Flow Chart Radio-Network-Optimization-Guidelines PDF

RAN 6.
Radio Network Optimization Guidelines
Issue Date Part Number
01 2007-08-30
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RAN Radio Network Optimization Guidelines
Contents
Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................1 1 Introduction to Network Optimization.................................................................................1-1
1.1 Triggering Conditions of Radio Network Optimization.................................................................................1-2 1.2 Flow Chart for Radio Network Optimization.................................................................................................1-2
2 Network Optimization Startup...............................................................................................2-1

2.1 Setup of Network Optimization Team............................................................................................................2-2 2.2 Establishment of Network Optimization and Acceptance Counters...............................................................2-2 2.3 Preparations of Network Optimization Tools.................................................................................................2-3
3 Single Site Verification.............................................................................................................3-1

3.1 Single Site Test Preparations...........................................................................................................................3-3 3.2 Single Site Verification Test...........................................................................................................................3-3
4 RF Optimization.........................................................................................................................4-1
4.1 RF optimization Test Preparations..................................................................................................................4-3 4.2 RF optimization Data Collection.....................................................................................................................4-3 4.3 RF Optimization Data Analysis......................................................................................................................4-4 4.4 RF Optimization Implementation....................................................................................................................4-5
5 Service Optimization.................................................................................................................5-1
5.1 Service Optimization Data Collection.............................................................................................................5-4 5.2 Service Optimization Data Analysis...............................................................................................................5-4 5.3 Service Optimization Implementation............................................................................................................5-6
6 Network Acceptance..................................................................................................................6-1
6.1 Network Acceptance Counters........................................................................................................................6-2 6.1.1 Drive Test Counters...............................................................................................................................6-2 6.1.2 Performance Counters............................................................................................................................6-4 6.2 Contents of Network Acceptance Report........................................................................................................6-5
7 Network Optimization Tools...................................................................................................7-1

7.1 Probe................................................................................................................................................................7-2 7.2 Assistant..........................................................................................................................................................7-2 7.3 Nastar..............................................................................................................................................................7-6
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Figures
Figures
Figure 1-1 Flow chart for radio network optimization.........................................................................................1-3 Figure 2-1 Organization of the optimization team...............................................................................................2-2 Figure 3-1 Flow chart for single site verification.................................................................................................3-2 Figure 4-1 Flow chart for RF optimization..........................................................................................................4-2 Figure 5-1 Flow chart for service optimization....................................................................................................5-2
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Tables
Tables
Table 2-1 Tools required for radio network optimization....................................................................................2-3 Table 6-1 3G network KPI of the drive test and cell quality test.........................................................................6-2 Table 6-2 3G network quality KPI of performance data......................................................................................6-4 Table 7-1 Functions of the Assistant....................................................................................................................7-3 Table 7-2 Functions of Nastar..............................................................................................................................7-7
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About This Document
About This Document
Purpose
Radio network optimization adjusts the radio network planning according to principles. Radio network optimization ensures more economic and reliable operation and enhances network service quality and network resource use. Radio network optimization also provides experiences for the future network expansion. This document describes the RAN radio network optimization. The phases of the radio network optimization are: project startup, single site verification, RF optimization, service optimization, and network acceptance.
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document. Product Name RNC NodeB Version V200R009 V100R008
Intended Audience
This document is intended for:
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Network planners
Update History
See Changes in RAN Network Optimization Guidelines.
Organization
1 Introduction to Network Optimization Radio network optimization adjusts the radio network planning according to principles. Radio network optimization ensures more economic and reliable operation and enhances network service quality and network resource use. Radio network optimization also provides experiences for the future network expansion. 2 Network Optimization Startup
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About This Document
Network optimization startup consists of forming the optimization team, preparing tools, and determining acceptance counters. 3 Single Site Verification Single site verification checks the site performance and cell performance. Single site verification is a self-test of the cell equipment performance. Single site verification guarantees the basic cell functions (access, call, and handover) before the RF optimization. 4 RF Optimization The purposes of the RF optimization consists of optimizing the signal coverage, controlling the noise interference and pilot pollution, and ensuring the proper signal coverage for future service optimization. 5 Service Optimization During the service optimization, you can optimize the service and make the network counters meet the acceptance requirements. The service optimization analyzes the drive test data and performance data to solve service problems and improve the network counters to meet the acceptance requirements. 6 Network Acceptance Based on the performance data and drive test, the network acceptance checks if the optimized network meets the optimization counters, evaluate the optimized network quality, and display the network optimization. 7 Network Optimization Tools Network optimization tools are used for data collection, data analysis and can simplify the network optimization and improve the working efficiency. The tools that you use during network optimization are: Probe, Assistant, and Nastar.
Conventions
1. Symbol Conventions The following symbols may be found in this document. They are defined as follows Symbol Description Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk that, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could cause equipment damage, data loss, and performance degradation, or unexpected results. Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save your time.
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DANGER
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About This Document
Symbol
NOTE
Description Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.
2. General Conventions Convention Times New Roman Boldface Italic Courier New 3. Command Conventions Convention Boldface Italic [] {x | y | ...} [ x | y | ... ] { x | y | ... } * [ x | y | ... ] * Description The keywords of a command line are in boldface. Command arguments are in italic. Items (keywords or arguments) in square brackets [ ] are optional. Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars.One is selected. Optional alternative items are grouped in square brackets and separated by vertical bars.One or none is selected. Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars.A minimum of one or a maximum of all can be selected. Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars.A minimum of zero or a maximum of all can be selected. Description Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman. Names of files,directories,folders,and users are in boldface. For example,log in as user root . Book titles are in italics. Terminal display is in Courier New.
4. GUI Conventions Convention Boldface > Description Buttons,menus,parameters,tabs,window,and dialog titles are in boldface. For example,click OK. Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">" signs. For example,choose File > Create > Folder .
5. Keyboard Operation
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Convention Key Key1+Key2 Key1,Key2
Description Press the key.For example,press Enter and press Tab. Press the keys concurrently.For example,pressing Ctrl+Alt+A means the three keys should be pressed concurrently. Press the keys in turn.For example,pressing Alt,A means the two keys should be pressed in turn.
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1 Introduction to Network Optimization
Introduction to Network Optimization
About This Chapter

Radio network optimization adjusts the radio network planning according to principles. Radio network optimization ensures more economic and reliable operation and enhances network service quality and network resource use. Radio network optimization also provides experiences for the future network expansion. 1.1 Triggering Conditions of Radio Network Optimization The optimization can be triggered in the phase of network construction or network maintenance. 1.2 Flow Chart for Radio Network Optimization The phases of the radio network optimization are: project startup, single site verification, RF optimization, service optimization, and network acceptance.
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1.1 Triggering Conditions of Radio Network Optimization

The optimization can be triggered in the phase of network construction or network maintenance.
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Network construction Radio network optimization adjusts the operational network planning to better the quality and efficiency of the radio network.
Network maintenance If the changes of propagation environment and traffic volume make the network quality goes worse, the network optimization is triggered and network parameters are modified to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the network.
1.2 Flow Chart for Radio Network Optimization

The phases of the radio network optimization are: project startup, single site verification, RF optimization, service optimization, and network acceptance. Figure 1-1 shows the flow chart for radio network optimization.
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Figure 1-1 Flow chart for radio network optimization
Phase Project preparations and startup Single site verification
Description According to requirements of the operator for WCDMA network, discuss and determine the final optimization target. This target is one of the criteria for network acceptance. The radio network optimization group takes part in the optimization when the site begins to carry service. The site verification includes the following:
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Verify that the site runs properly and the data configuration is consistent with the radio network plan. Collect the information about the site and the surrounding environment for the future optimization.
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Phase RF optimization
Description Radio Frequency (RF) optimization ensures the signal coverage in the network and solves the service problems caused by the RF. Network optimization is based on clusters. The cluster refers to several sites belonging to the same NodeB. The RF optimization bases on drive test data. The overlapped area should also be optimized.
Service optimization
Service optimization is based on both the drive test data and the performance data. Service optimization is a supplement to RF optimization. Service optimization solve service problems, such as access failure, call drop, and handover failure.
Network acceptance
According to requirements of the operator, accept the whole network. The network Key Performance Indicator (KPI) should meet the requirements of the operator.
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2 Network Optimization Startup
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About This Chapter
Network Optimization Startup
Network optimization startup consists of forming the optimization team, preparing tools, and determining acceptance counters. 2.1 Setup of Network Optimization Team During the project preparations and setup, you should at first determine the organization and members of the optimization team. 2.2 Establishment of Network Optimization and Acceptance Counters As the goal of the network optimization, the optimization and acceptance counters must be settled before the network optimization. 2.3 Preparations of Network Optimization Tools Every optimization team must have at least one set of drive test tools.
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2.1 Setup of Network Optimization Team

During the project preparations and setup, you should at first determine the organization and members of the optimization team. Figure 2-1 shows the organization of the optimization team. Figure 2-1 Organization of the optimization team
2.2 Establishment of Network Optimization and Acceptance Counters

As the goal of the network optimization, the optimization and acceptance counters must be settled before the network optimization. For a network with high quality, the following key indicators should be focused on:
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Coverage ratio Call drop rate Outgoing access ratio Incoming access ratio Soft handover rate Hard handover rate Mean throughput of Packet Switched (PS) service
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Acceptance counters are of drive test data and performance data. The acceptance counters vary with different types of network.
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For the new network with few users, most acceptance counters are drive test data. For a network that has operated for a period and possesses lots of users, the acceptance counters consists of both drive test data and performance data.
The specific acceptance counters are determined after the discussion with the operator.
2.3 Preparations of Network Optimization Tools

Every optimization team must have at least one set of drive test tools. Every optimization team must have at least one set of drive test tools, as shown in Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Tools required for radio network optimization Tool Function Software tools Probe Assistant Nastar Collecting drive test data Analyzing drive test data Checking the parameter configuration Hardware tools Pilot receiver UE under test Laptop Receiving signals from WCDMA cell pilot channel Testing WCDMA services
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3 Single Site Verification
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Single Site Verification
Single site verification checks the site performance and cell performance. Single site verification is a self-test of the cell equipment performance. Single site verification guarantees the basic cell functions (access, call, and handover) before the RF optimization. The purposes of single site verification are described as follows: Through single site verification, the equipment faults can be separated from other problems during optimization. For example, the call drop and access failure resulting from equipment fault is different from call drop and access failure caused by network coverage problem. This differentiation is good for problem location, which can enhance network optimization efficiency. Through single site verification, the personnel can collect the information of site location, site configuration, and surrounding radio environment for future optimization.
The single site verification procedure comprises test preparation, single site test, and correcting problems. Figure 3-1 shows the flow chart for single site verification.
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Figure 3-1 Flow chart for single site verification
When all the cells are verified and no equipment fault exists, the single site verification is complete. The next phase is RF optimization. 3.1 Single Site Test Preparations During the single site test preparations, you should perform the tasks of checking site status, checking data configuration, and choosing cell to be tested. 3.2 Single Site Verification Test During the single site test, check if problems of equipment performance and installation are present, and then output the test result .
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3.1 Single Site Test Preparations

During the single site test preparations, you should perform the tasks of checking site status, checking data configuration, and choosing cell to be tested. The single site test preparations consist of the following tasks:
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Checking site status Before the site test, prepare the checklist of the NodeBs and their cells and ensure that the cells are in proper status.
Collecting and checking data configuration Before the site test, collect the planned data configuration and the data configuration in the RNC, and check if the data configuration in the RNC is consistent with the planned data configuration.
Choosing cell to be tested During the equipment performance test, choose the cell whose signal is stronger than its neighbors.
Other preparations

The site under test is allowed to transmit power. Obtain the number of the UE under test. Check if the UE is a test UE in project mode or a data card. Check if the UE battery is fully charged. Print the test forms. Collect the information of site location, Cell ID, scramble, site azimuth, and antenna azimuth.
3.2 Single Site Verification Test

During the single site test, check if problems of equipment performance and installation are present, and then output the test result . Tasks you should perform during the single site test are as follows:
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Verifying site configuration
Frequency check: check if the frequency of the cell to be tested is consistent with the planned data. Scrambling code check: check if the scramble of the cell to be tested is consistent with the planned data. LAC/RAC check: check if the LAC/RAC of the cell to be tested is consistent with the planned data.
Verifying site coverage CPICH_RSCP/CPICH_EcIo check around the site:
Check if the CPICH_RSCP/CPICH_EcIo received by the UE is higher or lower than the threshold.
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Check the problems of power amplification, antenna and feeder connection, antenna placement. Check if the antenna downtilt and azimuth do not meet the planning because of the environment changes. Voice service dialup test: check if the voice service function works properly. Video Phone (VP) service dialup test: check if the VP service function works properly. PS service dialup test: check if the PS service function works properly.
Call test

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RF Optimization
The purposes of the RF optimization consists of optimizing the signal coverage, controlling the noise interference and pilot pollution, and ensuring the proper signal coverage for future service optimization. The tasks you should perform during RF optimization are as follows: Optimizing signal coverage

Optimize the coverage hole to ensure the continuous coverage of the pilot signals. Optimize the dominant cells to ensure that the area they cover is neither large nor small and the overlapped areas are clear. For the downlink, Interference is represented by good CPICH RSCP and poor CPICH Ec/Io. For the uplink, an interference problem exists if the NodeB RTWP is high. Find the interference source and solve the interference problem. Pilot pollution means that several pilots exist in the same area without a dominant pilot. Pilot pollution causes more downlink interference, frequent handovers (cause call drop), and less network capacity. Modify the engineering parameters to solve this problem. Optimize the neighbor configuration. Solve the problems of access and call drop. These problems occur during the tests.
Optimizing interference
Optimizing pilot pollution

Optimizing other problems

Figure 4-1 shows the flow chart for RF optimization.
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Figure 4-1 Flow chart for RF optimization
4.1 RF optimization Test Preparations During the RF optimization test preparations, you should perform the tasks of determining optimization target, grouping clusters, determining test course, and preparing tools and materials. 4.2 RF optimization Data Collection During the RF optimization data collection, you should gather UE and Scanner data through drive test, indoor measurement, and signal tracing. You should also gathers call tracing data at the RNC side and RNC configuration data, and check if the data meet the requirement. 4.3 RF Optimization Data Analysis Through the RF optimization data analysis, you can locate and analyze coverage problem, pilot pollution problem, and handover failure. 4.4 RF Optimization Implementation During the RF optimization implementation, you can modify the engineering parameters and cell parameters to meet the KPIs.
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4.1 RF optimization Test Preparations

During the RF optimization test preparations, you should perform the tasks of determining optimization target, grouping clusters, determining test course, and preparing tools and materials. Tasks you should perform during the RF optimization test preparations are described as follows:
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Determining optimization target The RF-related KPIs consist of the following items:

Coverage ratio Soft handover rate Pilot pollution rate
Grouping clusters Because of the technical characteristics of UMTS network system, such as cell breathing, frequency multiplexing factor being 1, RF optimization should be conducted on a group of NodeB sites.
Determining test course Before the drive test, determine the test course after a discussion with the operator. If the drive test acceptance course is determined, the KPI test course should cover the acceptance course.
Preparing tools and materials
4.2 RF optimization Data Collection

During the RF optimization data collection, you should gather UE and Scanner data through drive test, indoor measurement, and signal tracing. You should also gathers call tracing data at the RNC side and RNC configuration data, and check if the data meet the requirement. The methods of RF optimization data collection are described as follows:
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Drive test According to planned service type (full coverage), drive test may choose one of the following tasks:
The continuous VP service test: This test use Scanner and is applicable only to the 3G network, which does not carry service during the test. The continuous Voice service test: This test use Scanner and is applicable only to the 3G network, which does not carry service during the test. The continuous PS384K service test: This test use Scanner and is applicable only to the 3G network, which does not carry service during the test.
Indoor measurement Indoor measurement measures the full coverage service. This test is required by commercial office (with contract) and pilot office (with planning). Its testing method is the same as that of the drive test. The indoor measurement is mainly conducted at the following places:
Indoor coverage zone, such as building, mall, and subway

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Places of high importance, such as government building and gym The test area required by the operator, such as Very Important Cell (VIC) and Very Important Person (VIP).
Drive test and indoor measurement are two major methods of data collection. Drive test is mandatory. Indoor measurement is optional according to the contract or planning.
4.3 RF Optimization Data Analysis

Through the RF optimization data analysis, you can locate and analyze coverage problem, pilot pollution problem, and handover failure.
Coverage Analysis
Coverage analysis is the key part of the RF optimization. The coverage analysis focuses on signal distribution. Coverage analysis consists of the following activities:
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Downlink Coverage analysis Uplink Coverage analysis
The common coverage problems are as follows:

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Coverage hole or cells with poor coverage If the scramble of some cell cannot be detected according to the result of the drive test, it means that some NodeB does not transmit power or its antenna is blocked.
Cross-covering cell If a cell cross covers, its signal exists in its second-circle neighbors. Cross coverage may result from NodeB height or improper tilt. Cross-covering cell cause interference to its neighbors and reduce network capacity. Cross coverage may be solved by increasing the antenna tilt and height. Do not create a coverage hole when solving cross-covering cell problem.
An area without dominant cell This area does not have a dominant cell or the dominant cell changes too frequently. Handover occurs too frequently in an area without dominant cell. The network performance is less efficient. The call drop rate increases. Adjust the antenna tilt and azimuth to strengthen the coverage of one cell (the closer one) and weaken the coverage of other cells (the distant ones) to solve this problem.
The procedure for coverage analysis is described as follows:

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Downlink coverage analysis is on the CPICH RSCP from the drive test.
The CPICH RSCP that is lower than the threshold value proves downlink coverage problem. Analyze the near-far relation of the coverage hole with its neighbor and the surrounding environment of the coverage hole. Then check whether the CPICH RSCP distribution of its neighboring NodeBs is normal. Adjust the antenna tilt and azimuth to improve the coverage. Do not create new coverage hole when solving the coverage hole problem. If the coverage hole problem cannot be solved by antenna adjustment, add new NodeBs.
Uplink coverage analysis is on the UE Tx Power from the drive test.

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The UE TX Power is higher than the threshold value proves uplink coverage problem. For the area with both problems, solve the downlink coverage problem before solving the uplink problem. For the area with only uplink coverage problem, solve the problem by clearing uplink interference, adjusting antenna tilt and azimuth, and adding TMAs.
Interference Analysis
Interference affects cell capacity and result in call drop and access failure. Interference analysis consists of the downlink interference analysis and uplink interference analysis.
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Downlink interference analysis: if the CPICH Ec/Io is lower than the threshold value and the RSCP meets the counter, the downlink interference exists. If the RSCP is poor too, it is the coverage problem. Uplink interference analysis: High RTWP with low traffic volume proves uplink interference.
Pilot Pollution Analysis

Pilot pollution means several strong pilots exist in one area without a dominant pilot frequency. Pilot frequency results in decreased Ec/Io, frequent handover, call drop and relatively low network capacity. To analyze pilot pollution, perform the following steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. Locate the area with poor Ec/Io value and high RSCP. Check if pilot pollution exists in this area. Locate the cells that cause the pilot pollution. Analyze the RSCP and Ec/Io distribution by strengthening some strong pilots and weakening some weak pilots. Determine the pilot to be strengthened and the pilot to be weakened. Give the solution to the pilot pollution.
Handover Failure Analysis

Handover failure analysis consists of the following activities:
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Neighbor optimization: compare the neighbor information and drive test data through the drive test analysis software. The software gives the advice of neighbor configuration for every cell. Focus on the problem of missing neighbors. Missing neighbors causes call drop during handover. Soft handover rate optimization: on basis of guaranteeing the coverage, the RF optimization limits the soft handover rate to an acceptable range. To reduce the soft handover area, you may increase the antenna tilt, adjust the antenna azimuth, lower antenna height, and weaken the pilot frequency power.
4.4 RF Optimization Implementation

During the RF optimization implementation, you can modify the engineering parameters and cell parameters to meet the KPIs. Most coverage and interference problem can be solved by adjusting engineering parameters that are described in the following. The priority level descends with the number.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Downtilt Azimuth Antenna height Antenna location Antenna type Adding TMAs Changing NodeB type For example, the NodeB supporting the 20 W TMA is changed into the NodeB supporting the 40 W TMA.
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Site location Newly added NodeB or RRU
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Service Optimization
During the service optimization, you can optimize the service and make the network counters meet the acceptance requirements. The service optimization analyzes the drive test data and performance data to solve service problems and improve the network counters to meet the acceptance requirements. According to the network status, the service optimization can be carried out at the following stages: Before the network carries service After the network carries service
The main difference of the two types is that if the number is allocated.
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For the network that does not carry service, the acceptance counters of the operator are based on the data of the drive test along the KPI drive test course. For the network that carries service, the acceptance counters of the operator are the result of the drive test along the KPI drive test course and the performance indicators. CS/PS call setup rate Call drop rate Soft handover rate Hard handover rate Call delay PS throughput
During the service optimization, the counters to be met contain the following items:
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Figure 5-1 shows the flow chart for service optimization.
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Figure 5-1 Flow chart for service optimization
5.1 Service Optimization Data Collection The service optimization data collection consists of drive test data collection, call tracing data collection, performance data collection, and configuration data collection. 5.2 Service Optimization Data Analysis During site verification, the equipment functional problems are solved. During the RF optimization, the signal coverage problems are solved During service optimization, the problems concerning the service and the unsolved problems of the earlier phases are analyzed and resolved. The problem during this phase consists of coverage problem, access failure, handover failure, and call drop. 5.3 Service Optimization Implementation
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During the service optimization implementation, you can modify the radio configuration parameters to enhance the performance. When modifying the network planning data, follow the parameter modifying principles of our company to avoid major accident.
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5.1 Service Optimization Data Collection

The service optimization data collection consists of drive test data collection, call tracing data collection, performance data collection, and configuration data collection.
Drive Test Data Collection

The drive test data is the data collected only at the UE side. During the service optimization, the drive test data collection is more comprehensive than the RF optimization:
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More services under test: VP, Voice, and PS 384K More test methods: continuous call test, dialup test, and automatic test
Call Tracing Data Collection

The following call tracing data at the NE side is collected:
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User signaling tracing data Cell signaling tracing data Standard interface signaling tracing data Call History Record (CHR) data Real-time performance monitoring data
Performance Data Collection

To locate the radio performance problems at the cell level and network level, you should also collect the performance data. The WRAN performance data falls into the following categories:
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Access Call drop Handover Traffic volume Congestion
Configuration Data Collection

The configuration data collection gathers configuration script file of the RNC. The configuration data can help locating the problems.
5.2 Service Optimization Data Analysis

During site verification, the equipment functional problems are solved. During the RF optimization, the signal coverage problems are solved During service optimization, the problems concerning the service and the unsolved problems of the earlier phases are analyzed and resolved. The problem during this phase consists of coverage problem, access failure, handover failure, and call drop.
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Coverage Analysis
Because the RF optimization is performed on clusters, there might be coverage problem that exists in the overlapped areas of the clusters. Service optimization should also solve this problem since the service optimization better the entire network. For the detailed analysis, refer to section 4.3 RF Optimization Data Analysis.
Access Failure Analysis

The access failure analysis checks if the drive test data and performance data meet the counters described as follows:
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Access counters (drive test): the outgoing access ratio and incoming access ratio of the Voice, VP, and PS services, the access delay of the Voice, VP, and PS services Access counters (performance data): paging ratio, RRC setup ratio, and the RAB setup ratio.
The access failure makes the call drop rate of the drive test or the performance data do not meet the acceptance requirements. The common types of access failure are listed as follows:
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Paging problem RRC setup problem RAB and RB setup problem Authentication and encryption problem Equipment fault
You may solve the access failure by modifying the following radio configuration parameters:
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Common channel power ratio: FACH/PCH/PICH/AICH transmit power Parameters of cell reselection: startup threshold of reselection, delay time of reselection, delay of reselection, cell offset Parameters of random access: open loop power control constant, power step, and maximum times of power adjustment Parameters of admission algorithm: admission switch and admission threshold
Handover Failure Analysis

Handover failure analysis contains the analysis on drive test data and the analysis on the performance data. The analysis checks if the drive test data and performance data meet the corresponding counters described as follows:
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Handover counter (drive test): soft handover rate, hard handover rate, inter-system handover rate Handover counter (performance data): soft handover rate, hard handover rate, inter-system handover rate
The handover failure makes the call drop rate of the drive test or the performance data do not meet the acceptance requirements. The common handover failure consists of the following items:
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Neighbor configuration failure Hanover problem (handover delay and frequent handover) Equipment fault
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You may solve the handover failure by modifying the following radio configuration parameters:
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Parameters of soft handover: soft handover threshold, delay trigger time, delay, cell offset, and filtering coefficient Parameters of Inter-system handover: Inter-system handover threshold, delay trigger time, and so on
Call Drop Analysis

The call drop analysis contains the analysis on drive test data and the analysis on the performance data. It checks if the drive test data and performance data meet the counters described as follows:
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Call drop counters (drive test): Voice service call drop rate, VP service call drop rate, and PS service call drop rate Call drop counters (performance data): Voice service call drop rate, VP service call drop rate, and PS service call drop rate
The call drop makes the call drop rate of the drive test or the performance data do not meet the acceptance requirements. The common problems that cause call drop consists of the following items:
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Neighbor configuration failure Coverage hole Strong interference Handover failure (handover delay and frequent handover) Equipment fault
You may solve the call drop by modifying the following radio configuration parameters:
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Dedicated channel power: maximum downlink transmit power of the radio link, maximum uplink transmit power of the UE Parameters of soft handover: soft handover threshold, delay trigger time, delay, cell offset, and filtering coefficient Parameters of Inter-system handover: Inter-system handover threshold, delay trigger time, and so on The timer and counter related to the call drop
5.3 Service Optimization Implementation

During the service optimization implementation, you can modify the radio configuration parameters to enhance the performance. When modifying the network planning data, follow the parameter modifying principles of our company to avoid major accident. Perform the following preparations:
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Make a detailed data modification plan, which contains the following contents:

Objective The version of the network equipment and the related instructions Modification procedures
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The modification details, which include the value change of the parameters after the modification The commands Operation time: is determined by the network security and the operation impact on services. Modify substantial data and high-security data at midnight, when the traffic volume is low. If a small quantity of data are modifies and the network security level is low, dynamically modify the data when the local traffic is not busy. Measures for faults
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Pre-review the substantial data modification and high-security data modification. Submit the application for network operation to the customer before the data modification. The application should at least includes the following items:

The content of the modification or operation The purpose of the modification or operation, or the problem to be solved The time of the operation The resources asked from the customers: personnel, vehicles, and SIM card Measures for faults Operation impact on services, which includes the performance data counter
Back up the original data and record the date in every operation.
Check the following after the modification:

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Back up the latest data file on the BAM and record the date. Check if the NodeB and cells work properly after the modification. Conduct the dialup test to ensure the normal service supply. Check the performance data which includes access rate, congestion rate, call drop rate and handover rate to decide if faults occur. If any fault occurs, determine the solving measures to ensure the proper running of the equipment. Record the data modification and impact so that the engineers can take the modification as reference during later phases.
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6 Network Acceptance
6
About This Chapter
l
Network Acceptance
Based on the performance data and drive test, the network acceptance checks if the optimized network meets the optimization counters, evaluate the optimized network quality, and display the network optimization. The network optimization acceptance is triggered when the network performance meets the requirements. The drive test acceptance is triggered when all the counters in the tested area meet the requirements. The traffic statistic acceptance is triggered when all the counters meet the requirements and the situation is stable for seven days.
6.1 Network Acceptance Counters Acceptance counters are of drive test data and performance data. 6.2 Contents of Network Acceptance Report After you finish the network acceptance test, you need to output the network acceptance report on XXX project and the network optimization report on XXX project.
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6.1 Network Acceptance Counters

Acceptance counters are of drive test data and performance data. 6.1.1 Drive Test Counters Drive test counters are obtained by drive test along the predefined test course. 6.1.2 Performance Counters Performance counters are obtained from the traffic measurement.
6.1.1 Drive Test Counters

Drive test counters are obtained by drive test along the predefined test course. Table 6-1 3G network KPI of the drive test and cell quality test Counter Call setup rate of the 12.2K Voice service Description Outgoing access ratio = (the number of calling setups)/(the number of calling requests) x 100% Incoming access ratio = (the number of called setups)/(the number of called requests) x 100% Outgoing access ratio = (the number of calling setups)/(the number of calling requests) x 100% Incoming access ratio = (the number of called setups)/(the number of called requests) x 100% = (the number of activations)/(the number of activation requests) x 100% = (the number of call drops)/(total number of setups) x 100%
Call setup rate of the 64K CS service
PDP context activation ratio Call drop rate of the 12.2K Voice service Call drop rate of the 64K CS service Call drop rate of the 128K PS service Soft handover rate of the 64K CS service
= (the number of call drops)/(total number of setups) x 100%
= (the number of call drops)/(the number of the PDP context activations) x 100%
l
According to the information recorded by drive test tool, the number of active set update requests received by the VP service UE is A1, the number of active set update completions sent by the UE is B1. Soft handover rate = B1/A1
Connection delay of the 12.2K Voice service

6-2
The interval from UE sending the RRC connect request to UE receiving the Alerting message. Record the average value.
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Counter Connection delay of the 64K CS service
Description When the calling party presses the call button, the time is recorded as T0. When the calling party hears the first ringing, the time is recorded as T1. The called party answers as soon as he hears the ringing. When the calling party sees the figure, the time is recorded as T2. The interval from T0 to T1 is ringing time. The interval from T1 to T2 is figure time. The interval from that the calling UE sends ringing message to that the called UE answers automatically and sends the connect message is T, which should be obtained beforehand. Connection delay = T2 - T0 - T
The rate and delay of intersystem handover in CS domain (WCDMA to GSM)
The calculation of inter-system handover rate is described as follows:

l
According to the single UE tracing message from the RNC, the number of RELOCATION REQUIRED messages sent by the RNC to the CN is recorded as A, and the number of IU RELEASE COMMAND messages received by the RNC is recorded as B. The value of the reason in the IU RELEASE COMMAND message must be Successful Relocation. Inter-system handover rate for a single UE in CS domain (WCDMA to GSM)= B/A Total Inter-system handover rate in CS domain (WCDMA to GSM)= B/A Record every delay from that the RNC sends HANDOVER FROM UTRAN COMMAND message to that the RNC receives the IU RELEASE COMMAND message. Average all the delay value. The result value is the Inter-system handover delay. According to the single UE tracing message from the RNC, the number of the CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN messages sent by the RNC to the UE is recorded as A, and the number of the IU RELEASE COMMAND messages received by the RNC is recorded as B. The value of the reason in the IU RELEASE COMMAND message must be Normal Release. The rate of inter-system handover for a single UE in PS domain (WCDMA to GPRS)= B/A The total rate of Inter-system handover in PS domain (WCDMA to GPRS)= B/A Record interval from the failure to the recovery of every Ping. Average all the recorded value.
The calculation of inter-system delay is described as follows:

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The rate of intersystem handover in PS domain (WCDMA to GPRS)
The time of Data transmission break during Inter-system handover in PS domain (WCDMA to GPRS)
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6.1.2 Performance Counters

Performance counters are obtained from the traffic measurement. Table 6-2 3G network quality KPI of performance data Type Accessi bility Name RRC setup ratio (related to service) Definition =(The number of RRC setups)/(the number of RRC setup requests received by RNC) x 100% The number of RRC setup requests is also the number of service requests. RRC setup ratio (not related to service) =(The number of RRC setups)/(number of RRC setup requests received by RNC) x 100% The number of RRC setup requests is not the number of service request. AMR Voice service setup ratio =(The number of the 'AMR RB setup complete' messages received by the RNC from the UE and the RAB assignment responses sent by the RNC to the CN)/(the number of the AMR RAB assignment requests received by the RNC from the CN) x 100% =(The number of the ' VP RB setup complete' messages received by the RNC from the UE and the RAB assignment responses sent by the RNC to the CN)/(the number of the VP RAB assignment requests received by the RNC from the CN) x 100% =(The number of the ' PS RB setup complete' messages received by the RNC from the UE and the RAB assignment responses sent by the RNC to the CN)/(the number of the PS RAB assignment requests received by the RNC from the CN) x 100% R=(The number of the AMR service releases initiated by the RNC)/(the number of the AMR service setups) x 100% =(The number of the VP service releases initiated by the RNC)/(the number of the VP service setups) x 100% =(The number of the PS service releases initiated by the RNC)/(the number of the PS service setups) x 100% =(The number of the Active Set Update Complete messages received by the RNC)/(the number of the Active Set Update messages sent by the RNC)
VP service setup ratio
PS service setup ratio
Call drop
AMR Voice service call drop rate VP service call drop rate PS service call drop rate
Mobilit y
Soft handover rate
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Type
Name Intra-frequency hard handover rate
Definition =(The number of the physical link reconfiguration messages received by the RNC)/(the number of the physical link reconfiguration messages sent by the RNC) The physical link reconfiguration is for intra-frequency hard handover.
Inter-frequency hard handover rate
=(The number of the physical link reconfiguration messages received by the RNC)/(the number of the physical link reconfiguration messages sent by the RNC) The physical link reconfiguration is for inter-frequency hard handover.
The rate of intersystem handover in CS domain (3G to 2G)
=(The number of the successful inter-system handovers in CS domain)/(the number of the inter-system handovers attempt in CS domain)
l
The number of the inter-system handover attempts in CS domain is the number the RELOCATION REQUIRED messages sent by the RNC to the CN. The number of the successful inter-system handovers in CS domain is the number of the IU RELEASE COMMAND messages received by the RNC. The value of the reason in the IU RELEASE COMMAND message must be Successful Relocation.
The rate of intersystem handover in PS domain (3G to 2G)
=(The number of the successful inter-system handovers in PS domain)/(the number of the inter-system handover attempts in PS domain)
l
The number of the inter-system handover attempts in PS domain is the number of the CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN messages sent by the RNC to the UE. The number of the successful inter-system handovers in PS domain is the number of the IU RELEASE COMMAND messages received by the RNC. The value of the reason in the IU RELEASE COMMAND message must be Normal Release.
6.2 Contents of Network Acceptance Report

After you finish the network acceptance test, you need to output the network acceptance report on XXX project and the network optimization report on XXX project.
Network Acceptance Report

The network acceptance report on XXX projectcomprises the following items:
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Background Networking mode

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l l l l
Acceptance area dividing, KPI test route Acceptance counters (drive test and performance data) Acceptance method (drive test and performance data) Acceptance result
Network Optimization Report

The network optimization report on XXX project comprises the following items:
l l l l l l
Background Networking mode Optimization process, content, and progress Optimization objective (drive test and performance data counters) Optimization conclusions Single site verification contains the following items:

Testing method Single site verification analysis: table of problems, table of measures, and table of unsolved problems Testing method Coverage optimization result:

RF optimization contains the following items:

Cell dominance analysis (CPICH SC) Downlink coverage analysis (CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/Io) Uplink coverage analysis (UE Tx Power) Downlink interference analysis Uplink interference analysis
Pilot pollution optimization result Handover optimization result RF optimization analysis: table of known problems, table of measures, and table of unsolved problems Testing method Service optimization result (drive test):

Service optimization contains the following items:

Analysis on the call setup rate and call drop rate of CS service Analysis on the call setup rate, call drop rate, and throughput of PS service Analysis on the inter-system handover rate Analysis on the accessibility Analysis on the call drop Analysis on the mobility
Service optimization result (performance data):

Service optimization analysis:

6-6

l l l
List of problems List of measures List of unresolved problems
Analysis on the unsolved problems Suggestions for network development The appendix contains the following items:

Collection of engineering parameters modification Collection of system parameters modification Collection of neighboring-cell relation modification Engineering parameter list after optimization System parameter list after optimization Neighboring-cell relation list after optimization
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7 Network Optimization Tools
7
About This Chapter
Network Optimization Tools
Network optimization tools are used for data collection, data analysis and can simplify the network optimization and improve the working efficiency. The tools that you use during network optimization are: Probe, Assistant, and Nastar. 7.1 Probe As an air interface test tool for data collection and radio network planning and optimization verification, the Probe supports the WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM or GPRS network systems 7.2 Assistant As a professional parsing tool for analyzing the radio network background, the Assistant supports the test data of the WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM, GPRS network system and the RNC data. It also supports the formats of the drive test data provided by the main manufacturers. The Assistant provides: combined analysis on uplink and downlink data, intelligent expert system, event simulation, displaying, statistics, filtering, and reporting. 7.3 Nastar The Nastar perform the comprehensive analysis on the performance data, CHR, call tracing, and data configuration on an integrated platform, and support the functions of querying by theme, intelligent expert system, weekly reporting, monthly reporting, reporting on health check, and configuration check. The Nastar can help the operator to locate and solve network problems and promote the working efficiency of the site engineers.
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7.1 Probe
As an air interface test tool for data collection and radio network planning and optimization verification, the Probe supports the WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM or GPRS network systems The uses of the Probe are described as follows:
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Test network quality and radio parameters. Decode the message of the Uu interface and display the information of data, cell, and geographical location in real-time. Monitor, trace, and test the status of the system in real-time.
The main functions of the Probe are listed as follows:

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Supporting multi-mode test in WCDMA/HSDPA/GSM/GPRS Supporting CS and PS measurement Supporting multi-UE test Supporting Scanner test Supporting indoor measurement Presetting test plan Supporting judgment of predefined events Supporting hardware alarm Filtering test parameter Automatically saving, exporting, and play backing, log file Displaying co-activated information Geographically displaying wireless measurement parameter in real-time Supporting dynamic and static adjustment to GPS information Displaying and parsing the messages of the Uu interface Displaying RLC and APP throughput Displaying custom parameters Supporting GPS time synchronization
7.2 Assistant
As a professional parsing tool for analyzing the radio network background, the Assistant supports the test data of the WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM, GPRS network system and the RNC data. It also supports the formats of the drive test data provided by the main manufacturers. The Assistant provides: combined analysis on uplink and downlink data, intelligent expert system, event simulation, displaying, statistics, filtering, and reporting. The uses of the Assistant are described as follows:
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Have a panorama view of network performance. Locate the network troubles.

7-2

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Improve the network quality. Verify the network planning and optimization.
Table 7-1 lists the functions of the Assistant. Table 7-1 Functions of the Assistant Function Analyzing the test data in WCDMA GSM dual mode Importing multiple test device data Description The Assistant analyzes the test data in the WCDMA and GSM networks. It also supports the display of engineering parameters and real-time data. The Assistant imports test data from:
l l l l l l
GENEX Probe Huawei RNC DTI Scanner Anritsu Scanner Agilent E6474A Agilent E7476A
The Assistant offers Excellent display and analysis of the test counters. Flexibly adding the type of the drive test data Four geographic binning modes and three data sampling methods With the Assistant, update one file to add a device type.
The four geographic binning modes are:

l l l l
Distance binning Grid binning Time binning No binning Average value Maximum value Minimum value
The three data sampling methods are:

l l l
Independent analysis on the drive test device Environment of scrambling code multiplexing Automatically combining the drive test devices
Independent display and analysis of the devices and the frequencies
The Assistant analyzes the environments for scrambling codes multiplexing in a large-scale network. The Assistant automatically combines the drive test devices.
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Function Analyzing the measurement data of uplink and downlink in an integrated manner Analyzing by the geographical area or time span Displaying the drive test track Test data playback
Description By synchronizing the GPS time, the Assistant can display the drive test data and the RNC data simultaneously. This enables integrated analysis of uplink and downlink data that includes RNC subscriber tracing signaling. After the Assistant locks the geographical area or the time span, the specified data becomes the basis for later analysis. The Assistant automatically displays drive test track and adjusts the display parameters. The Assistant supports:
l l l
Test data playback both automatically and manually Display of the measurement parameters of problems in detail Quick troubleshooting
Multiple data display modes
The data display modes which integrate the common operation methods consist of the following :
l l l l l
Map Curve chart Customized XY chart PDF chart Excel Fast pilot relation line Layer offset Overlapped path filtering Area memory Display and control of engineering parameters Dynamic modification and dragging of data curves Graph zooming Graph rotating Chart customization Searching Copying Calculation
For map mode, the Assistant provides:

l l l l l
For curve chart mode, the Assistant supports:

l l l l
For Excel mode, the Assistant supports:

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Function Bidirectional multiwindow coactivation Displaying the realtime attribute data
Description The Assistant supports the data co-activation among maps, charts, Excels, and signaling events. The Assistant offers the real-time display of:
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Scanner coverage UE pilot information
Parsing Layer 3 signaling
The Assistant supports the Layer 3 signaling parsing. The signaling parsing contains:
l l l
RRC NAS RR Message name Message body
The Assistant searches a text by:

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Various application analysis items
For the Scanner data, the Assistant supports the following item:
l l l l l
Handover event simulation Pilot pollution analysis Soft handover statistics Neighbor analysis Detailed analysis report UE network event predefinition PS service statistics CS service statistics
For the UE data, the Assistant provides the analysis reports on:
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Exporting data in different display formats
The Assistant supports the data export in different display formats, such as:
l l l
.bmp format .txt format .xls format
Filtering the data by indicator Word collector Simulating the Scanner single site closure
The assistant filter the imported data by indicator. With the word collector, the Assistant exports the browsed pictures and Excels to a Word file, thus saving many copying and posting. The Assistant simulates the changes of the pilot signal brought by the site closure to determine the impact of the site on the pilot frequency. The focus should be on the recalculation of the RSSI on the drive test point covered by the site.
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Function Automatically matching RNC messages Analyzing the HSDPA statistics
Description The Assistant supports the automatic matching between the RNC messages and UE messages when importing the RNC data. The data reflects the following items:
l l l l l
Current network performance Parameter configuration Rate statistics Channel decoding statistics Service performance
Summarizing the KPIs by sites
The Assistant sums up the KPIs by site. These KPIs are:

l l l l
Soft handover Call setup Call drop Call setup failure
Intelligent report system
The Assistant automatically generates a drive test report.
7.3 Nastar
The Nastar perform the comprehensive analysis on the performance data, CHR, call tracing, and data configuration on an integrated platform, and support the functions of querying by theme, intelligent expert system, weekly reporting, monthly reporting, reporting on health check, and configuration check. The Nastar can help the operator to locate and solve network problems and promote the working efficiency of the site engineers. The uses of the Nastar are described as follows:
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Analyze and locate the network problems. Monitor the performance of the entire network
Table 7-2 describes the functions of the Nastar.
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Table 7-2 Functions of Nastar Function Processing a large quantity of data from multiple data sources Description The Nastar processes a single data or multiple data to help the engineers to know the entire network performance and to quickly locate the problems. The Nastar supports the following data sources:
l
RNC data source

Configuration data Performance data CHR data Intelligent Optimization System (IOS) data for UE tracing
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NodeB data resource: Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP) data Other data sources: engineering parameters
Analyzing the performance data
Five categories of analysis on network performance and fault are described as follows:
l l l l l
Traffic volume RRC setup RAB setup Handover Call drop
The analysis described previously contains 30 predefined themes and customized themes. The performance data also includes the following items:
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Analysis on the KPI trend Analysis on the Top N cell
With the query on the queried results by theme, you may perform the following operations:
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Analyzing on the worst cell Detailed analyzing on the problematic cell Daily report on clusters Weekly report on the RNC Daily report on the RNC Report on health check
Extensive reports
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Function Optimization solutions for intrafrequency neighbor
Description On basis of the analysis on the performance data, CHR, and engineering parameters, the Nastar locates the problems of neighbor configuration and gives the solutions to optimize the neighbors and ensures the network mobility. You may perform the following operations to optimize the neighbors with the Nastar:
l l l l l
Querying the original record of the cell configuration Intelligent analyzing on neighbor optimization Querying the handover record Querying the Top N neighbor configuration Generating the report on neighbor optimization
Solutions for pilot pollution
On basis of the analysis on the engineering configuration parameters, CHR, and engineering parameters, the Nastar analyzes the pilot pollution. The user can view the analyzing result on the map and research the analyzing report. For analyzing the pilot pollution, the Nastar provides the following functions:
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Statistics on the areas with pilot pollution Geographically analyzing the pilot pollution Generating the report on pilot pollution analysis
Solutions for coverage analysis
On basis of the analysis on the configuration data and IOS data, the Nastar analyzes the coverage.
l l l l
Downlink common pilot channel coverage analysis Link quality analysis Cross coverage analysis Report on coverage analysis
Solutions for interference analysis Configuration check
On basis of the analysis on the configuration data, RTWP data, and engineering parameters, the Nastar analyzes the interference. On basis of the analysis on the performance, configuration data, and engineering parameters, the Nastar checks and compares the following configuration data to ensure the correctness and reasonability of the data:
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Querying the configuration data geographically Comparing the MML commands of different versions
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Flow Chart Radio-Network-Optimization-Guidelines PDF

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RAN 6.

Radio Network Optimization Guidelines

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2 Network Optimization Startup...............................................................................................2-1

3 Single Site Verification.............................................................................................................3-1

7 Network Optimization Tools...................................................................................................7-1

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RAN Radio Network Optimization Guidelines

About This Document

About This Document

About This Document

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RAN Radio Network Optimization Guidelines

About This Document

About This Document

RAN Radio Network Optimization Guidelines

Convention Key Key1+Key2 Key1,Key2

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1 Introduction to Network Optimization

Introduction to Network Optimization

About This Chapter

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1 Introduction to Network Optimization

RAN Radio Network Optimization Guidelines

1.1 Triggering Conditions of Radio Network Optimization

1.2 Flow Chart for Radio Network Optimization

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1 Introduction to Network Optimization

Figure 1-1 Flow chart for radio network optimization

Phase Project preparations and startup Single site verification

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1 Introduction to Network Optimization

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2 Network Optimization Startup

Network Optimization Startup

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2.1 Setup of Network Optimization Team

2.2 Establishment of Network Optimization and Acceptance Counters

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2 Network Optimization Startup

2.3 Preparations of Network Optimization Tools

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3 Single Site Verification

Single Site Verification

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