2.092/2.

093
FINITE ELEMENT OF SOLIDS AND FLUIDS I

FALL 2009
Homework 1- solution
Instructor: TA: Prof. K. J. Bathe Seounghyun Ham Assigned: Due:
Session 3 Session 5

Problem 1 (30 points):

The truss geometry is shown below. Bar mumbers are circled. Joint numbers are placed adjacent to their respective joints.

U4
3

U2 U3
4 5

U1
4 a

U8 2
1 a
For a linear static analysis, we have:

3 U6

U7
1

U5
2 a

K88U81=R81
a) The K matrix is calculated column by column. The ith column of the stiffness matrix represents the external force vector required to give the structure unit displacement about the ith degree of freedom and zero displacement about all other degree of freedom. Take a look at one example how to construct it.

Calculate column 5:
Imposing the following displacement pattern:
U5=1, U1=U2=U3=U4=U6=U7=U8=0
1

The resulting external force vector under this set of displacement conditions is equal to the 5th column of the stiffness matrix K. In this case, the truss bar 1 changes length by 1, the truss bar 5 shrinks by 1 , and all other truss bars are fixed in length. 2 Hence, the bar axial forces are as follows.

N1 =

AE AE , N 2 = N 3 = N 4 = 0, N 5 = a 2a

Positive and negative signs of the axial forces imply tension and compression, respectively. Hence the reaction forces, the entries of the 5th column, are obtained from the equilibrium equations at the joints.

K15 =
K 25 =

AE AE 1 AE AE , K 55 =
( +
1), K 65 =
, K 75 =
, K 35 =
K 45 =
K85 =
0 a 2 2 a 2 2a 2 2a

After assembling all columns, the following K is determined:

1 1 2 2 +1 2 2 1 1
2 2 2 2

0
-1
0 0 EA
K =
1 1 a
2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0

2 2 2 2 1 1
0 0 0 0
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
+1 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 +1 0 -1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1
0 0 +1 1 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 -1 +1 0 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 -1 0 +1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 -1 0 1 1 0 0

b) Since U1 = U 2 = U 4 = U 7 = U8 = 0 , we can reduce K88U81=R81 to KaaUa=Ra as follows:

 1 0 0 2 2 +1 U 3 R3 0
1 1 EA
N . 0 +1 U 5 = R5 = 6 104 a 2 2 2 2 U 6 R6 0 1 1 + 1 0
2 2 2 2

The solution is

0 U 3 U = a 4.76 104 10 4 5 EA 4 U 6 1.24 10

c) Since we know the values of U 3 , U 5 , and U 6 , we can calculate the reaction forces
from KbaUa=Rb,

1 R 1 0 R 2 1 R4 = 2 2 R7 1 R8 2 2 1 2 2

2 2 1 2 2 0 1 0

1 2 2 1 1.24 104 R1 2 2 4 0 1.24 10 R2 4.76 104 N = 1 1.24 104 N = R4 4 4 1.24 10 4.76 10 R7 0 0 R8

0

The undeformed and deformed meshes with applied boundary conditions and loads are plotted on the next page.

To calculate all internal forces, lets draw the equilibrium diagram for each joint.

R=1.2426104 N
P=6105 N

R R
4

R R 1.4142R

3.8284R 3.8284R

1.4142R
1

3.8284R

P=4.8284R

Therefore, the internal forces are Element 1: tension 4.7572104 N Element 2: no force
4

Element 3: tension 1.2426104 N Element 4: no force Element 5: Compression 1.7573104 N

R1 1.24 104
R 4
2 1.24 10 R3
0 4
R4 1.24 10 and Reactions: = R 6 105 N 5
0 R6
R 4.76 104
7 0 R8

d) We can make sure that element 3 and joint 3 are in equilibrium explicitly by the diagram below.

1.2424104N 1.2424104N

1.2424104N

1.2424104N

External forces acting on structure.

12.4kN

12.4kN

12.4kN

60kN 12.4kN

F
F

= 12.4kN 47.6kN + 60kN = 0

= 12.4kN 12.4kN = 0

at 4

= 12.4kN a 47.6kN a + 60kN a = 0

Therefore, the structure is in equilibrium.

Question: Why does the joint 3 not move horizontally? Assume you have not calculated the detailed solution given above. Give your answer and a physical reason.

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2.092 / 2.093 Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Fluids I

Fall 2009

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