Prepared by

Engmate32@gmail.com

Width of the design Strip of the wall is 1 m. the wall can be designed as a Cantilever wall

Fc' Fy
Concrete Density

27.6 Mpa 420 Mpa 25 KN/m3

Stress Block depth () Coef. Sulfur Density soil Density

internal angle of sulfur

0.85
Lab results for Bulk Density of sulphur ranges from 1300 Kg/m3 to 1400 kg/m3 , for safety factor, 1500 kg/m3 is used

15.000 KN/m3 18.000 KN/m3 30.000

Soil allowable pressure

200.000 Kpa

Trial section of the wall

The first Trial section will have the following approximation: L =0.60H, x=200 mm , c=d=x+0.045H; f=L/3-c/2 y
Width of design Strip(1m)

Dimensions in mm H L x c d f

6400 4000 250 500 500 1000

H'

Toe

f d
c

Dimensions are in mm
250.000

3267

sulfur Stress
5900 4900

W' 2

W1
w2

soil Stress

+ Aprox. soil Stress

Ground Level

W''1

W3 1000.0

W' 3

W''2 W3 1000.000

##

c
W4 footing

500.000 50

4000.000

cm

100

cm

Wall section c-c

1443

1-Forces due to gravity

Wall Gravity weight (W1) (W1) Wall Gravity Concrete Density*H' *(d') 2 weight (W'1) W'1
Sulfur w.t W'2 (S) Density*H' *(d/2)=
Soil w.t on the footing (w3) Soil w.t on the footing (w'3)

Concrete Density*H' *(x)

30.63 KN

15.31 KN 183.75 KN 22.500 KN 18.000 KN 50.000 KN

Footing W.t(W4)

2- Load & Moment Calculations

Total Sulphur Stress force (w 2)

=Sulphur Density*H*(H/2)

(w2)
(S) Vertical force

180.075 KN 90.038 KN 9.000 KN -9.000 KN 0.333 29.5 KN/m2 18 KN/m

Soil stress Force Soil stress force(-) Active Pressure coef.

load on wall due to Sulphur( w triangle) = Load to the wall due to soil =

Total ultimate load

Total Factored load =1.4*Wu

47.500 KN/m 66.500 KN/m

M(max )

=W*L
6

M (factored)

385.811 KN.m 428.679 KN.m

3-Analyzing the Stability of the wall

by taking the moments in the toe (see fig no.1) of the retaining wall as per following

Force (KN)
W1 W'1 W'2 W3 W'3 W4 30.625 15.313 183.750 22.500 18.000 50.000

Arm (m)
1.375 1.167 2.750 2.750 0.500 2.000 3.133
Total Moment Returning Moment F.s against over turning

Moments (KN.m)
42.109 17.865 505.312 61.875 9.000 100.000 282.118

F (V)
Vertical Forces

90.038 410.225

1018.279 428.679 2.375 ok >1.2

Location of Resultant e (eccentrity) check soil pressure at toe

q max= vertical Load*(1+6*e) footing Width L

2.482 m 0.482 m

OK, e < L/6

176.742 Kpa

Ok, q max < Allowable soil pressure

4-Calculations of moment & Shear Reinforcement of stem

The moment will be resisted by the following section (total depth 50.000 cm Effective depth 42.500 cm
width (Design Strip )

100.00 cm 0.378 *d 16.067 cm 34.466 cm

a max
Z=(d-a/2)

3-Vertical Reinforcement
As= (M) Fy*Z

29.613 cm2

As max (Rectangular Section) = max*b*d

max 0.021 As max 89.747 cm2 As used is within the limit

a actual =As*fy
0.85*f'c*b

0.530 cm

since ( a ) actual is far from assumption, 2nd trial is needed.

2nd Trial Z=(d-a/2) As a Z=(d-a/2) As (final )

42.23491929 cm 24.166 cm2 0.433 cm 42.284 24.13847724 cm 2

As(min) = (0.0015)(gross wall area)

As min 6.375 cm2 OK use 25 @ 200 back vertical bars and 25 @ 250 mm front Vertical bars for Horizontal Rebars , ACI 318, section 14.3.3 stated that As( Horizontal ) = (0.0025)(gross area of wall) As Horizontal 10.625 cm 2 use 20 @ 250 back and front horizontal bars
The Clear Spacing of bars in layer must not be less than nominal bar Dia or 4/3 of aggregate size or 2.5 cm

4-Shear Reinforcement
The concrete shear strength according to the ACI-99=0.17*(F'c)*b*d

Allowable concrete shear strength = check shear Shear force 156 KN

380 KN OK

5-Calculations of moment & Shear Reinforcement of footing (Toe and Heel)

5.1- Design of Toe Footing depth Effective depth 50.000 cm 40.500 cm 410.225 18.000 12.500 379.725 Kpa KPa KPa Kpa

Vertical stress over the toe= w.t of soil over Toe= w.t of concrete = Net Toe pressure = Moment=WL^2/2 Factored Moment a max= Z=(d-a/2) As= (M) Fy*Z 0.378 *d

189.863 KN.m 210.958 KN.m

15.311 cm 32.844 cm 15.293 cm2

a actual =As*fy
0.85*f'c*b

2.738 far from assumption

Z= As= max = As max Shrinkage Reinforcemt As min use As min

=1.4*b*d

39.131 cm 12.836 cm2 0.021 85.524 cm2

13.500 cm2

13.500 cm2

5.2- Design of Heel at Stem w.t of soil above heel at back face of stem w.t of sulfur above heel at back face of stem w.t of concrete base Net(1) Pressure for design at back w.t of soil above heel at back face of stem w.t of sulfur above heel at back face of stem w.t of concrete base Net(2) Pressure for design

18.0 73.5 12.5 104.0

KN/m2 KN/m2 KN/m2 KN/m2

18.0 95.2 12.5 125.7

KN/m2 KN/m2 KN/m2 KN/m2

125.7 104.0 KN/m2 40.500

KN/m2

cm

250.000

cm

M1 M2 Total Moment
Factored moment

45.105 325.000 370.105 411.228

KN.m KN.m KN.m KN.m

Footing depth Effective depth a max a max Z

50.000 40.500 0.378 15.311 32.844

cm cm *d cm cm

As a actual Z As

29.811 5.337 37.832 25.881

cm 2 cm cm cm 2

Use 25 @ 200 mm top and bottom as main reinforcement Use 20 @ 250 mm top and bottom as secondary reinforcement

25 @ 250 mm

25 @ 200 mm

20@ 250 mm

25 @ 200 top and bottom

25 @ 200 top and bottom

500.000 mm