ASSIGNMENT-01

Name: Bikkina Jhansi Lakshmi Enrollment No: E3074 Course Code: FC- ECLD Date of submission:28 June 2013

WHAT IS DYSLEXIA? HOW WOULD YOU IDENTIFY A STUDENT WITH READING DISABILITY.

"Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read.
-DSM IV

Dyslexia is a learning disability that manifests itself as a difficulty with word decoding, reading comprehension and/or reading fluency. It is separate and distinct from reading difficulties resulting from other causes, such as a non-neurological deficiency with vision or hearing, or from poor or inadequate reading instruction. Dyslexia has been proposed to have three cognitive subtypes (auditory, visual and attention, although individual cases of dyslexia are better explained by the underlying neuropsychological deficits and cooccurring learning disabilities (e.g. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, math disability, etc.). Although not an intellectual disability, it is considered both a learning disability and a reading disability. Dyslexia and IQ are not interrelated, since reading and cognition develop independently in individuals who have dyslexia.
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Symptoms of dyslexia may include expressive language problems or disabilities. When reading aloud, for example, people with dyslexia may reverse words or parts of words. A dyslexic child may read the word "bad" as if it were "dab." Word order and sounds may also be confused, by dyslexics, and words are often omitted or slurred over. "The dog chased the cat down the street" could become "the gob chaled on the treats." Dyslexics

may also reverse letters and words in written language. Mirror writing, a complete reversal of words, is sometimes present. Following is a list of dyslexia symptoms. Reading problems The following are some common signs of dyslexia: The dyslexic reader is more often a boy than a girl. The ratio is 4:1 Dyslexic readers tend to be spatially disoriented, with pronounced left / right confusion. This affects the way they perceive words. 1] There is frequent reversal of letters [b-d, flim-film]; words [saw- was], and sometimes entire sentence. 2] Sounds are confused [empty- entry]. 3] Concepts are reversed [floor for ceiling; cake for bread] There may be poor figure ground discrimination visual-motor difficulties. He may have untidy writing. The letters are poorly formed, irregular and uneven in formation. Reading rate is low Tends to make mistakes in loud reading, laborious reading, reads word by word mispronunciation occurs often.

 Poor reading comprehension Omission of letters, syllables, words or word endings, (calls for called / call, sed / said) Addition of sounds or words in sentences (ischool / school )

In speaking and listening, students with Dyslexia have difficulty pronouncing words, especially those with more than one syllable. Frequently people with dyslexia cannot repeat phrases that are spoken to them. They have difficulty gleaning the meaning from spoken phrases. Difficulty following instructions is also a symptom of dyslexia. Homonyms, synonyms, rhymes, and idioms are difficult for dyslexics. Dyslexics may also have problems with metaphors, similes, and other symbolic speech.

#-# References:

1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2. http://www.allaboutlearningpress.com/symptoms-of-dyslexia