SAUDI ARABIA UNDER ATTACK
This is a chronology of events that led to the build up of terrorist activity
in the region and the development of AI-Qaeda under Osama bin Laden.
December 1979: Soviet Forces invade Afghanistan
posing a serious threat to the region. Saudi Arabia
reaches an agreement with the US to help sponsor the
mujahedin resistance through Pakistan. The biggest
covert operation between the US and Saudi Arabia
starts and continues for more than a decade. One of
those involved in the mujahedin resistance is a young
Saudi called Osama bin Laden.
1989-1992: Saudi Intelligence information confirms
that Osama bin Laden has established an organisation
with obscure goals, called AI-Qaeda. There is major
concern as to the direction in which Osama bin Laden
is now going. Saudi authorities decide to restrict his
movements and to prevent him from leaving the
country for two years.
March 1992: Osama bin Laden gains permission to
travel to Afghanistan, claiming he wants to help in
mediation efforts between rival factions of mujahedin
who are on the verge of victory after a long war against
the Soviet Union in which the USA, the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have co-operated in
extending assistance to the mujahedin.
Autumn 1992: Afghanistan descends into civil war
after rival mujahedin factions fail to reach agreement.
Saudi Arabia halts aid to all mujahedin factions.
Osama bin Laden leaves Afghanistan and travels to
Sudan, thus breaking a promise made to Saudi
authorities that he would return to the Kingdom.
1992-93: Egypt witnesses a cycle of violence at the
hands of extremists returning home from Afghanistan.
Some evidence suggests the involvement of Osama
bin Laden.
7 April, 1994: Following several warnings Saudi
authorities decided to withdraw Osama bin Laden's
Saudi nationality.
Osama bin Laden launches a fierce attack against the
Kingdom and says its leadership is illegitimate. He calls
for the overthrow of the Saudi regime.
From this time on Osama bin Laden and AI-Qaeda
openly attack Saudi Arabia. Following is a
chronology of these attacks and of efforts made to
bring Osama bin Laden to justice and arrest his
terrorist followers. The first attack was in 1995.
13 Nov 1995: Two car bombs explode in Riyadh,
leaving six dead and more than 60 wounded. The
explosion is aimed at an American mission involved in
training the Saudi army. Saudi authorities later arrest
those responsible for this crime. The terrorists involved
admit during interrogation that they have been
influenced by Osama bin Laden.
25 June 1996: A lorry explodes before an
accommodation complex in AI-Khobr, leaving ten
people dead and more than hundred wounded.
Summer 1998: As fears grow about the increasingly
dangerous nature of AI-Qaeda the former Head of
Saudi Intelligence, HRH Prince Turki AI-Faisal, goes to
Kandahar with the intention of requesting the
extradition of Osama bin Laden. But the leader of
Taliban, Mullah Omar turns down his request and
accuses Saudi Arabia of "serving foreign powers".
Prince Turki leaves the meeting in protest.
11 September 2001: A date etched on the memory of
the world. AI-Qaeda terrorists cause two planes to
crash into the World Trade Centre and a third to smash
into the Pentagon in Washington killing more than
3,000 people. Osama bin Laden's group is responsible.
Fifteen of the 19 AI-Qaeda hijackers have been
recruited from Saudi Arabia to support bin Laden's aim
to drive a wedge between Saudi and the West.
8 March 2003: Following an explosion in a house
east of Riyadh, a cache of weapons, automatic rifles
and explosives are found.
25 March 2003:
Unknown assailant fires
at a traffic police patrol
in the city of Sakaka.
The attacker is arrested
the following day.
21 April 2003: The
head of AI-Azizia police
district is fired on while
he is journeying home
at the end of the
working day.
6 May 2003: Security forces uncover and confiscate a
large cache of explosives, weapons, ammunition and
money in a house near Ashbilia quarter, east of Riyadh.
7 May 2003: After months and months of covert
operations trying to source AI-Qaeda cells within the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
Saudi authorities uncover
a dangerous terrorist
network, and distribute
photographs of 19
fugitives who are
believed to be planning a
wider terrorist campaign
in the Kingdom. Security
forces discover the hiding
places of the cells and
uncover a large cache of
weapons, money and
forged documents.
12 May 2003: Three suicide car bombs explode in
residential compounds in different parts of Riyadh. In all
25 people are killed and 194 injured in the explosion.
They include Saudis, Americans and British victims.
18 May 2003: HRH Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz,
Minister of the Interior tells a press conference that the
authorities have arrested four suspects in connection
with the 12 May bombing and managed to identify three
others involved in the explosions.
27-28 May 2003: Saudi Authorities seize weapons,
ammunition, large amounts of cash and communication
equipment when they arrest 13 suspects in Madinah.
Those arrested include radical preachers who have
become the so called spiritual leaders of the terrorists.
24 May 2003: Another suspect is arrested in Hail,
following a police chase lasting eight hours.
14 June 2003: Police raid a terrorist cell in an
apartment in Makkah.
16 June 2003: Police arrest two young men inside a
car full of explosives and drugs in the Asir region. The
car explodes but no casualties reported.
18 June 2003: Two wanted men, suspected of
terrorist activity are arrested in Briuda city during the
raid on one of the houses there.
20 June 2003: Four women suspects are arrested in
an apartment in Kahlidia quarter, in Makkah.
24 June 2003: Another suspect arrested in
connection with crimes in Makkah. Two further
suspects arrested on charges related to security
issues.
26 June 2003: Ali Abdul Al Rahman AI-Fugassi, one
of the most wanted terrorist suspects, hands himself
over voluntarily to the Under Secretary of the Ministry
of Interior.
1 July 2003: Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz reveals that
so far 124 suspects have been arrested including 32 in
AI-Riyadh, 43 in Madinah, 27 men and five women in
Makkah.
1 July 2003: The arrest of Zafar Abdulrahman Al-
Shahri (fugitive) in a deserted house in the AI-Khadira
village.
3 July 2003: Raid at a preacher's house in Al-Jawf
where five fugitives were sheltering. Those arrested
include Turk! Adandani considered one of the most
dangerous of the group.
21 July 2003:
Reports from the
Ministry of Interior that
a further 16 terrorists
have been arrested
and huge amounts of
explosives, weapons,
automatic rifles,
ammunition, chemical
materials and forged
official documents have been seized in houses in
Riyadh, AI-Kasim and the Eastern region.
28 July 2003: The security authorities lay siege to a
farm in AI-Kasim and arrest four people who have been
giving shelter and help to a number of terrorists.
10 August 2003: A group of terrorists fire at police
patrols outside Riyadh.
12 August 2003: A group of terrorists fire petrol
bombs at police when they stop and search a lorry
parked illegally in one of the roads in Shabra quarter,
west of Riyadh.
15 August 2003: Some 21 terrorism suspects are
arrested including eight known fugitives in a house in
the village of Karbos, east of Gizan.
27 August 2003: One suspect arrested following a
raid on a house in Taif.
30 August 2003: Seizure of a cache of weapons and
ammunition, and the arrest of a number of suspects in
a raid in Madinah.
7 September 2003: Security authorities uncover a
large weapon smuggling operation in Jazan near the
Yemeni border.
9 September 2003: Yemeni authorities arrest Bandar
Abdurrahman Salim AI-Gamadi, a Saudi citizen, one of
the 19 fugitives who are known to have been involved
in the terrorist attacks of 12 May.
5 - 8 October 2003: Security forces uncover two more
terrorist cells, arrest seven men and confiscate
weapons and explosives.
Issued by: The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia,
London
Statement by HRH Prince Nayef, Minister of the Interior, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
22 October 2003

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was and is still at the forefront of nations
that terror made a target. It suffered a great deal of harm from terror as
well as serious consequences in various fields. In equal term, it bravely
stood up to this phenomenon of terror which is a combination of regional
and international elements. This stand is borne out of our Islamic belief
and strong conviction in fighting anything that brings harm or exposes
life to danger.

The experience of the Kingdom in fathoming this new phenomenon of

terror, which is becoming a threat to the whole world, has been deepened
and sharpened. This terror threatens to halt purposes and leaves serious
consequences on the people' security, not to mention the fear that it
breathes in the heart of peaceful peoples as well as halting the blessings
of life which God bestowed upon his creatures.

It is no surprise that the Kingdom has been, for a long time, calling to a
unified Arab strategy to fight terror. This unified strategy was adopted in
the Arab Interior Ministers Council and approved by the Arab Council's
Ministers of Justice and Information, and in a way that has not been seen
in any other society. This clearly reflects the credibility and effectiveness
of Arab efforts in fighting this phenomenon.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has also played its share in proposing and
promoting a comprehensive media campaign to raise the awareness of the
Arab citizens and nourish them with moral values and ethics against this
terror and its twisted ideology.
Ladies and Gentlemen,

The Kingdom's efforts in fighting terror are crystal clear and cannot be
denied by anyone except the cynical. These efforts are pursued on
bilateral, regional, international arenas and in areas of finance and
security as well as chasing terror cells and dealing with those involved or
sympathetic to terrorists, wherever they are.

What we are hoping for is that these efforts are appreciated and supported
by the international community and by those involved in fighting terror.
This is more useful than throwing accusations against others and in ways
that portray Islam and Muslims as the inventors of terrorism in total
disregard to the principles of this noble religion which prohibits terror
and the killing of innocents and considers any act of this nature as a crime
against humanity.

It is incumbent upon us all to detach ourselves from trading accusation

and stigmatisation of one society to the exclusion of others. It is
important that we all work together in a fruitful manner to stand up
against this phenomenon whose damages are not restricted to one nation
or to a certain peoples.

The Kingdom firmly confirms for the whole world its firm and public
stand against terrorism whatever its source and whoever its perpetrators.
It calls for a clear and precise definition of terrorism upon which all
nations agree in their efforts to fight terror and safeguard humanity from
its danger and destructive nature. This definition will lead to the
distinction between terrorism and the legitimate struggle of peoples for
self-determination, independence and territorial integrity. The confusion
 RUSI

over the two concepts is one f the reasons that stands in the way of
international efforts to fight terror. This clearly exposes every one of us
to the danger of terrorism, be it his security or stability, and thus the real
beneficiaries are those who believe in terror and promote its use for their
personal ends and in total disregard to human rights and the principles of
justice and equity.

To conclude, I personally wish success to every sincere effort made in the

fight against terror. And I hope that humanity lives in peace and security
and that co-operation and mutual respect are employed between nations
to bring happiness to mankind on the this small planet.
 Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia, London
October, 2003

Saudi Arabia's
Progress in the War on Terrorism

I vow to my fellow citizens and to the friends who reside among us, that the
State will be vigilant about their security and well-being. Our nation is capable,
by the Grace of God Almighty and the unity of its citizens, to confront and
destroy the threat posed by a deviant few and those who endorse or support
them. With the help of God Almighty, we shall prevail.
- HRH Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdulaziz, Deputy Prime Minister
and Commander of the National Guard 13 May, 2003
 Actions to Counter Terrorism
From September 2001 to May 2003:
• More than 300 terrorist suspects were arrested.
• About 100 suspects were referred to the courts to stand trial.
• More than 1,000 suspects were questioned.

Since May 2003:

• More than 150 individuals with suspected ties to terrorism have been arrested.
• Security officers have seized large quantities of high explosives, automatic rifles, bomb-making
materials and devices, false identity cards and documents, and large amounts of cash.

Some Specific Cases:

• Yousif Salih Fahad AI-Ayeeri, a.k.a. Swift Sword, a major AI-Qaeda operational planner and fund-
raiser, was killed on May 31 while fleeing from a security patrol.
• Ali Abdulrahman Said Alfagsi AI-Ghamdi a.k.a. Abu Bakr AI-Azdi, surrendered to Saudi authorities.
AI-Ghamdi, considered one of the top AI-Qaeda operatives in Saudi Arabia, is suspected of being
one of the masterminds of the May 12 bombings in Riyadh.
• Turk! Nasser Mishaal Aldandany, another top AI-Qaeda operative and mastermind of the May 12
bombings, was killed along with three other suspects in a gun battle with security forces that had
them surrounded.
• On 21 July, the Ministry of Interior announced that Saudi authorities had defused terrorist
operations which were about to be carried out against vital installations and arrested 16 members
of a number of terrorist cells after searching their hideouts in farms and houses in Riyadh Privince,
Qasim Privince and the Eastern Province.
• On 25 July three men were arrested at a checkpoint in Al Ka-akia district of Makkah for possessing
printed material that included a "religious edict" in support of terrorist acts against Western targets.
• On 28 July Saudi security forces killed six terrorist suspects and injured one more in a gunfight at a
farm in al-Qassim, 350 kilometres north of the capital Riyadh. Two Saudi policemen were killed and
eight had minor injuries. Four people who harboured the suspects were arrested.
• Three clerics, Ali Fahd AI-Khudair, Ahmed Hamoud Mufreh AI-Khaledi and Nasir Ahmed AI-Fuhaid,
were arrested after calling for support for the terrorists who carried out the Riyadh attacks.

International Cooperation
• Saudi Arabia and the United States maintain a Counter-Terrorism Committee comprised of
intelligence and law enforcement personnel who meet regularly to share information and resources
and develop action plans to root out terrorist networks.
• In May 2003 a new U.S.-Saudi team was organised from across law enforcement and intelligence
agencies to work side by side to share "real time" intelligence and conduct joint operations.
• Also in May 2003, Saudi authorities worked closely with U.S. and British law enforcement agents
who came to the Kingdom to assist in the investigation of the Riyadh attacks.
• Saudi Arabia has provided extensive intelligence and military cooperation in the assault on AI-
Qaeda. Public disclosures to date have revealed major Saudi contributions to the break-up of a
number of AI-Qaeda cells, the arrests of key AI-Qaeda commanders, and the capture of numerous
AI-Qaeda members.
• In 2002, Saudi Arabia asked Interpol to arrest 750 people, many of whom are suspected of money
laundering, drug trafficking, and terror-related activities. This figure includes 214 Saudis whose
names appear in Interpol's database in addition to expatriates who fled Saudi Arabia.
• Saudi Arabia is engaging other countries to locate and extradite AI-Qaeda operatives who may be
hiding in those countries.
 Actions Taken in the Financial Area
• Saudi government departments and banks are required to participate in international seminars and
conferences on combating terrorist-financing activities. Saudi Arabia has hosted many such events; and
is a member of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) established by the G-7 in 1988.
• Saudi Arabia completed and submitted two FATF self-assessment questionnaires: one regarding the 40
FATF recommendations on the prevention of money laundering and the other regarding its eight special
recommendations on terrorist financing.
• Saudi Arabia has established a High Commission for oversight of all charities, contributions and
donations.
• A special Financial Intelligence Unit was established to ensure that funds are not misdirected into the
hands of those who would use them to harm others.
• The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States took steps to freeze the assets of a close bin Laden
aide, Wa'el Hamza Julaidan, who is believed to have funnelled money to AI-Qaeda.
• In March 2002, the U.S. Treasury Department and Saudi Arabia blocked the accounts of the Somalia and
Bosnia branches of the AI-Haramain Islamic Foundation. While the Saudi headquarters for this private
charity is dedicated to helping those in need, it was determined that the Somalia and Bosnia branches
supported terrorist activities and terrorist organisations such as AI-Qaeda and AIAI (al-ltihaad al-lslamiya).
• In May 2003, Saudi Arabia asked the AI-Haramain Islamic Foundation and all Saudi charities to suspend
activities outside Saudi Arabia until a security clearance mechanism to screen all personnel was
implemented. The AI-Haramain Islamic Foundation has closed its offices in Croatia, Albania and Ethiopia.
Others to be closed include Kenya, Tanzania, Indonesia and Pakistan.
• In February 2003, SAMA began to implement a major technical program to train judges and investigators
on legal matters involving terror financing and money-laundering methods, international requirements for
financial secrecy, and methods followed by criminals to exchange information.
• Also in May 2003, the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) distributed a circular entitled Rules
Governing Combating Anti-Money Laundering and Combating Terrorist Financing to all banks and
financial institutions in the Kingdom requiring the full and immediate implementation of nine new policies
and procedures that relate to accounts of charitable and welfare institutions.
• In June 2003, the Consultative Council approved new legislation that puts in place harsh penalties for the
crime of money laundering and terror financing. The law consists of 29 articles and stipulates jail
sentences of up to 15 years and a fine of more than $1.5 million for anyone laundering money through
charities. Other money-laundering offences are punishable by up to 10 years in jail and a fine of $1.3
million.
• Saudi Arabia has investigated many bank accounts suspected of having links to terrorism and has frozen
41 accounts belonging to 7 individuals that totalled $5,697,400.85.

After the terrible attacks in Riyadh on 12 May, the government of Saudi Arabia has
intensified its long standing efforts against the AI-Qaeda network... Saudi's security
services apprehended Abu Bakr, believed to be a central figure in the Riyadh
bombing, and killed a major AI-Qaeda operational planner and fund-raiser, a man
known in terrorist circles as "Swift sword".
America and Saudi Arabia face a common terrorist threat, and we appreciate the
strong, continuing efforts of the Saudi government in fighting that threat.
- George W. Bush President of the United States July 1, 2003

Published by the Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia,

London October, 2003
 RUSI

Speaker & Chair Biographies

Vice Admiral Sir Jeremy Blackham KCB BA left the Royal Navy in 2002, after a career
spanning 41 years, culminating in three years as Deputy Chief of Defence Staff (Equipment
Capability). His other postings included: Director General, Naval Personnel Strategy and
Plans; a member of the Navy Board as Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff; and Deputy
Commander-in-Chief, Fleet. Since retiring from the Royal Navy, Admiral Blackham joined
the Board of Atmaana, is now Senior Military Adviser to EADS UK and has taken over as
Editor of the Naval Review. He is also an Associate Fellow of the Royal United Services
Institute for Defence Studies and is a very frequent writer and speaker on defence and
strategic affairs.

Stanley Bedlington was born in England. After spending 17 years in the British Colonial
Police Service (in Palestine, Malaya and North Borneo) he emigrated to the United States,
where he attended the University of California at Berkeley (BA, Oriental Languages) and
Cornell University (MA and Ph.D. in Government). His doctoral dissertation focused on
the Muslims of Singapore. He is also the author of Malaya and Singapore: The Building of
New States (Cornell University Press, 1978) and Combatting Interntional Terrorism
(Atlantic Council of the United States), Washington DC, 1986. Bedlington joined the US
Department of State in 1976 as intelligence analyst and moved to the Central Intelligence
Agency in 1977, from where he retired in 1994 with the position of Senior Analyst,
Counterterrorist Center. Both before and after his retirement Bedlington travelled
frequently to the Middle East and Turkey. Bedlington is now Senior Consultant for Middle
Eastern Affairs with Argus International and also a consultant with the private sector
Center for the Study of Counterintelligence and Counterterrorism. Bedlington frequently
appears on British, US and other television and radio programs (BBC, CNN, Fox, NBC,
Radio Istanbul) and is quoted in US newspapers such as The Washington Post, The
Christian Science Monitor, and the Gannett Newspapers.

Anthony H. Cordesman holds the Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at the Center for
Strategic & International Studies in Washington D.C. He is also a national security analyst
for ABC News, and his television commentary has been featured prominently during the
Gulf War, Desert Fox, the conflict in Kosovo, and the fighting in Afghanistan. During his
time at CSIS, Professor Cordesman has been director of the Gulf Net Assessment Project
and the Gulf in Transition study, and principal investigator of the CSIS Homeland Defense
Project. He has led studies on national missile defense, asymmetric warfare and weapons
of mass destruction, and critical infrastructure protection. He has also written on U.S.
defense programs and force transformation, the Western military balance, the nuclear
balance, arms control in the Arab-Israeli military balance, the economic stability of North
Africa, the Asian military balance, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
He directed the CSIS Middle East Net Assessment Proeram and acted as codirector of the
 RUSI

CSIS Strategic Energy Initiative. He is the author of a wide range of studies on U.S.
security policy, energy policy, and Middle East policy, a number of which are available on
the CSIS Web site (www.csis.org). Professor Cordesman has previously served as national
security assistant to Senator John McCain of the Senate Armed Services Committee, as
director of intelligence assessment in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, as civilian
assistant to the deputy secretary of defense, and as director of policy and planning for
resource applications in the Department of Energy. He has also served in numerous other
government positions, including in the State Department and on NATO International
Staff, and he has had numerous foreign assignments, including posts in Lebanon, Egypt,
and Iran, with extensive work in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. Professor Cordesman is the
author of more than 20 books, including a four-volume series on the lessons of modern
war. His recent books include Terrorism, Asymmetric Warfare, and Weapons of Mass
Destruction (Praeger, 2002), Cyber-threats, Information Warfare, and Critical
Infrastructure Protection (Praeger, 2002), Strategic Threats and National Missile Defenses
(Praeger, 2002), The Lessons and Non-Lessons of the Air and Missile Campaign in Kosovo
(Praeger, 2001), Peace and War (Praeger, 2001), A Tragedy of Arms (Praeger, 2001), Iraq
and the War of Sanctions (Praeger, 2000), and Iran's Military Forces in Transition (Praeger,
2000). He has been awarded the Department of Defense Distinguished Service Medal. A
former adjunct professor of national security studies at Georgetown University, he has
twice been a Wilson Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars at the
Smithsonian Institution.

Bill Durodie is Senior Research Fellow at King's College London. His main research
interests are the Domestic Management of Terrorist Attacks; The Psychological Impact of
War and Terror; Risk Regulation and the Precautionary Principle; and Trust, Expertise
and Public Participation in Decision-making. He was educated at the Imperial College of
Science & Technology, the London School of Economics & Political Science and the
University of Oxford. He worked as a European advisor within both the private and public
sectors, including a secondment to the Government Office for London.
He is Project Co-ordinator for the ESRC-funded Domestic Management of Terrorist
Attacks programme within the International Policy Institute of King's College London; and
was Advisor to the Prime Minister's Cabinet Office Strategy Unit study 'The Costs and
Benefits of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops'.

Recent publications include: 'Poisonous Dummies: European Risk Regulation after BSE'
(European Science and Environment Forum, Cambridge, 1999), 'Plastic Panics' (chapter in
Rethinking Risk and the Precautionary Principle, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000), Trust
comes from Expertise' (chapter in Science: Can We Trust the Experts?, Hodder &
Stoughton, 2002), 'The Demoralization of Science' (paper for the Demoralization: Morality,
Authority & Power conference, Cardiff, 2002), 'Perception and Threat: Why Vulnerability-
led Responses will Fail' (Security Monitor, RUSI, London, November 2002), 'Resilience or
Panic? The public and terrorist attack' (with S.Wessely, The Lancet, Vol. 360, Issue 9349,
 RUSI

December 2002), 'The True Cost of Precautionary Chemicals Regulation' (Risk Analysis,
forthcoming, 2003).

Frank Gardner is the BBC's full-time Security Correspondent. He reports on all aspects of
the 'War on Terrorism' for BBC TV, Radio and News Online. A Royal Television Society
award nominee, he was previously the BBC Middle East Correspondent, based in Cairo.
As a fluent Arabic-speaker and graduate in Arabic & Islamic Studies, he has reported from
all over the Arab world, focusing especially on Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. Recently, his
investigations into the Al-Qaeda movement have taken him to remote parts of Saudi
Arabia, Yemen and the Horn of Africa, as well as to Guantanamo Bay, the USA and all
over Europe. Frank Gardner has been visiting Saudi Arabia regularly since the 1980s, first
as a businessman and then as a journalist. He covered both of Prime Minister Tony Blair's
official visits, as well as the British nurses story, the mass exodus of illegal workers, the
opening up of the Saudi tourism industry and the underground opposition to the ruling
family. His Newsnight and 10 o'clock News films this summer gave an unprecedented
firsthand insight into how Saudi Arabia is tackling terrorism.

Sir Andrew Green was a professional diplomat for 35 years. After studying Arabic, he
spent half his career in the Middle East where he served in six posts. The remainder of his
service was divided between London, Paris and Washington. He was Consul General in
Riyadh (1985-88), then Ambassador in Syria (1991-94) and subsequently Director for the
Middle East in the Foreign Office, before serving for four and a half years as Ambassador
in Saudi Arabia (1996-2000). He retired in June 2000. He has since devoted his time to
charity work. He is Chairman of Medical Aid for Palestinians, a British charity seeking to
improve health care for Palestinians both in Palestine and in refugee camps. He is a
member of the Advisory Board of the Sudan Peace Building Programme, working to
rebuild relationships in that war torn country. And he is a board member of Christian
Solidarity Worldwide, a human rights organisation which speaks for Christians and others
around the world who are suffering persecution for their beliefs. He is presently chair of
Migration Watch UK, an independent thinktank.

Khaled Al Maeena is the Editor in Chief of Arab News, Saudi Arabia's first English
language newspaper. A well known editor, journalist and business man in Saudi Arabia, he
has been editor in chief of Arab News, the largest English Daily in the Middle East for over
fifteen years. He is an anchorman on Saudi television (STV) and has hosted popular talk
shows. He has also worked as a TV programme director. He has represented Saudi media
at several important summit meetings in the Arab world including the Arab summits of
Baghdad and Morocco. He was a member of the Saudi Arabian diplomatic delegation to
the People's Republic of China, and Russia after diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia were established. Al-Maeena has lectured in universities around the world
and has been interviewed by various publications and TV organisations. Mr Al Maeena is
also well known as a regular political and social columnist for Gulf News - Dubia Asharq
Al Awsat, Al-Madina, Arab News, Times of Oman and the China Post. He is fluent in
 FLU SI

English, Arabic and Urdu.

Talal Ahmed Alkhereiji is a financial and investment analyst. He currently works as a

senior member of the Treasury Division of the National Commercial Bank. He was
previously with the Treasury Division of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency. He has a
doctorate in Arab Studies and International Business from Edmund Walsh School of
Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington USA. Alkhereiji was living on the Al-
Hamra Compound in Riyadh when it was attacked by terrorists in May this year.

Dame Pauline Neville-Jones is Chairman of QinetiQ Group pic, Chairman of the IAAC,
and an International Governor of the BBC with particular responsibility for external
broadcasting, notably the BBC World Service (radio and online) and BBC World
(television). Prior to that, she was a career member of the British Diplomatic Service
serving, among other places, in Singapore, Washington DC, the European Commission in
Brussels and Bonn. She was a foreign affairs adviser to Prime Minister John Major, chairman
of the Joint Intelligence Committee in Whitehall (1991- 1994) and, as Political Director in
the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, leader of the British delegation to the Dayton
peace conference on Bosnia in 1995. She is a graduate of Oxford University and was a
Harkness Fellow of the Commonwealth Fund in the United States (1961-1963). She was
made a Dame of the Order of St Michael and St George (DCMG) in 1996, and a Governor,
The Ditchley Foundation.

Dr Magnus Ranstorp is Director of Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political
Violence at the University of St Andrews, Scotland. He is the author of Hizballah in
Lebanon and other numerous articles and monographs on terrorism and counter-terrorism.
He is on the International Editorial Advisory Board of the academic journal Studies in
Conflict and Terrorism and on the Editorial Board of Cambridge Review of International
Affairs. He is currently completing another book on the Lebanese Hizballah as well as an
edited book entitled In the Service ofAl-Qaeda. He is internationally recognised as a leading
expert on Hizbullah, Hamas, al-Qaeda and other militant Islamic movements. He has
conducted extensive field work around the world, interviewing hundreds of terrorists as
well as members of militant Islamic movements. His work on the behaviour of the
Hizballah movement was recognized by Israeli media in March 2000 as among the
contributing factors leading to the decision by the Israeli government to withdraw from
southern Lebanon. Dr Ranstorp has briefed many senior government and security officials
from around the world and lectures regularly to most major universities, think tanks and
intergovernmental organisations. In 2003, he was invited to testify before the 9-11
Commission in a panel on "The Attackers, Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism Policy". He
was a CNN principal consultant on Terrorism before and after 11 September 2001 and he is
currently directing a CSTPV/CNN project on Al-Qaeda's network around the world. He is
also Visiting Professor at the Swedish National Defence College in Stockholm.

Malise Ruthven is the author of Islam in the World (Penguin books/Oxford University
 jfa mmm
JL g|g RU S I

Press 1984/2000) The Divine Supermarket: Shopping for God in America (Chatto/ William
Morrow 1989) A Satanic Affair: Salman Rushdie and the Wrath of Islam (Hogarth 1990) and
several other books. His Islam: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 1997/2000) has been
published in several languages, including Chinese, Korean, Romanian, Polish, Italian and
German. The Japanese version will appear next year. His most recent book A Fury for
God: The Islamist Attack on America (Granta Books June 2002, with an updated version
due to appear next January) explores the religious and ideological background behind the
atrocity of 9 /11. A former scriptwriter with the BBC Arabic and World Services, he holds
an MA in English Literature and a PhD in Social and Political Sciences from Cambridge
University. He has taught Islamic studies, cultural history and comparative religion at the
University of Aberdeen, at the University of California, San Diego, at Dartmouth College,
New Hampshire and at the Colorado College, Colorado. His latest book Fundamentalism:
The Search for Meaning will be published by Oxford in January. He is currently working on
the text for a Historical Atlas of Islam to be published by Harvard University Press next
year.

Rogaia Al Shuaibi graduated from George Washington University with a BA in

Psychology. She is currently director general of Al Nahda Philanthropic Society for
Women, a post she has held since 1992. She is also a member of the International Who's
Who's Of Professionals and the International Association of Business Leaders.

Julie Sirrs attended Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service where she majored
in International Security Studies and received a certificate in Russian Area Studies with a
thesis focusing on Tajikistan. She holds a Master's degree and pursued graduate course
work in Georgetown's National Security Studies Program. From 1995-1999, Ms. Sirrs was
an intelligence officer for military capabilities with the Defense Intelligence Agency where
she focused on Afghanistan, Iran, and terrorism. She served on the task force investigating
the Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia in 1996, helping to track the movements of
suspects involved in that attack. She traveled to Saudi Arabia shortly after the incident as
part of a team investigating Iranian involvement in the region. It was during this same time
that Usama bin Ladin returned to Afghanistan, and Ms. Sirrs was the first analyst to write
on the significance of this move. Since leaving DIA, Ms. Sirrs has become a private sector
consultant specializing in terrorism and the South/Central Asian area. She currently serves
as an analyst for Almanac Publications, Ltd. and has helped produce several terrorism-
related documentaries for MSNBC. She has also authored a number of studies on
Afghanistan and Central Asia for the Department of Defense and other government
agencies.

Ms. Sirrs has written extensively on topics related to her expertise for a variety of
publications including The National Interest, the Middle East Intelligence Bulletin, the
Middle East Quarterly, and Jane's Terrorism and Security Monitor. She is the author of the
most detailed publicly-available report on al Qaida's fighters in Afghanistan and in 1999 was
the first American to interview those militants held as POWs. A Wall Street Journal profile
 RUSI

described her as having "...more firsthand experience with these [al Qaida] forces than all
but a handful of Americans." She contributed a chapter analyzing the success of the US-led
anti-terror campaign for the book Afghanistan and 9/11: Anatomy of a Conflict, which was
published in November 2002.

Ms. Sirrs has appeared frequently on television and radio, commenting on regional events
and US policy for CNN, NBC, ABC, and National Public Radio. She is regularly quoted by
national and foreign newspapers, including The New York Times, the Wall Street Journal,
the Washington Post, USA Today, the Boston Globe, and the Jerusalem Post. She has been
a featured speaker at the Middle East Institute, the Washington Institute for Near East
Policy, Johns Hopkins and American Universities, and has also testified before Congress.
Ms. Sirrs has traveled widely in the Persian Gulf region as well as South and Central Asia.
Many of these trips involved Afghanistan, including the period prior to the Taliban's
collapse in areas controlled both by that militia as well as by the Afghan resistance.

HRH Prince Turki Al Faisal Ibn Abdulaziz is the eighth son of the late King Faisal. Aged
57, he was born and brought up in Makkah Al Mukkarramah. Prince Turki has held a
number of positions within the Saudi government. His first job was as a counsellor to the
Royal Diwan. In 1997 he was appointed as Director of the Intelligence Organisation in the
Kiingdom, a position he held until 31 August 2001. He is married to Princess Nauf bint
Fahd and has three sons, three daughters and one grandchild. He took up the post of Saudi
Ambassador to Great Britain and Ireland in January 2003.

Dr Ahmad S. Turkistani is an associate professor at the Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud

Islamic University in Riyadh. He is the former director of the Institute of Islamic and Arabic
Sciences in Washington DC and has recently been appointed as a member of the newly
formed Saudi Human Rights Committee (NGO). Dr Turkastani has a doctorate in mass
communication from Indiana University. He has lectured internationally on Islam and was
a member of the Muslim World League delegation which toured the US. He has attended
international conferences on Islamic issues for the last 25 years and has lectured and
conducted seminars and workshops on Islam.
Countering Terrorism: The Experience of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
22 October 2003

Further Information

Registration - Registration will begin at 0900 on 22 October 2003, in the Reception of the Royal
United Services Institute. Coffee will be available at this time. Badges will be given to each
delegate upon registration. Badges should be worn to aid both identification and prompt delivery
of messages. At the end of the conference we would be most grateful if you could return your
badges to the RUSI staff.
Conference membership badges will be colour coded as follows:
• Speakers - Red
• Delegates - White
• RUSI staff-Purple

Dress - The dress throughout the Conference is business dress or uniform.

Mobile Telephones - Please ensure that mobile telephones and pagers are switched off at all
times when in the building.

Documentation - Unfortunately it has not been possible to receive advanced copies of every
presentation. Copies will be made available during the day of the Conference.

Questions - we are keen to encourage discussion and there will be a possibility to ask questions
to the speakers at the end of their presentations. Please wait for the session chairman to invite
you to ask your questions. We would be grateful if you would identify both yourself and
your organisation before asking your question.

No Smoking - Please refrain from smoking at all times.

Security - Please ensure safe-keeping of any valuables. RUSI cannot be held responsible for lost
or stolen property. We advise delegates to make their own arrangements to store excess
baggage, otherwise all such baggage must be carried with you at all times.

Disclaimer - The information contained in the presentations is the opinion of the speakers. It is
not that of RUSI. RUSI accepts no responsibility for the content of the papers.

Copyright - The conference documentation is under copyright of RUSI and the speaker. It may
be reproduced only with permission of RUSI and the speaker.

Please feel free to contact Sabrina Downey or any other member of RUSI staff for further
assistance or information. We hope you enjoy the conference.
 RUSI

Jamal Ahmad Khashoggi

Age: 45 years
Place of birth: Medina
Primary & Secondary Education: Schools at Medina
University Education: Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from Indiana State
University, USA.
Professional Experience:
July 2003: Media Advisor to the Saudi Arabian Ambassador in London.
March - May 2003 Editor in Chief, ALWATAN Daily
1999 - 2003: Deputy Editor-in-Chief, ARAB NEWS daily.
1991 - 1999: Correspondent of London-based AL-HAYAT Arabic daily in Saudi Arabia and
also covered important events in Afghanistan, Algeria, Kuwait, Sudan and Middle East.
1990 - 1991: Managing Editor and acting editor in chief of AL-MADINAH Arabic daily.
1987 - 1990: Correspondent for AL-SHARQ AL-AWSAT Arabic daily, AL-MAJALLAH and
AL-MUSLIMOON weeklies and covered events such as second Gulf War and Afghan War.
1985 - 1987: Reporter for SAUDI GAZETTE daily and Assistant Manager of Information
Center at OKAZ newspaper.
1983 - 1984: Regional Manager at Tihama in Jeddah region and sales manager at Tihama
Bookstores.
Conferences & Meetings attended:
Council on Foreign Relations, New York.
American University. World Peace Council. Washington. D.C.
Oxford Center for Islamic Studies, Oxford.
The Royal Institute, London.
Middle East Study Center, University of New York.
- Al-Ahram Study C enter - C airo.
Rockefeller Foundation, New York and Italy
Regular political commentator for Local Saudi Channel, MBC, BBC, Aljazera TV, Abu
Dubai and Dubai TV.
Write a weekly column in Al Madina news paper, Beirut's Daily Star, Kuwait's Alrai Alam
and Doha's Al Sharq and occasionally in several Arab And international publications.