(a)
1 L = 0.1 2.1832 cos 2 (120 t 43.30) 2 = 0.2383cos 2 (120 t 43.30) J

L , av =
1 0.2383 = 0.11916 J 2
(b)
10 March 2006
19. vs1 = 120 cos 400t V, vs 2 = 180 cos 200t V Performing two quick source transformations, 120 180 = 2 A, = 1.5 A, and noting that 60 120 = 40 , 60 120 results in two current sources (with different frequencies) in parallel, and also in parallel with a 40 resistor and the 100 mH inductor. Next we employ superposition. Open-circuiting the 200 rad/s source first, we perform a source transformation to obtain a voltage source having magnitude 2 40 = 80 V. Applying Eqn. 10.4, 80 400(0.1) = cos (400t tan 1 ) iL 40 402 + 4002 (0.1) 2 Next , we open-circuit the 400 rad/s current source, and perform a source transformation to obtain a voltage source with magnitude 1.5 40 = 60 V. Its contribution to the inductor current is 60 200(0.1) = cos (200t tan 1 )A iL 40 402 + 2002 (0.1) 2 so that iL = 1.414 cos (400t 45) + 1.342 cos (200t 26.57) A
10 March 2006
20.
R i = , R o = 0, A = , ideal, R 1C1 = iupper = v Vm cos t , ilower = out R R1
L R
ic1 = iupper + ilower =
i (vout Vm cos t ) = C1vout R1
L vout R d v For RL circuit, Vm cos t = vr + L R dt R L Vm cos t = vR + v R R By comparison, vR = vout = vout + Vm cos t = vout + R1C1vout
10 March 2006
21. (a)
1 idt (ignore I.C) C 1 Vm sin t = Ri + i C Vm cos t = Ri +
(b)
Assume i = A cos ( t + ) Vm sin t = R A sin ( t + ) + A cos ( t + ) C A A cos t cos sin t sin C C
Vm sin t = R A cos sin t-R A sin cos t +
Equating terms on the left and right side, A 1 [1] R A sin = cos tan = so = tan 1 (1 CR ) , and CR C [2] Vm = R A Vm = i =
2
CR
1+ C R
2 2 2
A 1 C 1 + 2C2 R 2
A R 2C2 + 1 C 1 + 2 C2 R 2
A CVm 1 + 2 C2 R 2 A = = 1 + 2C2 R 2 C
1 cos t + tan 1 CR 1 + 2 C2 R 2
CVm
10 March 2006
22.
(a) 7 -90o = -j 7 (b) 3 + j + 7 -17o = 3 + j + 6.694 j 2.047 = 9.694 j 1.047 (c) 14ej15 = 14 15o = 14 cos 15o + j 14 sin 15o = 13.52 + j 3. 623 (d) 1 0o = 1 (e) 2 (1 + j 9) = -2 j 18 = 18.11 - 96.34o (f) 3 = 3 0o
o
10 March 2006
23.
(a) 3 + 15 -23o = 3 + 13.81 j 5.861 = 16.81 j 5.861 (b) (j 12)(17 180o) = (12 90o)(17 180o) = 204 270o = j 204 (c) 5 16(9 j 5)/ (33 -9o) = 5 (164 -29.05o)/ (33 -9o) = 5 4.992 -20.05o = 5 4.689 j 1.712 = 0.3109 + j 1.712
10 March 2006
24.
(a) 5 9o 9 -17o = 4.938 + j 0.7822 8.607 + j 2.631 = -3.668 + j 3.414 = 5.011 137.1o (b) (8 j 15)(4 + j 16) j = 272 + j 68 j = 272 + j 67 = 280.1 13.84o (c) (14 j 9)/ (2 j 8) + 5 -30o = (16.64 -32.74o)/ (8.246 - 75.96o) + 4.330 j 2.5 = 1.471 + j 1.382 + 4.330 j 2.5 = 5.801 j 1.118 = 5.908 -10.91o (d) 17 -33o + 6 -21o + j 3 = 14.26 j 9.259 + 5.601 j 2.150 + j 3 = 19.86 j 8.409 = 21.57 -22.95o
10 March 2006
25.
(a) ej14 + 9 3o (8 j 6)/ j2 = 1 14o + 9 3o (8 j 6)/ (-1) = 0.9703 + j 0.2419 + 8.988 + j 0.4710 + 8 j 6 = 17.96 j 5.287 = 18.72 -16.40o (b) (5 30o)/ (2 -15o) + 2 e j5 / (2 j 2) = 2.5 45o + (2 5o)/ (2.828 -45o) = 1.768 + j 1.768 + 0.7072 50o = 1.768 + j 1.768 + 0.4546 + j 0.5418 = 2.224 + j 2.310 = 3.207 46.09o
o
10 March 2006
26. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

5 110 = 1.7101 j 4.698
6e j160 = 5.638 + j 2.052

(3 + j 6) (250) = 5.336 + j12.310 100 j 40 = 107.70 158.20
250 + 3 120 = 1.0873 101.37
10 March 2006
27. (a) (b) (c) (d)
40 50 1825 = 39.39 76.20

3+ 2 2 j5 + = 4.050 69.78 j 1+ j2
(2.125)3 = 9.26175 = 2.397 + j8.945+ 0.7e j 0.3 = 0.70.3rad = 0.6687 + j 0.2069
10 March 2006
28. ic = 20e(40t +30) A vc = 100 20e j (40t +30) dt vc = j 50e j (40t +30) , iR = j10e j (40t + 30) A iL = (20 j10) e j (40t +30) , vL = j 40 0.08(20 j10) e j (40t + 30) vL = (32 + j 64) e j (40t +30) V vs = (32 + j 64 j 50) e j (40t + 30) vs = 34.93e j (40t 53.63 ) V
10 March 2006
29. iL = 20e j (10t + 25) A

vL = 0.2 d [20e j (10t + 25) ] = j 40e(10t = 25 ) dt
vR = 80e j (10t + 25) vs = (80 + j 40) e j (10t + 25) , ic = 0.08(80 + j 40) j10e j (10t + 25) ic = (32 + j 64) e j (10t + 25) is = (12 + j 64) e j (10t + 25) is = 65.12e j (10t +125.62) A
10 March 2006
30. (a) (b)
80 cos(500t 20) V 5 cos (500t + 12) A
vs = 40 cos (500t + 10) iout = 2.5cos (500t + 42) A vs = 40sin (500t + 10) = 40 cos (500t 80) iout = 2.5cos (500t 48) A
(c)
vs = 40e j (500t +10) = 40 cos (500t + 10) + j 40sin (500t + 10) iout = 2.5e j (500t + 42) A
(d)
vs = (50 + j 20) e j 500t = 53.85+ e j 21.80+ j 500t iout = 3.366e j (500t +53.80 ) A
10 March 2006
31. (a) (b)

12 sin (400t + 110) A 1220A
7 sin 800t 3cos 800t j 7 3 = 3 + j 7 = 7.616113.20 A

4 cos (200t 30) 5cos (200t + 20) 4 30 520 = 3.910 108.40 A
(c)
(d)
= 600, t = 5ms : 7030 V 70 cos (600 5 103rad + 30) = 64.95 V
(e)
= 600, t = 5ms : 60 + j 40 V = 72.11146.3 72.11cos (3rad + 146.31) = 53.75 V
10 March 2006
32. (a)
= 4000, t = 1ms
I x = 5 80 A ix = 5cos (4rad 80) = 4.294 A
(b)
I x = 4 + j1.5 = 4.272159.44 A ix = 4.272 cos (4rad + 159.44) = 3.750 A
(c)
vx (t ) = 50sin (250t 40) = 50 cos (250t 130) Vx = 50 130 V
(d)
vx = 20 cos108t 30sin108t 20 + j 30 = 36.0656.31 V
(e)
vx = 33cos (80t 50) + 41cos (80t 75) 33 50 + 41 75 = 72.27 63.87 V
10 March 2006
33. V1 = 1090 mV, = 500; V2 = 890 mV,

= 1200, M by 5, t = 0.5ms vout = (5) [10 cos (500 0.5 103rad + 90) + 8cos (1.2 0.5 + 90)] = 50sin 0.25rad + 40sin 0.6rad = 34.96mV
10 March 2006
34.
Begin with the inductor: (2.5 40o) (j500) (2010-3) = 25130o V across the inductor and the 25- resistor. The current through the 25- resistor is then (25130o) / 25 = 1130o A. The current through the unknown element is therefore 2.540o + 1130o = 2.69361.80o A; this is the same current through the 10- resistor as well. Armed with this information, KVL provides that
Vs = 10(26.9361.8o) + (25 -30o) + (25130o) = 35.47 58.93o
and so vs(t) = 35.47 cos (500t + 58.93o) V.
10 March 2006
35. (a)
= 5000 rad/s.
The inductor voltage = 48 30o = jL IL = j(5000)(1.210-3) IL So IL = 8-60o and the total current flowing through the capacitor is 10 0o - IL = 9.16549.11o A and the voltage V1 across the capacitor is
V1 = (1/jC)(9.16549.11o) = -j2 (9.16549.11o) = 18.33-40.89o V.
Thus, v1(t) = 18.33 cos (5000t 40.89o) V. (b)

V2 = V1 + 5(9.16549.11o) + 60120o = 75.8879.48o V v2 (t ) = 75.88cos (5000t + 79.48) V V3 = V2 4830o = 75.88 79.48o 4830o = 57.70118.7o V v3 (t ) = 57.70 cos (5000t + 118.70) V
(c)
10 March 2006
36.
VR = 10o V, Vseries = (1 + j j/)(10o)
VR = 1 and Vseries = 1 + ( - 1/ )
We desire the frequency w at which Vseries = 2VR or Vseries = 2 2 Thus, we need to solve the equation 1 + ( - 1/ ) = 4 or 2 - 3 - 1 = 0 Solving, we find that = 2.189 rad/s.
10 March 2006
37.
With an operating frequency of = 400 rad/s, the impedance of the 10-mH inductor is jL = j4 , and the impedance of the 1-mF capacitor is j/C = -j2.5 . Vc = 240 ( j 2.5) = 5 50 A
I L = 3 240 = 1.9513 41.211 A VL = 4 1.951390 4.211 = 7.805+ 48.79 V Vx = VL Vc = 7.805+ 48.79 5 50 Vx = 9.89278.76 V, vx = 9.892 cos (400t + 78.76) V
10 March 2006
38.
If I si = 220 A, I s 2 = 3 30 A Vout = 8010 V I s1 = I s 2 = 440 A Vout = 90 j 30 V Now let I s1 = 2.5 60 A and I s 2 = 2.560 A Let Vout = AI s1 + BI s 2 8010 = A(220) + B(3 30) and 90 j 30 = (A + B) (440) A + B = 90 j 30 = 12.415+ j 20.21 440
8010 3 30 =A+B A = 40 10 B(1.5 50) 220 220 12.415+ j 20.21 B = 40 10 B(1.5 50) 12.415+ j 20.21 40 10 = B (1 1.5 50) = B (1.1496 + 88.21) 30.06 153.82 = 26.148117.97 1.1496 + 88.21 A = 12.415+ j 20.21 10.800 + j 23.81 B = = 49.842 60.32 Vout = (49.842 60.32) (2.5 60) + (26.15117.97) (2.560) = 165.90 140.63V
10 March 2006
39.
We begin by noting that the series connection of capacitors can be replaced by a single 1 equivalent capacitance of value C = = 545.5 F . Noting = 2f, 1+ 1 + 1 2 3 (a) = 2 rad/s, therefore ZC = j/C =
j106 = j 291.8 . 2 ( 545.5 ) j106 = j 2.918 . 200 ( 545.5 )
(b) = 200 rad/s, therefore ZC = j/C =
j106 (c) = 2000 rad/s, therefore ZC = j/C = = j 291.8 m . 2000 ( 545.5 )
(d) = 2109 rad/s, therefore ZC = j/C =
j106 = j 291.8 n . 2 109 ( 545.5 )
10 March 2006
40.
We begin by noting that the parallel connection of inductors can be replaced by a single 1 5 equivalent inductance of value L = = nH . In terms of impedance, then, we have 1+ 5 6 5 5 j 109 6 Z= 5 9 5 + j 10 6
Noting = 2f,
(a) = 2 rad/s, therefore Z = j5.236109 (the real part is essentially zero). (b) = 2103 rad/s, therefore Z = 5.4831012 + j5.236106 . (c) = 2106 rad/s, therefore Z = 5.483106 + j5.236106 . (d) = 2109 rad/s, therefore Z = 2.615 + j2.497 . (e) = 21012 rad/s, therefore Z = 5 + j4.775103 .
10 March 2006
41. (a)
= 800 : 2F j 625, 0.6H j 480 Zin = 300( j 625) 600( j 480) + 300 j 625 600 + j 480 = 478.0 + j175.65 300( j 312.5) 300 j 312.5
(b)
= 1600 : Zin = +
600( j 960) = 587.6 + j119.79 600 + j 960
10 March 2006
42. At = 100 rad/s, 2 mF - j 5 ; 0.1 H j10 . 50 j 50 10 j10 2 j1 (10 + j10) ( j 5) = = 10 + j 5 2 + j1 2 j1 = 2 j 6 Zin = 20 + 2 j 6 = 22 j 6

SCa, b : 20 10 = 6.667, (6.667 j 5) j10 50 + j 66.67 150 + j 200 30 + j 40 4 j 3 = = 6.667 + j 5 20 + j15 4 + j3 4 j3 = Z in Z in (1.2 + j1.6) (4 j 3) = 9.6 + j 2.8 =
(a)
(b)
10 March 2006
43. = 800 : 2F j 625, 0.6H j 480 Zin = 300( j 625) 600( j 480) + 300 j 625 600 + j 480 = 478.0 + j175.65
I =
j 625 120 478.0 + j175.65 300 j 625 or I = 0.2124 45.82 A
Thus, i(t) = 212.4 cos (800t 45.82o) mA.
10 March 2006
44. (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 + 2mH : V = (3 20) (3 + j 4) = 1533.13 V 3 + 125F : V = (3 20) (3 j 4) = 15 73.3 V 3 2mH 125F : V = (3 20) 3 = 9 20 V
same: = 4000 V = (3 20) (3 + j8 j 2) V = (3 20) (3 + j 6) = 20.1243.43 V
10 March 2006
45. (a)
C = 20F, = 100 1 1 + + j1000 20 106 200 j1000 1 Zin = = 196.12 11.310 0.005 + j 0.001 Zin = 1 = 1 0.005 j 0.01 + j 0.002
(b)
= 100 rad/s Z in = Z in = 125 = or so or
1 0.005 j 0.001 + j100C 1

2
0.0052 + (100C 0.001)
64 10-6 = 0.0052 + (100C 0.001)
6.245 10-3 = 39 10-6 = 100C 0.001 C = 72.45 F
(c)
C = 20F Zin =
1 1 = 100 = 5 0.0005 j 0.1/ + j 2 10 0.01

2 2
0.1 0.1 5 5 0.0052 + 2 105 = 0.0001, 2 10 = 7.5 10 0.01 2 105 866.0 105 = 0 2 105 2 866.0 105 0.1 = 0 use sign: = use + sign: = 866.0 105 7.5 105 + 8 106 = 444.3 and < 0 4 105
866.0 105 7.5 105 + 8 106 = 11.254 and <0 4 105 =11.254 and 444.3rad/s
10 March 2006
46. (a) 1 1 1 1 = 25 = + 2 = 0.0016 1 1 0.04 900 x + jx 30 X = 45.23 = 0.002, = 2261rad/s (b)

1 3 0 1 Yin = 25 = of j = tan 1 x x 30 x = 64.34 = 0.02, = 3217rad/s
(c)
Zin =
30( j 0.02) 30 j 0.092 0.0122 + j18 = 30 + j 0.02 30 j 0.02 900 + 0.00042
0.0122 = 25 (900 + 0.00042 ) 0.0122 = 0.012 + 22,500, = 3354rad/s

(d)
18 = 10 (900 + 0.00042 ), 0.0042 18 + 9000 = 0, 2 4500 + 2.25 106 = 0 = 4500 20.25 106 9 106 4500 3354 = = 572.9, 3927rad/s 2 2
10 March 2006
47.
With an operating frequency of = 400 rad/s, the impedance of the 10-mH inductor is jL = j4 , and the impedance of the 1-mF capacitor is j/C = -j2.5 .
Vc = 240 ( j 2.5) = 5 50 A I L = 3 240 = 1.9513 41.211 A

IL = 240 (R 2 j 2.5) R1 + j 4
R1 + j 4 =
240 (R 2 j 2.5) 1.9513 41.21 = 1.025081.21 ( R2 j 2.5) = R 2 (1.025081.21) + 2.562 8.789 = 0.15662R 2 + j1.0130 R 2 + 2.532 j 0.3915
R1 = 2.532 + 0.15662R 2 , 4 = 1.0130R 2 0.395 R 2 = 4.335+ , R1 = 3.211
10 March 2006
48. (a)
= 1200 rad/s.
= 1200 j (200 + j80) (80 x j 200 x)[200 + j ( x 80)] = Zin = 200 + j (80 x) 40, 000 + 6400 160 x + x 2 X in = 0 40, 000 x + 80 x 2 6400 x = 0 46, 400 = 80 x, x = 580 = 1 C = 1.437 F 1200C
(b)
Zin =
80X j 200X Zin = 100 200 + j (80 X) 6400X 2 + 40, 000X 2 = 10, 000 40, 000 + 6400 160X + X 2
0.64X 2 + 4X 2 = X 2 160X + 46, 400 3.64X 2 + 160 X 46, 400 = 0, X= 160 25, 600 + 675, 600 160 837.4 = 7.28 7.28 1 C = 8.956F X = 93.05 (> 0) = 1200C
10 March 2006
49.
At = 4 rad/s, the 1/8-F capacitor has an impedance of j/C = -j2 , and the 4-H inductor has an impedance of jL = j16 . Terminals ab open circuited: Zin = 8 + j16 || (2 j2) = 10.56 j1.92 Terminals ab short-circuited: Zin = 8 + j16 || 2 = 9.969 + j0.2462
(a) (b)
10 March 2006
50.
f = 1 MHz, = 2f = 6.283 Mrad/s 2 F -j0.07958 3.2 H j20.11 1 F -j0.1592 1 H j6.283 20 H j125.7 200 pF -j795.8
= Z1 = Z2 = Z3 = Z4 = Z5 = Z6
The three impedances at the upper right, Z3, 700 k, and Z3 reduce to j0.01592 Then we form Z2 in series with Zeq: Z2 + Zeq = j20.09 . Next we see 106 || (Z2 + Zeq) = j20.09 . Finally, Zin = Z1 + Z4 + j20.09 = j26.29 .
10 March 2006
51.
As in any true design problem, there is more than one possible solution. Model answers follow: (a) Using at least 1 inductor, = 1 rad/s. Z = 1 + j4 . Construct this using a single 1 resistor in series with a 4 H inductor. (b) Force jL = j/C, so that C = 1/L. Then we construct the network using a single 5 resistor, a 2 H inductor, and a 0.5 F capacitor, all in series (any values for these last two will suffice, provided they satisfy the C = 1/L requirement). (c) Z = 780o . R = Re{Z} = 7cos80o= 1.216 , and X = Im{Z} = 7sin80o = 6.894 . We can obtain this impedance at 100 rad/s by placing a resistor of value 1.216 in series with an inductor having a value of L = 6.894/ = 68.94 mH. (d) A single resistor having value R = 5 is the simplest solution.
10 March 2006
52.
As in any true design problem, there is more than one possible solution. Model answers follow: (a) 1 + j4 k at = 230 rad/s may be constructed using a 1 k resistor in series with an inductor L and a capacitor C such that j230L j/(230C) = 4000. Selecting arbitrarily C = 1 F yields a required inductance value of L = 17.39 H. Thus, one design is a 1 k resistor in series with 17.39 H in series with 1 F. (b) To obtain a purely real impedance, the reactance of the inductor must cancel the reactance of the capacitor, In a series string, this is obtained by meeting the criterion L = 1/C, or L = 1/2C = 1/100C. Select a 5 M resistor in series with 1 F in series with 100 mH. (c) If Z = 8022o is constructed using a series combination of a single resistor R and single capacitor C, R = Re{Z} = 80cos(22o) = 74.17 . X = 1/C = Im{Z} = 80sin(22o) = 29.97 . Thus, C = 667.3 F. (d) The simplest solution, independent of frequency, is a single 300 resistor.
10 March 2006
53.
Note that we may replace the three capacitors in parallel with a single capacitor having value 10 3 + 2 103 + 4 103 = 7 mF . (a) = 4 rad/s. (b) = 400 rad/s. Y = j4C = j87.96 mS Y = j400C = j8.796 S
(c) = 4103 rad/s. Y = j4103C = j879.6 S (d) = 41011 rad/s. Y = j41011C = j8.796109 S
10 March 2006
54.
(a) Susceptance is 0 (b) B = C = 100 S (c) Z = 1 + j100 , so Y = 1 1 j100 =G + jB , where B = 9.999 mS. = 1 + j100 1+1002
10 March 2006
55. 2 H j 2, 1F j1 Let I = 10 A
VL = j 2V I c = I in + 0.5 VL = 1 + j1 Vin = j 2 + (1 + j1) ( j1) = 1 + j1 Vin = 10 1 1 j1 = = 0.5 j 0.5 1 + j1 1 j1 Vin 1 2H j2
Now 0.5 S 2 , j 0.5 S =
10 March 2006
56. (a)
= 500, ZinRLC = 5 + j10 j1 = 5 + j 9 1 5 j9 9 = Yc = = 500C 5 + j9 106 106 9 C = = 169.8 F 53, 000 YinRLC =
(b) (c)
R in , ab =
106 = 21.2 5
= 1000 rad/s Z S = 5 + j 2 j 5 = 5 j 3 = 5.831 30.96o and Z C = j 58.89 . Thus, Yin ,ab = 1 1 + = 0.180835.58o S Z S ZC
= 147.1 + j105.2 mS
10 March 2006
57. (a)
j 0.1 100 + j 0.001 50, 000 + j 0.6 100 j 0.001 Zin = 100 + j 0.001 100 j 0.001 R in = 550 : Zin = 500 + 5 106 + 0.00062 + j (60 50) 104 + 106 2 5 106 + 0.0062 R in = = 550 5.5 106 4 6 2 10 + 10 4 2 + 5.5 10 = 5 106 104 2 Zin = 0.5 104 2 = 0.5 106 , 2 = 1010 , = 105 rad/s
10 = 0.5 106 + 0.5 104 2 10 6 2 10 + 10 2 = 0, 2 105 + 1010 = 0 X in = 50 =
4
(b)
2 105 4 1010 4 1010 = 105 = 105 rad/s 2
(c)
G in = 1.8 103 : Yin = =
100 + j 0.001 50, 000 j 0.6 50, 000 + j 0.6 50, 000 j 0.6
5 106 + 6 104 2 + j (50 6) 25 108 + 0.362 5 106 + 6 104 2 1.8 103 = 25 108 + 0.362 5 106 + 6 104 2 = 4.5 106 + 648 106 2 0.5 106 = 48 106 2 = 102.06 krad/s (d)
10 25 108 + 0.362 10 = 37.5 104 + 54 106 2 Bin = 1.5 104 = 54 106 2 10 + 37.5 104 = 0, = 10 100 81 = 52.23 and 133.95 krad/s 108 106
10 March 2006
58. (a)
V1 = I1 0.130 = = 20 23.13 V1 = 20 V Y1 (3 + j 4)103
(b) (c)
V2 = V1 V2 = 20V
I 2 = Y2 V2 = (5 + j 2)103 20 23.13 = 0.10770 1.3286 A I3 = I1 + I 2 = 0.130 + 0.10770 1.3286 = 0.213.740 A V3 = I3 0.213.740 = = 44.7277.18 V V3 = 44.72V Y3 (2 j 4)103
(d)
Vin = V1 + V3 + 20 23.13 + 44.7277.18 = 45.6051.62 Vin = 45.60V
10 March 2006
59. (a)
50 F j 20 Yin = 0.1 + j 0.05 1 1000 1 R1 j = = 8 j4 1000 C 0.1 + j 0.05 R1 j C 1 R 1 = 8 and C1 = = 250 F 4 Yin =
(b)
= 2000 : 50 F j10 Yin = 0.1 + j 0.1 =

500 = 5 j 5 R1 = 5 , C1 = 100 F C1
1 R1 j 500 C1
R1 j
10 March 2006
60. (a)
10 10 + j = j j j 10 j Yin 10 + j 10 j Zin = 1 + Yin =
2 + j10 2 + 100 2 10 G in = 2 , Bin = 2 + 100 + 100

0 1 2 5 10 20 Gin 0 0.0099 0.0385 0.2 0.5 0.8 1 Bin
B
0 0.0099 0.1923 0.4 0.5 0.4 0
10 March 2006
61.
As in any true design problem, there is more than one possible solution. Model answers follow: (a) Y = 1 j4 S at = 1 rad/s. Construct this using a 1 S conductance in parallel with an inductance L such that 1/L = 4, or L = 250 mH. (b) Y = 200 mS (purely real at = 1 rad/s). This can be constructed using a 200 mS conductance (R = 5 ), in parallel with an inductor L and capacitor C such that C 1/L = 0. Arbitrarily selecting L = 1 H, we find that C = 1 F. One solution therefore is a 5 resistor in parallel with a 1 F capacitor in parallel with a 1 H inductor. (c) Y = 780o S = G + jB at = 100 rad/s. G = Re{Y} = 7cos80o = 1.216 S (an 822.7 m resistor). B = Im{Y} = 7sin80o = 6.894 S. We may realize this susceptance by placing a capacitor C in parallel with the resistor such that jC = j6.894, or C = 68.94 mF. One solution therefore is an 822.7 m resistor in parallel with a 68.94 mF. (d) The simplest solution is a single conductance G = 200 mS (a 5 resistor).
10 March 2006
62.
As in any true design problem, there is more than one possible solution. Model answers follow: (a) Y = 1 j4 pS at = 30 rad/s. Construct this using a 1 pS conductance (a 1 T resistor) in parallel with an inductor L such that j41012 = j/L, or L = 8.333 GH. (b) We may realise a purely real admittance of 5 S by placing a 5 S conductance (a 200 k resistor) in parallel with a capacitor C and inductance L such that C 1/L = 0. Arbitrarily selecting a value of L = 2 H, we find a value of C = 1.594 F. One possible solution, then, is a 200 k resistor in parallel with a 2 H inductor and a 1.594 F capacitor. (c) Y = 410o nS = G + jB at = 50 rad/s. G = Re{Y} = 4109cos(10o) = 3.939 nS (an 253.9 M resistor). B = Im{Y} = 4109sin(10o) = 6.9461010 S. We may realize this susceptance by placing an inductor L in parallel with the resistor such that j/L = j6.9461010, or L = 28.78 H. One possible solution, then, is a 253.9 M resistor in parallel with a 28.78 H inductor. (d) The simplest possible solution is a 60 nS resistor (a 16.67 M resistor).
10 March 2006
63.
j5 =
v1 V1 V2 v1 V2 , j 75 = 5V1 + j 3V1 j 3V2 j 5V1 + j 5V2 + + 3 j5 j3 (5 j 2) V1 + j 2V2 = j 75 (1)
v2 V1 V2 V1 V2 + + = 10 6 j5 j3 j10V2 + j10V1 + j 6V2 j 6V1 + 5V2 = 300 j 4V1 + (5 j 4) V2 = 300
(2)
5 j 2 j 75 j4 300 1500 j 600 300 1200 j 600 = 34.3623.63 V = V2 = = j2 5 j2 25 j 30 17 j30 + 8 j4 5 j4
10 March 2006
64. j 3I B j 5(I B I D ) = 0 2I B + j 5I D = 0 3(I D + j 5) j 5(I D I B ) + 6 (I D + 10) = 0 j 5I B + (9 j 5) I D = 60 j15 0 j5 60 j15 9 j 5 75 + j 300 = IB = j2 j5 15 j18 j5 9 j5 = 13.198154.23 A
10 March 2006
65.
vs1 = 20 cos1000t V, vs 2 = 20sin1000t V Vs1 = 200 V, Vs 2 = j 20V
0.01H j10 , 0.1mF j10 vx 20 vx vx + j 20 + + = 0, 0.04vx + j 2 2 = 0, j10 j10 25 Vx = 25(2 j 2) = 70.71 45 V vx (t ) = 70.71cos(1000t 45) V
10 March 2006
66. (a)
Assume V3 = 1V V2 = 1 j 0.5V, I 2 = 1 j 0.5 mA V1 = 1 j 0.5 + (2 j 0.5) ( j 0.5) = 0.75 j1.5V I1 = 0.75 j1.5 mA, Iin = 0.75 j1.5 + 2 j 0.5 = 2.75 j 2 mA Vin = 0.75 j1.5 j1.5 + (2.75 j 2) ( j 0.5) = 0.25 j 2.875 V V3 = 100 = 34.65+ 94.97V j 0.25 j 2.875
(b)
j 0.5 jx Assume V3 = 1V I 3 = 1A, V2 = 1 jX, I 2 = 1 jX, I12 = 2 jX V1 = 1 jX + (2 jX) ( jX) = 1 X 2 j 3X, I1 = 1 X 2 j 3X, I in = 3 X 2 j 4 X Vin = 1 X 2 j 3X 4X 2 + jX 3 j3X = 1 5X 2 + j (X 3 6X) X 3 6X = 0 X 2 = 6, X = 6, Z c = j 2.449 k
10 March 2006
67.
Define three clockwise mesh currents i1, i2, i3 with i1 in the left mesh, i2 in the top right mesh, and i3 in the bottom right mesh. Mesh 1: -100o + (1 + 1 j0.25)I1 I2 (-j0.25)I3 = 0 Mesh 2: I1 + (1 + 1 + j4)I2 I3 = 0 Mesh 3: (-j0.25 + 1 + 1)I3 I2 (-j0.25I1) = 0
1 10 2 j 0.25 1 2 + j4 0 1 j 0.25 0 Ix = 2 j 0.25 1 j 0.25 1 j 0.25 Ix = 2 + j4 1 1 2 j 0.25
10 (1 + 1 j 0.5) j 0.25(2 j 0.5) + (2 + j 0.25 + j 0.25) + (2 j 0.25) (4 + 1 j 0.5 + j8 1) 20 j 5 = I x = 1.217 75.96 A, ix (t ) = 1.2127 cos (100t 75.96) A 8 + j15
10 March 2006
68.
V1 10 j 0.25V1 + j 0.25Vx + V1 V2 = 0 (2 j 0.25) V1 V2 + j 0.25 Vx = 10 V2 V1 + V2 Vx + j 4V2 = 0 V1 + (2 + j 4) V2 Vx = 0 j 0.25Vx + j 0.25V1 + Vx + Vx V2 j 0.25V1 V2 + (2 j 0.25) Vx = 0 1 10 2 j 0.25 1 2 + j4 0 1 j 0.25 0 Vx = j 0.25 j 0.25 1 1 1 2 + j4 j 0.25 1 2 j 0.25 10 (1 + 1 j 0.5) j 0.25(2 j 0.5) + (2 + j 0.25 + j 0.25) + (2 j 0.25) (4 + 1 j 0.5 + j8 1) 20 j 5 = = 1.2127 75.96 V 8 + j15 vx = 1.2127 cos(100t 75.96) V =
10 March 2006
69. (a)
R1 = , R o = 0, A = Vo / Vi >> 0 I= V1 + AVi = j C1 (Vs Vi ) Rf
Vi (1 + A + j C1R f ) = j C1R f Vs Vo (1 + A + j C1R f ) = j C1R f Vs A j C1R f A V V o = As A , o j C1R f Vs 1 + A + j C1R f Vs Vo = AVi (b) R f Cf = 1 j C f + 1 Rf = Rf 1 + j C f R f
I=
(V1 + AVi ) (1 + j C f R f ) = (Vs Vi ) j C1 , Vo = AVi Rf
Vi (1 + A) (1 + j C f R f ) = Vs j C1R f j C1R f Vi , Vi [(1 + A) (1 + j C f R f ) + j C1R f ] = j C1R f Vs Vo [(1 + A) (1 + j C f R f ) + j C1R f ] = j C1R f Vs A j C1R f j C1R f A V V o = As A , o Vs 1 + j C f R f Vs (1 + A) (1 + j C f R f ) + j C1R f
10 March 2006
70.
Define the nodal voltage v1(t) at the junction between the two dependent sources. The voltage source may be replaced by a 3-3o V source, the 600-F capacitor by a j/ 0.6 impedance, the 500-F capacitor by a j2 impedance, and the inductor by a j2 impedance.
V1 - 3 - 3o (V - V ) 5V2 + 3V2 = + 1 2 100 j / 0.6 - j2
[1]
-5V2 =
( V2 V1 )
j2
V2 j2
[2]
Solving, we find that V2 = 9.81 13.36o mV. Converting back to the time domain, v2(t) = 9.81 cos (103t 13.36o) mV
10 March 2006
71.
Define three clockwise mesh currents: i1(t) in the left-most mesh, i2(t) in the bottom right mesh, and i3(t) in the top right mesh. The 15-F capacitor is replaced with a j/ 0.15 impedance, the inductor is replaced by a j20 impedance, the 74 F capacitor is replaced by a j1.351 impedance, the current source is replaced by a 20o mA source, and the voltage source is replaced with a 50o V source. Around the 1, 2 supermesh: (1 + j20) I1 + (13 j1.351) I2 5 I3 = 0 and I1 + I2 = 2103 Mesh 3: 50o 5 I2 + (5 j6.667) I3 = 0
Solving, we find that I1 = 148.0179.6o mA. Converting to the time domain, i1(t) = 148.0cos (104t + 179.6o) A Thus, P1 = [i1(1 ms)]2 1 = (16.15103)(1) W = 16.15 mW.
10 March 2006
72.
We define an additional clockwise mesh current i4(t) flowing in the upper right-hand mesh. The inductor is replaced by a j0.004 impedance, the 750 F capacitor is replaced by a j/ 0.0015 impedance, and the 1000 F capacitor is replaced by a j/ 2 impedance. We replace the left voltage source with a a 6 -13o V source, and the right voltage source with a 6 0o V source. (1 j/ 0.0015) I1 + j/0.0015I2 I3 (0.005 + j/ 0.0015) I1 + (j0.004 j/0.0015) I2 I1 + (1 j500) I3 + = 6 13o j0.004 I4 = 0 j500 I4 = 6 0o [1] [2] [3] [4]
j0.004 I2 + j500I3 + (j0.004 j500) I4 = 0 Solving, we find that

I1 = 2.002 6.613o mA, I2 = 2.038 6.500o mA, and I3 = 5.998 179.8o A.
Converting to the time domain, i1(t) = 1.44 cos (2t 6.613o) mA i2(t) = 2.038 cos (2t 6.500o) mA i3(t) = 5.998 cos (2t + 179.8o) A
10 March 2006
73.
We replace the voltage source with a 115 2 0o V source, the capacitor with a j/ 2C1 impedance, and the inductor with a j0.03142 impedance. Define Z such that Z-1 = 2C1 - j/0.03142 + 1/20 By voltage division, we can write that 6.014 85.76o = 115 2 Thus, Z = 0.7411 87.88o . This allows us to solve for C1: 2C1 1/0.03142 = -1.348 so that C1 = 4.85 F.
Z Z + 20
10 March 2006
74.
Defining a clockwise mesh current i1(t), we replace the voltage source with a 115 2 0o V source, the inductor with a j2L impedance, and the capacitor with a j1.592 impedance. Ohms law then yields I1 = Thus, 20 =
115 2 = 8.1320o 20 + j (2L 1.592 )
2
202 + (2L 1.592)
and we find that L = 253.4 mH.
10 March 2006
75.
(a) By nodal analysis: 0 = (V 1)/ Rs + V / RB + V / r + jC V + (V Vout) jC [1] -gmV = (Vout V) jC + Vout / RC + Vout / RL Simplify and collect terms:
1 1 1 1 ( ) [1] + + + + C C j V - jC Vout = R RS S R B r
[2]
(-gm + jC) V - (jC + 1/RC + 1/RL) Vout = 0 Define

RS 1 = 1 1 1 + + R S R B r and R L = RC || RL
[2]
Then =
C + C C -1 + 2 (2C2 + C C ) - j g mC + + RS R L RL RS
g m R S j C R S
-1 g C + C + C + C + 2 2C2 + j C C m RS R L RL RS g C + C + C + C m jC RL RS 1 1 Therefore, ang(Vout) = tan tan g R2 1 2 2 m S + (2C + C C ) RS R L
And Vout =
(b)
(c) The output is ~180o out of phase with the input for f < 105 Hz; only for f = 0 is it exactly 180o out of phase with the input.
10 March 2006
76. OC :
Vx 100 Vx + 0.02Vx = 0 j10 20 j10 0.07 + j 0.1
j10 = (0.05 + j 0.1 + 0.02) Vx , Vx = Vx = 67.11 + j 46.98
Vab ,oc = 100 Vx = 32.89 j 46.98 = 57.35 55.01 V SC :Vx = 100 I SC = 0.02 100 + Zth = 100 = 7A 20
57.35 55.01 = 4.698 j 6.711 7
10 March 2006
77.
Let I in = 10. Then VL = j 2 I in = j 2 0.5VL = j Vin = (1 + j ) = 1+ 1 + j 2 j
1 + j 2 j V 1 Zin = in = 1 + + j 2 so Yin = 1 j + j (2 2 1) At = 1, Zin = 1 j1 + j 2 = 1 + j Yin = 1 = 0.5 j 0.5 1 + j1 and L = 1/0.5 = 2 H.
R = 1/0.5 = 2
10 March 2006
78. (a)
15 (1 j1)1 2 + j1 3 j1 = V1 = 0.6 j 0.2 2 j1 2 + j1 5 j 2 + 0.6 j 0.2 V1 = 590 v1 (t ) = 5cos (1000t + 90) V Vs :
(b)
Is:
j2 1 j2 = 0.8 + j 0.4 V1 1+ j2 1 j2 10 + j 20 0.8 + j 0.4 = j 25 = = 11.785+ 135 V 1 j1 + 0.8 + j 0.4 1.8 j 0.6 j2 1=
so v1(t) = 11.79 cos (1000t + 135o) V.
10 March 2006
79. OC :VL = 0 Vab ,oc = 10 V SC : I N VL = j 2I N 10 = j1[0.25( j 2I N ) + I N ] + j 2I N 1 = (0.5 j + j 2) I N = (0.5 + j1) I N I 1 = 0.4 j 0.8 YN = N = 0.4 j 0.8 0.5 + j1 10 1 1 1 1 RN = = 2.5 , = = j 0.8, L N = = 1.25H 0.4 0.8 j L N jL N IN = I N = 0.4 j 0.8 = 0.8944 63.43 A
10 March 2006
80.
To solve this problem, we employ superposition in order to separate sources having different frequencies. First considering the sources operating at w = 200 rad/s, we open (t ) = (j)(20) = j2 V. Therefore, vL circuit the 100 rad/s current source. This leads to VL = 2cos(200t + 90o) V. For the 100 rad/s source, we find j = (10 ) , vL = 0.5cos (100t + 90) V VL 2 vL ( t ) = 2 cos (200t + 90) + 0.5cos (100t + 90) V
10 March 2006
81. j100 j100 j 300 j 300 = 500 V Right: Vab = j100 = j150 V j 300 + j100 Vth = 50 + j150 = 158.11108.43 V Use superposition. Left: Vab = 100 Zth = j100 j 300 = 30, 000 = j150 j 200
10 March 2006
82.
This problem is easily solved if we first perform two source transformations to yield a circuit containing only voltage sources and impedances:
Then I =
517o + 0.240-90o 2.920-45o 73 + 10 + j13 j 4 = (4.264 50.42o)/ (83.49 6.189o) = 51.07 44.23 mA
Converting back to the time domain, we find that i(t) = 51.07 cos (103t + 43.23o) mA
10 March 2006
83.
(a) There are a number of possible approaches: Thvenizing everything to the left of the capacitor is one of them.
VTH = 6(j2)/ (5 + j2) = 2.228 68.2o V ZTH = 5 || j2 = j10/ (5 + j2) = 1.857 68.2o
Then, by simple voltage division, we find that j /3 VC = (2.228 68.2o) 1.85768.2o - j / 3 + j 7 = 88.21 -107.1o mV Converting back to the time domain, vC(t) = 88.21 cos (t 107.1o) mV. (b) PSpice verification. Running an ac sweep at the frequency f = 1/2 = 0.1592 Hz, we obtain a phasor magnitude of 88.23 mV, and a phasor angle of 107.1o, in agreement with our calculated result (the slight disagreement is a combination of round-off error in the hand calculations and the rounding due to expressing 1 rad/s in Hz.
10 March 2006
84.
(a) Performing nodal analysis on the circuit, Node 1: Node 2: 1 = V1/ 5 + V1/ (-j10) + (V1 V2)/ (-j5) + (V1 V2)/ j10 j0.5 = V2/ 10 + (V2 V1)/ (-j5) + (V2 V1)/ j10 [1] [2]
Simplifying and collecting terms, (0.2 + j0.2) V1 j0.1 V2 = 1 -j V1 + (1 + j) V2 = j5 [1] [2]
Solving, we find that V2 = VTH = 5.423 40.60o V

ZTH = 10 || [(j10 || -j5) + (5 || -j10)] = 10 || (-j10 + 4 j2) = 5.882 j3.529 .
(b)
FREQ 1.592E+01 FREQ 1.592E+01
VM($N 0002,0) 4.474E+00 VM($N_0005,0) 4.473E+00
VP($N 0002,0) 1.165E+02 VP($N_0005,0) 1.165E+02
10 March 2006
85.
Consider the circuit below:

Vout Vin
1 j C
Using voltage division, we may write:

Vout = Vin
V out 1 / jC , or R + 1 / jC V in
1 1 + j RC
The magnitude of this ratio (consider, for example, an input with unity magnitude and zero phase) is 1 Vout = 2 Vin 1 + (RC ) As 0, this magnitude 1, its maximum value. As , this magnitude 0; the capacitor is acting as a short circuit to the ac signal. Thus, low frequency signals are transferred from the input to the output relatively unaffected by this circuit, but high frequency signals are attenuated, or filtered out. This is readily apparent if we plot the magnitude as a function of frequency (assuming R = 1 and C = 1 F for convenience):
10 March 2006
86.
Consider the circuit below:
1/jC
Vout
R
Vin
Using voltage division, we may write:
Vout = Vin
R jRC V , or out = R + 1 / jC Vin 1 + jRC
The magnitude of this ratio (consider, for example, an input with unity magnitude and zero phase) is RC Vout = 2 Vin 1 + (RC ) As , this magnitude 1, its maximum value. As 0, this magnitude 0; the capacitor is acting as an open circuit to the ac signal. Thus, high frequency signals are transferred from the input to the output relatively unaffected by this circuit, but low frequency signals are attenuated, or filtered out. This is readily apparent if we plot the magnitude as a function of frequency (assuming R = 1 and C = 1 F for convenience):
10 March 2006
87.
(a) Removing the capacitor temporarily, we easily find the Thvenin equivalent:
Vth = (405/505) VS and Rth = 100 || (330 + 75) = 80.2
80.2 405 VS 505 31.57 fF + Vout -
(b) Vout = and hence
405 1/jC VS 505 80.2 + 1 / jC
so
Vout 1 405 = 12 VS 505 1 + j 2.532 10
Vout = VS
0.802 1 + 6.411 10 24 2
(c)
Both the MATLAB plot of the frequency response and the PSpice simulation show essentially the same behavior; at a frequency of approximately 20 MHz, there is a sharp roll-off in the transfer function magnitude.
10 March 2006
88.
From the derivation, we see that
- g m (R C || R L ) + j (R C || R L )C Vout = Vin 1 + j (R C || R L )C
so that
2 2 R R 2 2 2 2 R CR L C L gm R +R C R +R + Vout C L C L = 2 Vin 2 2 R CR L 1+ R +R C L C This function has a maximum value of gm (RC || RL) at = 0. Thus, the capacitors reduce the gain at high frequencies; this is the frequency regime at which they begin to act as short circuits. Therefore, the maximum gain is obtained at frequencies at which the capacitors may be treated as open circuits. If we do this, we may analyze the circuit of Fig. 10.25b without the capacitors, which leads to 1
Vout VS
low frequency
R C R L (r || R B ) R CR L r R B = - gm R +R R + r || R = - g m R +R R (r + R ) + r R L S B B L S B C C
The resistor network comprised of r, RS, and RB acts as a voltage divider, leading to a reduction in the gain of the amplifier. In the situation where r || RB >> RS, then it has minimal effect and the gain will equal its maximum value of gm (RC || RL). (b) If we set RS = 100 , RL = 8 , RC | max = 10 k and rgm = 300, then we find that
Vou t r || R B = - g m (7.994) VS 100 + r || R B

We seek to maximize this term within the stated constraints. This requires a large value of gm, but also a large value of r || RB. This parallel combination will be less than the smaller of the two terms, so even if we allow RB , we are left with Vou t - 2398 g r - (7.994) m = VS 100 + r 100 + r Considering this simpler expression, it is clear that if we select r to be small, (i.e. r << 100), then gm will be large and the gain will have a maximum value of approximately 23.98. (c) Referring to our original expression in which the gain Vout/ Vin was computed, we see that the critical frequency C = [(RC || RL) C]-1. Our selection of maximum RC, RB , and r << 100 has not affected this frequency.
10 March 2006
89.
Considering the = 2104 rad/ s source first, we make the following replacements: 100 cos (2104t + 3o) V 100 3o V 33 F -j1.515 112 H j2.24 Then (V1 100 3o)/ 47103 + V1/ (-j1.515) + (V1 V2)/ (56103 + j4.48) = 0 (V2 V1)/ (56103 + j4.48) + V2/ (-j0.5435) = 0 Solving, we find that V1 = 3.223 -87o mV and V2 = 31.28 -177o nV Thus, v1(t) = 3.223 cos (2104t 87o) mV and v2(t) = 31.28 cos(2104t 177o) nV Considering the effects of the = 2105 rad/ s source next, 100 cos (2105t - 3o) V 100 -3o V 33 F -j0.1515 112 H j22.4 Then 92 F -j0.05435 [3] [2] [1] 92 F -j0.5435
V1"/ -j0.1515 + (V1" V2")/ (56103 + j44.8) = 0
(V2" V1")/ (56103 + j44.8) + (V2" 100 3o)/ 47103 + V2"/ (-j0.05435) = 0 [4] Solving, we find that V1" = 312.8 177o pV and V2" = 115.7 -93o V Thus, v1"(t) = 312.8 cos (2105t + 177o) pV and v2"(t) = 115.7 cos(2105t 93o) V Adding, we find
v1(t) = 3.22310-3 cos (2104t 87o) + 312.810-12 cos (2105t + 177o) V and v2(t) = 31.2810-9 cos(2104t 177o) + 115.710-12 cos(2105t 93o) V
10 March 2006
90.
For the source operating at = 4 rad/s, 7 cos 4t 7 0o V, 1 H j4 , 500 mF -j0.5 , 3 H j12 , and 2 F -j/ 8 . Then by mesh analysis, (define 4 clockwise mesh currents I1, I2, I3, I4 in the top left, top right, bottom left and bottom right meshes, respectively): (9.5 + j4) I1 j4 I2 7 I3 - 4 I4 3 I4 -j4 I1 + (3 + j3.5) I2 (12 j/ 8) I3 + j/ 8 I4 -7 I1 + -3 I2 + j/ 8 I3 + (4 + j11.875) I4 = = = = 0 -7 0 0 [1] [2] [3] [4]
Solving, we find that I3 = 365.3 -166.1o mA and I4 = 330.97 72.66o mA. For the source operating at = 2 rad/s, 5.5 cos 2t 5.5 0o V, 1 H j2 , 500 mF -j , 3 H j6 , and 2 F -j/ 4 . Then by mesh analysis, (define 4 clockwise mesh currents IA, IB, IC, ID in the top left, top right, bottom left and bottom right meshes, respectively): (9.5 + j2) IA j2 IB 7 IC 4 ID 3 ID -j2 IA + (3 + j) IB (12 j/ 4) IC + j/ 4 ID -7 IA + -3 I2 + j/ 4 IC + (4 + j5.75) ID = = = = 0 -7 0 0 [1] [2] [3] [4]
Solving, we find that IC = 783.8 -4.427o mA and ID = 134 -25.93o mA. V1 = -j0.25 (I3 I4) = 0.1517131.7o V and V1" = -j0.25(IC ID) = 0.1652-90.17o V V2 = (1 + j6) I4 = 2.013155.2o V and V2" = (1 + j6) ID = 0.815154.61o V Converting back to the time domain,
v1(t) = 0.1517 cos (4t + 131.7o) + 0.1652 cos (2t - 90.17o) V v2(t) = 2.013 cos (4t + 155.2o) + 0.8151 cos (2t + 54.61o) V
10 March 2006
91. (a) IL = 100

j 2.5 +
2 2 j1
100 (2 j1) = 57.26 76.76 (2.29in) 2.5 + j 3
I R = (57.26 76.76)
j1 = 25.61 140.19 (1.02in) 2 j1 2 = 51.21 50.19 (2.05in) 2 j1
Ic = (57.26 76.76)
VL = 2.5 57.2690 76.76 = 143.1513.24 (2.86in) VR = 2 25.61 140.19 = 51.22 140.19 (1.02in)
Vc = 51.21 140.19 (1.02in)
10 March 2006
92. (a)
I1 = 120 = 3 30 A 4030 120 I2 = = 2.05830.96 A 50 j 30 120 I3 = = 2.4 53.13 A 30 + j 40
(b)
(c)
I s = I1 + I 2 + I 3 = 6.265 22.14 A
10 March 2006
93. I1 = 5A, I 2 = 7A I1 + I 2 = 100, I1 lags V, I 2 leads V I1 lags I 2 . Use 2.5A / in [Analytically: 5 + 7 = 10 = 5cos + j 5sin + 7 cos + j 7 sin sin = 1.4sin 5 1 1.42 sin 2 + 7 1 1sin 2 = 10 By SOLVE, = 40.54 = 27.66]
10 March 2006
94.
V1 = 1000o V, |V2| = 140 V, |V1 + V2| = 120 V. Let 50 V = 1 inch. From the sketch, for V2 positive, V2 = 140122.5o. We may also have V2 = 140-122.5o V [Analytically: |100 + 140| = 120 so | 100 + 140 cos + j140 sin | = 120 Using the Solve routine of a scientific calculator, = 122.88o.]

Chapter 10 Solutions To Exercises

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Ten Solutions

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Ten Solutions

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Ten Solutions

f (t ) leads g (t ) by 149.04 15.255 = 133.8

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R 2 + 2 L2 A = ( Vm ) and therefore we may write A =

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15 cos (1000t + 66o) -2 cos (1000t + 450o) 1566o

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1-103o 1 -90o cos (t 90o) leads sin (t 13o) by 66 -90 = 156o.

sin t cos (t 90o)

These two waveforms are in phase. Neither leads the other.

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6 cos (260t 9o) -6 cos (260t + 9o)

cos (t - 100o) -cos (t - 100o)

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Ten Solutions

v(t) = V1 cos t - V2 sin t

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Thus, we can write v(t) = Vm cos (t + ) =

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Vm = 110 2 = 155.6 V , 115 2 = 162.6 V , 120 2 = 169.7 V

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150 A 3 + A2 cos 5t + + tan 1 = 2 10 cos 5t A

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Chapter Ten Solutions

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

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R i = , R o = 0, A = , ideal, R 1C1 = iupper = v Vm cos t , ilower = out R R1

ic1 = iupper + ilower =

i (vout Vm cos t ) = C1vout R1