Experiment No

: 01

Experiment

1) Demonstration of Ohms law. 2) Multisim verifications.

Objectives

To be familiar with ohms law. To demonstrate it in a lab environment. To verify ohms law by comparing results of theoretical approach and practical approach. To use multisim software to simulate simple circuits.

Apparatus

1) Variable DC power supply 2) Two multi meters a) Ammeter b) Voltmeter 3) PC with multisim 4) Bread board 5) Connecting wires 6) Wire cutter 7) Wire stripper

Components 1) Resistors

Theory and diagrams

Ohms law :Under constant physical conditions, the ratio of voltage across a conductor (v) to the current (I) through it, constantly.

VI Where R = resistance across a conductor. V=RI Then, V=IR

Diagrams: Case-1

Figure-1: series connected resistors.

Case-2

Figure-2: parallel connected resistors.

Procedure Case-1

The two resistors were joined in the breadboard series. Two multi meters were joined on the board with resistors to acts ammeter and voltmeter, and the circuit was completed providing by power supply. Then ammeter reading was observed and conformed. Following that voltmeter readings were adjusted and corresponded readings of ammeter were observed and recorded. V vs I graph was plotted. Moreover above readings were confirmed by using multisim.

Case-2 The two resistors were joined in the breadboard parallel. Two multi meters were joined on the board with resistors to acts ammeter and voltmeter, and the circuit was completed providing by power supply. Then ammeter reading was observed and conformed. Following that voltmeter readings were adjusted and corresponded readings of ammeter were observed and recorded. V vs I graph was plotted. Moreover above readings were confirmed by using multisim.

Observations

: observation sheet was attached.

Graph

: graph sheet was attached.

Calculations

: Case-1 Gradient (m) = = =0.77 Case-2 Gradient (m) = = =0.67

Results

: Case-1 V = IR I= I= V

So , gradient (m) = Then, R = = =1.29

 For 3v I= = =2.32 mA For 6v I = 4.65 mA For 9v I = 6.97 mA For 12v I = 9.3 mA For 15v I = 11.62 mA For 18v I = 13.95 mA For 21v I = 16.27 mA For 24v I = 18.6 mA

Case-2 V = IR I= I= V

So , gradient (m) = Then, R = = =1.49 For 3v I= = =2.01 mA For 6v I = 4.02 mA For 9v I = 6.04 mA For 12v I = 8.05 mA For 15v I = 10.06 mA For 18v I = 12.08 mA For 21v I = 14.09 mA For 24v I = 16.1 mA 7

Conclusion :

The voltage across the conductor if always proportional to the current flowing through the conductor. The multisim software can be used to verify the ohms law very easily. There are some difference between practical graph and theoretical graph. it is possible to get an accurate straight line in theoretical.

Summary :

There is some difference between theoretical and practical values. Because of some reasons shown in below, 1) Poor connection between breadboard and components. 2) The equipment could not be used 100% efficiency. The multisim software is used to verify the results. By using this software accurate value can be taken. According to the graph the voltage is directly proportional to the current. That is shown in the graph area.