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  • Compute Science Dept: Javascript

    Transféré par

    Goodluck Ngoda
    10 vues37 pages
    JavaScript was developed by Netscape Microsoft has a clone of JavaScript called Jscript. Jscript is designed to run inside the IE Jscript is a carbon copy of JavaScript.

    Description originale:

    Titre original

    Lecture 8

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    JavaScript was developed by Netscape Microsoft has a clone of JavaScript called Jscript. Jscript is designed to run inside the IE Jscript is a carbon copy of JavaScript.

    Droits d'auteur :

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    10 vues37 pages

    Compute Science Dept: Javascript

    Transféré par

    Goodluck Ngoda
    JavaScript was developed by Netscape Microsoft has a clone of JavaScript called Jscript. Jscript is designed to run inside the IE Jscript is a carbon copy of JavaScript.

    Droits d'auteur :

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 37

    Compute Science Dept

    JavaScript
    Lecture

    Introduction
    XHTML is limited in what it offers web suffers in terms of interactivity Web suffers can either click a hyperlink or fill in a form JavaScript makes Web page more dynamic by generating events that can results in many action

    Introduction
    The main two reasons that we use JavaScript in Web pages are
    Dynamic Client-side execution

    Introduction
    JavaScript dynamic and visual effects including
    Intercepting and processing mouse clicks Client-side execution including
    Validating form input Processing client request that do not require server processing

    Introduction
    Client-side processing minimize client/server communication and traffic JavaScript is normally executed on client side, OR the server side.

    Introduction
    Like XHTML, JavaScript is an interpretive Its not a compiled language Browser has an interpreter that scan the JavaScript code and interpret it.

    Introduction
    JavaScript was developed by Netscape Microsoft has a clone of JavaScript called Jscript. Jscript is designed to run inside the IE Jscript is a carbon copy of Javascript.

    Introduction
    Two types of JavaScript exist
    Client-side JavaScript- code that are executed on the client by the browser Server-side JavaScript stay on the server and can be executed only by the server.

    Java vs. JavaScript


    Requires the JDK to create the applet Requires a Java virtual machine to run the applet Applet files are distinct from the XHTML code Source code is hidden from the user Programs must be saved as separate files and compiled before they can be run Programs run on the server side Requires a text editor Required a browser that can interpret JavaScript code JavaScript can be placed within HTML and XHTML Source code is made accessible to the user Programs cannot write content to the hard disk Programs run on the client side

    JavaScript and Java


    JavaScript and Java are similar in someway
    JavaScript does not use explicit variable type JavaScript supports most java expression syntax and Javas basic control structure

    Common scripting tasks


    adding dynamic features to Web pages
    validation of form data image rollovers time-sensitive or random page elements handling cookies

    defining programs with Web interfaces


    utilize buttons, text boxes, clickable images, prompts, frames

    limitations of client-side scripting


    since script code is embedded in the page, viewable to the world for security reasons, scripts are limited in what they can do e.g., can't access the client's hard drive since designed to run on any machine platform, scripts do not contain platform specific commands

    Embedding JavaScript in XHTML


    JavaScript is designed to work inside Web pages and within Web browser It extends the XHTML philosophy of using tags It use <script> tag to embed JavaScript code in XHTML The <script> tag must be closed

    WHERE TO
    JavaScript can be embedded in head section or body section JavaScript in the body section is executed WHILE the page load JavaScript in the head section will be executed when CALLED

    Generic template
    <html> <head> <title>JavaScript Template </title> <script language=javascript> JavaScript code goes here </script> </head> <body> XHTML code goes here </body> </html>

    JavaScript section

    Embeding JavaScript
    We prefer to embed JavaScript right before (or after ) the <head> tag closed This is a standard format Many web pages follow the same format JavaScript is included within the <body> section There is no limit on how many <script> tag can be embedded in the XHTML

    Creating a Hello World: JavaScript program


    <html> <head> <title>Hello World</title> <script language=javascript> alert(Hello world from Tanzania!); document.write(Hello world from Tanzania!); </script> </head> <body> </body> </html>

    Interpreter output

    Input and output


    Client side JavaScript has limited input-output utilities Because of security, JavaScript cannot
    Open file Read from Write Close file

    JavaScript Variables
    JavaScript are use to hold values or expressions Rules for JavaScript variable names
    Variable name are case sensitive Variable names must begin with a letter or underscore

    Creating JavaScript Variables


    JavaScript is declared by using var statement var variablename var x var carname

    JavaScript Variables
    After declaration, variable is always empty It needs to be assign a values after decleration var x = 5; var carname=volvo; X=5; carname=volvo;

    JavaScript Variables
    Any computation can be done as normal if variable is already declared JavaScript operate in conditional statement like other programming language

    Conditional statement in JavaScript


    <script type=text/javascript> var d=new Date (); var time=d.getHours(); if (time <10){
    document.write(<b>Good Mooring</b>)

    } </script>

    Input and Output


    The only input functions available are
    Prompt () Confirm()

    Prompt function
    The prompt() function has the following function
    Prompt(message, default) Message is a string that informs the user of what to input Default is a value that the user can accept instead of inputting a value.

    Example codes
    <html> <head> <title>Untitled Document</title> <script language="javascript"> input=prompt("Please enter a number", 7); </script> </head> <body> </body> </html>

    Prompt function

    Confirm function
    The confirm() function is used to ask the user to confirm an input value It return a Boolean whose value depends on the user confirmation. If user confirm the input, it return true Otherwise it return false

    Confirm function
    General syntax is confirm(question) Where question is a string.

    Confirm function
    <html> <head> <title>Untitled Document</title> <script language="javascript">answer=confirm("You input:"+ 10+" is this correct?"); </script> </head> <body> </body> </html>

    Confirm output

    Output function
    The output function in JavaScript are
    document.write (string) Alert(string)

    JavaScript Events
    Events are actions that can be detected by JavaScript Examples of events
    A mouse click A web page or an image load Mousing over a host on the web page Selecting an input field in an HTML form Submitting an HTML form

    JavaScript Object
    JavaScript id an Object Oriented Programming (OOP) An OOP language allows you to define your own object and make your own variable type.

    JavaScript Properties
    Properties are the values associated with an object <script type=text/javascript> var txt=Hellow World; document.write(txt.length); </script> Output 12 The values is Hellow Word

    JavaScript Methods
    Methods are actions that can be performed on objects <script type=text/javascript> var str=Hellow Word document.write(str.toUpperCase()) </sript> toUpperCase is a method used to converted small letter string to Upper case

    JavaScript Validation
    JavaScript can be used to validate data in HTML forms before sending off the content to the server Form data that can be checked by JavaScript could be
    User left required field empty User entered invalid e-mail address User entered invalid date User entered numeric in text field

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