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2nd Year Full-time 2nd Year Teaching Factory Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year Evenings-Only Diploma in Mechatronics 2nd Year Full-time MECHANICS II ---------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2.
MM2105
The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of three sections: Section I (10 questions) [20 marks] Section II ( 3 questions) [36 marks] Section III ( 3 questions) [44 marks]
3. 4. 5. 7. 8.
Answer ALL questions in Sections I AND II and ANY TWO questions from Section III. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. Answer Section I on the inside of the front cover sheet. A List of Formulae is provided. Take g = 9.81 m/s. This examination paper consists of 8 pages. ----------
/S12001
see page 2
-2Section I [20 marks] (Each question carries 2 marks) ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
MM2105
Q1.
The ideal effort of a lifting machine is equal to (a) (b) (c) (d) Zero Load/Velocity Ratio The Load Actual effort + Friction effort.
Q2.
The wheels of a car travelling on a horizontal road possesses a b (c) (d) (a) potential energy only. (b) kinetic energy only. kinetic energy of rotation only. both kinetic energy of translation and rotation.
Q3.
Power developed by a torque is given by (a) T c t d e (b) (c) f (d) T Tt where T = torque t = time = angular velocity = angular displcement = angular acceleration.
/S12001 -3-
Q4.
When a body moves round a circle of radius r metres with uniform velocity v m/s, its angular velocity rad/s is (a) (b) (c) (d) v r 2 r r v2 2
Q5.
The point of contraflexure is a point at which the (a) (b) (c) (d) shear force is a maximum. shear force is zero. bending moment is a maximum. bending moment changes sign.
Q6.
For practical lifting machines, the mechanical advantage is (a) (b) (c) (d) less than velocity ratio. equal to velocity ratio. equal to one. equal to or greater than velocity ratio.
Q7.
Which expression represents power? (a) (b) (c) (d) force x displacement. force x velocity. force x acceleration. force x time.
/S12001 -4Q8. The linear velocity of the belt in a belt drive system is (a) (b) (c) (d) faster at the smaller pulley. faster at the larger pulley. the same at both pulleys. dependent on whether it is a flat belt or a V-belt.
Q9.
For Fig. Q9, the shear force at a point x metre from A is A (a) (b) (c) (d) RA + 15x -RA + 15x -RA - 15x RA - 15x Fig Q9. x 15 kN/m B
Q10.
Fig Q10 shows a hole punch with two plungers of diameter d. A punching force of P is required to punch through a stack of paper of thickness t per sheet. The ultimate shearing stress is . The number of sheets in the stack is given by (a) (b) (c) (d) P/( dt.) P/(2. dt). 2P/(2. d2t) P/(2. d2t) P
c d
Fig Q10.
An open belt drive has an initial tension set at 500 N. The angle of lap of the belt over driver and driven pulleys are 150 and 210 respectively. The mass of the belt per unit length is 0.55 kg and the coefficient of friction between the belt and pulley is 0.4. (a) Sketch the belt drive. (2 marks)
Determine : (b) (c) (d) the corresponding velocity. (3 marks) the centrifugal tension at the corresponding velocity. (3 marks) the maximum power that can be transmitted by the belt drive. (4 marks)
Q12. A solid steel shaft A of 50 mm diameter rotates at 250 rpm. Find the maximum power that can be transmitted for a limiting shearing stress of 60 MN/m2 . (7 marks) It is proposed to replace shaft A by a hollow shaft B of the same external diameter with a limiting shearing stress of 75 MN/m2. Determine the internal diameter of shaft B to transmit the same power at the same speed. (5 marks)
Q13 (a) A body of mass 3 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle at the end of a light cable of length 2 m. What is the magnitude and direction of the force required to keep the mass moving in this circle at a speed of 150 rpm? (4 marks) (b) If the body is whirled in a vertical circle at 150 rpm, determine the maximum cable tension. (4 marks) (c) What is the least velocity (in m/s) required to keep the body in a vertical circular motion? (4 marks) Free body diagrams are required for (b) and (c).
/S12001 -6Section III [44 marks] ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS Q14.
FigQ14 shows a beam ABCD carrying loads and simply supported at both ends. A 10 kN/m 3m 10 kN B 1m C 1m D
Fig Q14. Use the graph paper provided in the answer booklet for this question. Use the following scales : Free body diagram Shear Force Diagram 20 mm : 1 m 2 mm : 1 kN
(2 marks)
(b) Show that the reactions at A and D are 23 kN and 17 kN respectively. (4 marks) (c) Draw the shear force diagram. (4 marks)
(d) Draw the bending moment diagram. (5 marks) d (e) State the position, nature and magnitude of the maximum shear force. (2 marks) (f) State the position, nature and magnitude of the maximum bending moment. (5 marks) Indicate principal numerical values on your shear force and bending moment diagrams.
/S12001 -7Q15. The following sets of values were taken from a test on a machine . Effort (E) N Load (W) N 3 0 5.5 40 8.0 80 10.5 120
The velocity ratio of the machine is 18. (a) Tabulate the values for the Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency for the values of each of the loading and show your workings. (3 marks) (b) Plot the graph of effort against load and efficiency against load on the same graph paper provided in this answer book . (3 marks) (c) Determine the law of the machine from the graph.(3 marks) (d) For a load of 60 N, determine (i) the actual effort , ideal effort and friction effort. (5 marks) (ii) the mechanical advantage and efficiency of the machine. (4 marks) (e) What is the limiting mechanical advantage and limiting efficiency? (4 marks)
Q16.
A 4-wheeled vehicle of total mass 1500 kg is accelerated from rest to a speed of 72 km/hr after travelling a distance of 400 m up an incline of 1 in 10. It has two axles , each of which together with the wheels has a mass of 150 kg and radius of gyration of 400 mm about its axis of rotation. The wheel diameter is 1 m. The resistance to motion is 500 N. Calculate (a) (b) (c) (d) the kinetic energy of translation of the vehicle.(5 marks) the kinetic energy of rotation of the wheels. the total kinetic energy of the vehicle. (8 marks) (2 marks)
the average tractive effort required by using the energy method. (7 marks)
********* /S12001 -8LIST OF FORMULAE = P A = L L y w or E= UTS w J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation T = G = J L r Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle) M=E= I R y Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 r G= see page 8 MM2105
Factor of Safety =
I = bd3 12
I = (d14 d24 ) 64
Torsion Equation
VR = 2 R (Screw Jack) np N2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) N1 N3 d Belts Tt - Tc = e /sin Ts - Tc P = (Tt - Tc ) (1 e /sin 1 )v P = 2(To - mv 2)(e /sin - 1) v (e /sin + 1)
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