NECC ADDITIONAL FIRE EXIT NECC Building, Gozar St. Cor. Sales St.

, Newport City, Pasay City

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA

1.1 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARD The following codes, standards, and references were used in the design of the Structural Works. 1) National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) C101-10, 6 th Edition, 2010 2) Uniform Building Code (UBC) 1997 Edition, International Conference of Building Officials 3) American Concrete Institute (ACI) Publications a. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary American Concrete Institute (ACI 318) 2002 Edition b. Details and Detailing of Reinforcement for Concrete 4) Manual of Steel Construction American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 9 th Edition 5) Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, ASEP Guide, 1991 Edition 6) Foundation Analysis and Design, Fifth Edition, by Joseph E. Bowles 1.2 DESIGN LOADINGS 1.2.1 Live Loads Room Name Stairs kPa 4.80

1.2.2

Live Load Reduction The design live load was reduced on members supporting more than 14 m 2, except for floors in places of public assembly and for floor live loads greater than 4.80 kPa, in accordance with the following equation: R = r (A-14) The reduction shall not exceed 40 percent for members receiving load from one level only, 60 percent for other members or R, as determined by the following equation: R = 23.1 (1 + D/L) Where: A = area of floor or roof supported by the member, square meter. D = dead load per square meter of area supported by the member. L = unit live load per square meter of area supported by the member. R = reduction in percentage. r = rate of reduction equal to 0.08 percent for floors.

G.E. ORIGENES AND ASSOCIATES Structural Engineers

NECC ADDITIONAL FIRE EXIT NECC Building, Gozar St. Cor. Sales St., Newport City, Pasay City
For storage loads exceeding 4.80 kPa, no reduction shall be made, except that design live load on columns may be reduced 20 percent. The live load reduction shall not exceed 40 percent in garages for the storage of private pleasure cars having a capacity of not more than nine passengers per vehicle. 1.2.3 Dead Loads Self-Weight Concrete Steel Soil 1.2.4 Superimposed Dead Load Material Partitions : Masonry Movable Partition Floor Finish + Topping Membrane Waterproofing + Topping Ceiling + Utilities 1.2.5 Lateral Loads kPa 2.73 0.96 1.20 1.80 0.5 kN/m3 23.6 77.0 16.0

1.2.5.1 Wind Load Design Code: Wind Pressure Zone: Basic Wind Speed: Velocity Pressure, q: Importance Factor, Iw : Exposure Category: Design Wind Pressure, P: 1.2.5.2 Earthquake Loads Seismic Code: Uniform Building Code 1997 / NSCP 2010 NSCP 2010 Zone II 200 kph 47.3x10-6 Kz Kzt V2 Iw 1.0 B P = q G Cp qh (GCpi)

Seismic Zone: Zone 4, Z=0.4 Soil Profile Type: SD (Stiff Soil Profile) Building Base: Ground Level Seismic Source Proximity: < 5 km from Valley Fault System (Seismic Source Type A) Design Earthquake Load, E = Eh + Ev where : E = the earthquake load on an element of the structure resulting from the combination of the horizontal component, Eh, and the vertical component, Ev Eh = the earthquake load due to the base shear, V or the design lateral force, F p.

G.E. ORIGENES AND ASSOCIATES Structural Engineers

NECC ADDITIONAL FIRE EXIT NECC Building, Gozar St. Cor. Sales St., Newport City, Pasay City
Ev = the load effect resulting from the vertical component of the earthquake ground motion and is equal to an addition of 0.5C aID to the dead load effect, D, for Strength Design, and may be taken as zero for Allowable Stress Design. = Reliability/Redundancy factor as given by the following equation: = 1, when calculating drift or when the structure is located in Seismic Zone 0,1 or 2
=2 6.1 rmax A B

where : rmax = the maximum element-story shear ratio. For a given direction of loading, the element-story shear ratio is the ratio of the design story shear in the most heavily loaded single element divided by the total design story shear. AB = the ground floor area of the structure in square meter. For any given Story Level i, the element-story shear ratio is denoted as ri. The maximum element-story shear ratio rmax is defined as the largest of the element story shear ratios, r i, which occurs in any of the story levels at or below the two-thirds height level of the building. Design Base Shear for Static Force Procedure:

V=

C vI W RT

0.11C aIW

2.5C aI W R

where :

0.8ZNvI W R

V = Total Design Lateral Force or Shear at the Base Z = Seismic Zone Factor I = Importance Factor T = Ct(hn)3/4, Elastic Fundamental Period of Vibration of the Structure, in seconds, in the direction under consideration. Ct = Numerical Coefficient for Structure = 0.085 for steel moment-resisting frames. = 0.073 for reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames. = 0.0488 for other structures hn = the height of structure Ca = 0.40Na, Seismic Coefficient for Structure Cv = 0.672Nv, Seismic Coefficient for Structure Na = 1.0 Nv = 1.0 R = Numerical Coefficient Representative of the Inherent Overstrength and Global Ductility Capacity of the Lateral-Force-Resisting System W = Total Seismic Dead Load

G.E. ORIGENES AND ASSOCIATES Structural Engineers

NECC ADDITIONAL FIRE EXIT NECC Building, Gozar St. Cor. Sales St., Newport City, Pasay City
Seismic Parameters Seismic Zone, Z Importance Factor Seismic Source Type R (Shear-Wall-Frame Interaction System) 0.4 1.0 A 8.5

1.3

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS 1.3.1.1 Structural Steel Rolled Sections (ASTM A36) Cold-formed Sections (ASTM A446) Yield strength, Fy 248 MPa 276 MPa Tensile strength, Fu 830 MPa 414 MPa 414 MPa

High Strength Bolts (ASTM A325) Normal Bolts (ASTM A307) Welding Electrodes (E70XX)

1.4 Load Combinations 1.4.1 For Allowable Stress Design of Steel 1.4.1.1 Dead Load + Live Load DL + LL 1.4.1.2 Dead Load + Live Load + Wind Load 0.75 * (DL + LL WL) 0.75 * (0.85 * DL WL) 1.4.1.3 Dead Load + Live Load + Seismic Load 0.75* (DL + LL EQ) 0.75 * (0.85 * DL EQ) where: D L WL EQ = = = = Dead Load Live Load Wind Load Earthquake Force

G.E. ORIGENES AND ASSOCIATES Structural Engineers

NECC ADDITIONAL FIRE EXIT NECC Building, Gozar St. Cor. Sales St., Newport City, Pasay City
1.5 STORY DRIFT LIMITATION 1.5.1 Wind Load Maximum drift index limit was set at 0.003 to 0.005. The design wind loads was calculated using the guidelines of NSCP C101-10. Calculated drift includes translational, torsional deflections and P effects. 1.5.2 Seismic Load Calculated story drift using m shall not exceed 0.025 times the story height for structures having fundamental period of less than 0.7 second. For structures having a fundamental period of 0.7 second or greater, the calculated story drift shall not exceed 0.020 times the story height. The maximum inelastic response displacement, m shall be computed as follows: m = 0.7 * R * s where s is the resulting deformations from a static, elastic analysis of the lateral force-resisting system prepared using the design seismic forces. Alternatively, dynamic analysis may be performed in accordance with UBC97 Section 1631. The mathematical model shall comply with UBC97 Section 1630.1.2. Calculated drift shall include translational and torsional deflections. The design lateral forces used to determine the calculated drift disregard the limitations of UBC97 Equations (30-6) and was based on the period determined from UBC97 Equation (3010) neglecting the 30 or 40 percent limitations of UBC97 Section 1630.2.2, Item 2. The analysis used to determine the Maximum Inelastic Response Displacement, m have considered P effects. 1.6 ANALYSIS 1.6.1 General The analysis was carried out in accordance with the Uniform Building Code (UBC) 1997 / National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2010. A three dimensional model was used in the analysis using ETABS version 6 - Integrated Building Design Software. Vertical Load Analysis Vertical load analysis was carried out on the basis of the loads given in 1.2.1 to 1.2.4. Procedure was as follows: 1. Choose a structural framing system considering the material chosen, use or occupancy and height 2. Layout the vertical load and lateral load resisting framing system 3. Layout the floor framing system 4. Determine floor slab dead and live load 5. Analyze and determine required thickness of floor slab 6. Distribute floor loads to beam using method recommended by ACI. 7. Use a three dimensional model for the structural analysis and apply the corresponding dead and live loads. 8. Use Ieffective (Effective Moment of Inertia) of structural members as required by ACI/UBC e.g. 0.70Igross for columns, 0.35Igross for beams (See ACI318-99 10.11, UBC97 1910.11)

1.6.2

G.E. ORIGENES AND ASSOCIATES Structural Engineers

NECC ADDITIONAL FIRE EXIT NECC Building, Gozar St. Cor. Sales St., Newport City, Pasay City
1.6.3 Lateral Load Analysis

1.6.3.1 Wind Load Analysis Wind load analysis was carried out on the basis of the loads given in 1.2.5.1. Wind was assumed to come from any horizontal direction. No reduction in wind pressure for shielding effect of adjacent structures. The base overturning moment for the entire structure, or for any one of its primary lateralresisting elements, was checked and shall not exceed two thirds of the dead-load-resisting moment. For an entire structure with a height-to-width ratio of 0.5 or less in the wind direction and a maximum height of 60 feet (18,290 mm), the combination of the effects of uplift and overturning was reduced by one-third as allowed by NSCP / UBC. The weight of earth superimposed over footings was used to calculate the dead-load-resisting moment. Procedure is as follows: 9. Determine design wind pressure at each level. 10. Apply wind load to the three dimensional model.

1.6.3.2 Earthquake Load Analysis Earthquake load analysis was carried out on the basis of the loads given in 1.2.5.2. An equivalent static seismic analysis was carried out to obtain the scaling factors for the dynamic lateral forces. The dynamic analysis was performed as required and the detailed procedure illustrated in UBC 1631. The forces from the dynamic analysis multiplied by the scaling factor, was be used throughout the design. Below are the effective moment of inertia used for the structural members. Columns: Ieffective = 0.70 * Igross Beams: Ieffective = 0.35 * Igross Procedure is as follows: 11. Determine building mass 12. Determine design base shear for static force procedure. 13. Determine minimum accidental torsion. 14. Perform dynamic lateral response spectrum analysis

G.E. ORIGENES AND ASSOCIATES Structural Engineers

NECC ADDITIONAL FIRE EXIT NECC Building, Gozar St. Cor. Sales St., Newport City, Pasay City

Description of Dynamic Analysis Procedure: 14.1 Perform the dynamic analysis using the normalized response spectra shapes given by UBC 1997 using an initial acceleration of one (1) g. 14.2 Determine number of modes shapes required to attain a mass participation of at least 90%. UBC requires that at least 90 percent of the participating mass of the structure should be included in the calculation of response for each principal horizontal direction 14.3 Check base shear from dynamic analysis using an acceleration of one (1) g. Scale the results. 14.4 Rerun dynamic analysis using the scaled acceleration from Step 14.3. 14.5 Apply minimum accidental torsion requirements. 14.6 Perform design for structural members. 14.7 Determine the fundamental period (TB) using the structural properties and deformational characteristics of the resisting elements (Method B). 14.8 Check approximate T of Method A (T A) versus Method B (TB). If TB is smaller than TA, use TB and recalculate the minimum required base shear in Step 12 and redo the analysis. If TB is larger than TA, we can use TB in formula in Step 12 and reduce the minimum required base shear. The value of TB shall not be over 40 percent in Seismic Zones 1,2 and 3. 14.9 Check the story drift.

G.E. ORIGENES AND ASSOCIATES Structural Engineers