12 Optical Interfaces

Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 0551 VT ZZA Ed.01

12.1

Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 0551 VH ZZA Ed.01

Page 12.1

12 Optical Interfaces Session presentation

Objective: to be able to list the optical interfaces used in SDH program: 12.1 Classification of Optical Interfaces 12.2 Laser Safety 12.3 Automatic laser Shutdown : ALS 12.4 Laser Operation Actions

12.2

Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 0551 VH ZZA Ed.01

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12 Optical Interfaces Classification of Optical Interfaces

Inter-station Short-haul 1310 1550 1310 G.652 G.654 ~ 80 L-1.2 L-4.2 L-16.2 L-64.2 L-1.3 L-4.3 L-16.3 L-64.3 Long-haul 1550 Joint
Engineering

Application

Intrastation

Rated source wavelength (nm) Fiber type recommendation Distance (max. km) STM-1 STM-4 STM level STM-16 STM-64

1310

1550

G.652

G.652

G.652

G.652

G.653

<2 I-1 I-4 I-16 I-64 S-1.1 S-4.1 S-16.1 S-64.1

~ 15 S.1-2 S.4-2 S.16-2 S.64-2

~ 40 L-1.1 L-4.1 L-16.1 L-64.1

~ 90 L-1.2 JE L-4.2 JE L-16.2 JE L-64.2 JE

12.3
Classification of optical interfaces according to G.957 Application code: X: Y: Z: X-Y.Z Application I, S, L STM level 1, 4, 16, 64 Suffix number1 or blank: 2: 3:

1310 nm (G.652) 1550 nm (G.652 / G.654) 1550 nm (G.653)

Three main application categories: Intra-station (I): Inter-station (S: Short-haul): Inter-station (L: Long-haul):

distances of less than approximately 2 km distances of approximately 15 km distances of approximately 40 km with 1310 nm distances of approximately 80 km with 1550 nm

If these categories are inadequate, Inter-station Joint Engineering (JE) shall be used: distances of approximately 90 km with 1550 nm The distances are used for classification and NOT specification purposes.

Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 0551 VH ZZA Ed.01

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12 Optical Interfaces Laser Safety

Laser classifications complying with IEC 69825-2 Board Application Code
complying with ITU-T REC. G.957

Hazard Level
complying with IEC 60825-2

Laser Classification
complying with IEC 60825-1

STM-1 optical STM-16

OA: Optical Amplifier

S-1.1 (Short Haul 1310 nm) 1 L-1.1 (Long Haul 1310 nm) 1 S-16.1 (Short Haul 1310 nm) 1 L-16.1 (Long Haul 1310 nm) 1 L-16.2 (Long Haul 1550 nm) 1 L-16.2JE1 (Long Haul 1550 nm) 1 L-16.2JE2 (Long Haul 1550 nm) 1 OA-10 / OA-13 / OA-15 1 (if ALS is activated)

1 3A 3A 3A 3A 3A 3A 3A

Hazard level limits for single mode fibers with 11 m mode field diameter
Wavelength 1310 nm 1550 nm Hazard Level 1 8.85 mW (+9.5 dBm) 10 mW (+10 dBm) Hazard Level 3A 24 mW (+13.8 dBm) 50 mW (+17 dBm)

12.4
They might be different from laser classifications complying with IEC 60825-1: The reason is that hazard levels are assigned under consideration of reasonable events whereas laser classification is made under consideration of one single fault. The optical transmitters and amplifiers used in the system emit optical power in the invisible infra-red spectrum range. Under normal operating conditions, the optical power is transferred in the fibers and is not accessible. The hazard levels of optical transmitters and optical amplifiers in the system are classified according to IEC 60825-1, without optical fibers connected to the output and taking one single component failure into account. X dBm = 10 x/10 mW 0 dBm = 1 mW

Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 0551 VH ZZA Ed.01

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12 Optical Interfaces Automatic Laser Shutdown: ALS

NE 1 Port A Cutoff Laser1

NE 2 LOS 1 Port B

A.L.S. command

A.L.S. command

Laser2 LOS 2

12.5
ALS: Automatic Laser Shutdown A cut-off which triggers a Loss of Signal (LOS) causes the laser in the opposite direction to be turned off automatically. Timing: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. cut-off LOS 1 (detected in NE2) ALS (command sent to Laser2 in NE2) LOS 2 (detected in NE1) ALS (command sent to Laser1 in NE1)

Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 0551 VH ZZA Ed.01

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12 Optical Interfaces Laser restart management

Start Automatic laser shutdown Section in normal operation ALS in service

Automatic Restart

Manual restart

Manual restart for testing

Yes

Signal received from remote end ? No

Timeout (60-300)s

No

Loss of transmitted signal for t > = (550 50) ms ? Yes

Laser in operation for (2 0.25) s

Laser in operation for (2 0.25) s

Laser in operation for (90 10) s

12.6
The following working practices are strongly recommended: Where possible, optical transmission or test equipment should be shut down, put into a low power state or disconnected before any work is started on exposed fiber, connectors, etc. Check the optical power in a fiber only by using a calibrated optical power meter. Do not stare directly into the beam or use any unapproved collimating device to view the fiber ends or connector faces or point them at other people. Use only approved filtered or attenuating viewing aids. Any single or multiple fiber ends or ends found not to be terminated shall be individually or collectively covered when not being worked on. They shall not be readily visible and sharp ends shall not be exposed. Always attach end caps to unmated connectors. When using optical test cords, the optical power source shall be the last to be connected and the first to be disconnected. Do not make any unauthorized modifications to any optical fiber system or associated equipment. Replace damaged optical safety labels or attach new labels if labels are missing. Use test equipment of the lowest class necessary and practical for the task. Do not use test equipment of a higher class than the location hazard level.

Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 0551 VH ZZA Ed.01

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12 Optical Interfaces Evaluation

Objective: to be able to list the optical interfaces used in SDH

Thank you for answering the self-assessment of the objectives sheet

12.7

Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 0551 VH ZZA Ed.01

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