ANSYS LS-DYNA

Chapter 1. Introduction

ANSYS
LS_DYNA .

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD:

1- Implicit Finite Element Method:

[K ].{U }t +t = F a + Pt
= Pt
= Fa

, , ,

.

2- Explicit Finite Element Method:

= F

..

M U + C U + KU

 Explicit :Implicit
-

)(Auto Contact


) (Implicit .

Chapter 2. Elements
The following elements can be used in an explicit dynamic analysis:
- LINK160
- BEAM161
- PLANE162
- SHELL163
- SOLID164
- COMBI165
- MASS166
- LINK167

Element Description
LINK160
, 3
:

isotropic elastic, plastic kinematic, and bilinear kinematic

Element Name
LINK160
Nodes I, J, K
(K is the orientation node) Degrees of Freedom UX, UY, UZ, VX, VY, VZ, AX, AY, AZ
Note For explicit dynamics analyses, V (X, Y, Z) refers to nodal velocity, and A (X, Y, Z)
refers to nodal acceleration. Although V (X, Y, Z) and A (X, Y, Z) appear as DOF s, they
are not actually physical DOF s. However, these quantities are computed as DOF
solutions and stored for post-processing.

Element Description
BEAM161.
.

Element Name
BEAM161
Nodes I, J, K
(K is the orientation node) Degrees of Freedom UX, UY, UZ, VX, VY, VZ, AX, AY, AZ,
ROTX, ROTY, ROTZ Note For explicit dynamics analyses, V (X, Y, Z) refers to nodal
velocity, and A (X, Y, Z) refers to nodal acceleration. Although V (X, Y, Z) and A (X, Y, Z)
appear as DOF s, they are not actually physical DOF s. However, these quantities are
computed as DOF solutions and stored for post-processing.

You can choose from the following materials when working with BEAM161, with the
restrictions as noted:
- Isotropic
- Elastic Bilinear
- Kinematic (Except KEYOPT(1) = 2)
- Plastic Kinematic (Except KEYOPT(1) = 2)
- Viscoelastic (KEYOPT(1) = 1 only)
- Power Law Plasticity (KEYOPT(1) = 1 only)
- Piecewise Linear Plasticity (KEYOPT(1) = 1 only)

Element Description
PLANE162

, .
4 6 ) , ( ).
(. . 2
3 Plan162
, .

PLANE162 Input Summary

Element Name
PLANE162
Nodes I, J, K, L
Degrees of Freedom UX, UY, VX, VY, AX, AY Note For explicit dynamic analyses, V
(X,Y) refers to nodal velocity, and A (X,Y) refers to nodal acceleration. Although V (X,Y)
and A (X,Y) appear as DOF s, they are not actually physical DOF s. However, these
quantities are computed as DOF solutions and stored for post-processing.

Element Description
SHELL163

. 12
, , .

SHELL163 Input Summary

Element Name
SHELL163
Nodes I, J, K, L
Degrees of Freedom UX, UY, UZ, VX, VY, VZ, AX, AY, AZ, ROTX, ROTY, ROTZ Note
For explicit dynamics analyses, V (X, Y, Z) refers to nodal velocity, and A (X, Y, Z) refers
to nodal acceleration. Although V (X, Y, Z) and A (X, Y, Z) appear as DOF s, they are not
actually physical DOF s. However, these quantities are computed as DOF solutions and
stored for post processing.

NIP:

Element Description
SOLID164

, , .

SOLID164 Input Summary

Element Name
SOLID164
Nodes I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P
Degrees of Freedom UX, UY, UZ, VX, VY, VZ, AX, AY, AZ Note For explicit dynamics
analyses, V (X, Y, Z) refers to nodal velocity, and A (X, Y, Z) refers to nodal acceleration.
Although V (X, Y, Z) and A (X, Y, Z) appear as DOF s, they are not actually physical DOF
s. However, these quantities are computed as DOF solutions and stored for postprocessing.

Element Description
COMBI165

)
( .
2 COMBI165 Explicit .

For this element, you can choose from the following materials:
- Linear Elastic Spring
- Linear Viscous Damper
- Elastoplastic Spring
- Nonlinear Elastic Spring
- Nonlinear Viscous Damper
- General Nonlinear Spring
- Maxwell Viscoelastic Spring
- Inelastic Tension or Compression-Only Spring

COMBI165 Input Summary

Element Name
COMBI165
NodesI, J
Degrees of Freedom UX, UY, UZ, VX, VY, VZ, AX, AY, AZ (KEYOPT(1) = 0)ROTX,
ROTY, ROTZ (KEYOPT(1) = 1)NoteFor explicit dynamics analyses, V (X, Y, Z) refers to
nodal velocity, and A (X, Y, Z) refers to nodal acceleration. Although V (X, Y, Z) and A (X,
Y, Z) appear as DOFs, they are not actually physical DOFs. However, these quantities
are computed as DOF solutions and stored for post processing.

Element Description
MASS166

9 ) , ( .

MASS166 Input Summary

Element Name
MASS166
Nodes I
Degrees of Freedom UX, UY, UZ, VX, VY, VZ, AX, AY, AZ Note For explicit dynamics
analyses, V (X, Y, Z) refers to nodal velocity, and A (X, Y, Z) refers to nodal acceleration.
Although V (X, Y, Z) and A (X, Y, Z) appear as DOF s, they are not actually physical DOF
s. However, these quantities are computed as DOF solutions and stored for postprocessing.

Element Description
LINK167
,

The element is defined by nodes I and J in the global coordinate system. Node K defines
a plane (with I and J) containing the element s-axis. The element r-axis runs parallel to
the length of the element and through nodes I and J. Node K is always required to define
the element axis system and it must not be colinear with nodes I and J. The location of
node K is used only to initially orient the element. Real constants for this element are
link area (AREA) and offset for cable (OFFSET). For a slack element, the offset
should be input as a negative value. For an initial tensile force, the offset should
be positive.The force, F, generated by the link is nonzero if and only if the link is in
tension. The force is given by:

F = K max ( L,0.)
where L is the change in length
L = current length - (initial length - offset)
and the stiffness is defined as:
K = E*AREA/(INITIAL LENGTH OFFSET)
You can use only the material type cable for this element. For this material, you need to
define the density (DENS) and Young's modulus (EX) or load curve ID.

LINK167 Input Summary

Element Name
LINK167
Nodes I, J, K (K is the orientation node)
Degrees of Freedom UX, UY, UZ, VX, VY, VZ, AX, AY, AZ NoteFor explicit dynamics
analyses, V (X, Y, Z) refers to nodal velocity, and A (X, Y, Z) refers to nodal acceleration.
Although V (X, Y, Z) and A (X, Y, Z) appear as DOF s, they are not actually physical DOF
s. However, these quantities are computed as DOF solutions and stored for postprocessing.

Chapter 3. Analysis Procedure

The procedure for an explicit dynamics analysis consists of three main steps:
1- Build the model
2- Apply loads and obtain the solution
3- Review the results

3.1. Build the Model

Main Menu> Preferences to LS-DYNA Explicit
- Define the element types and real constants
- Specify material models
- Define the model geometry
- Mesh the model
- Define contact surfaces

3.1.1. Define Element Types and Real Constants

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Element Type
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Real Constants

3.1.2. Specify Material Properties

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models
In order to specify an orthotropic model that is not aligned with the global
Cartesian coordinate system, you must first define the local coordinate
system with the EDLCS command (menu path
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Local CS> Create Local CS.)
For some material models, you may also need to use the EDCURVE command
to define data curves associated with the material (e.g., a stress-strain curve).
(To access EDCURVE in the GUI, pick
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Curve Options.)

3.1.3. Define the Model Geometry

3.1.4. Mesh the Model
Meshing involves three main steps:
- Set the element attributes
- Set mesh controls
- Generate the mesh
MAIN Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh Tool

3.1.5. Define Contact Surfaces

Main Menu> Preprocessor> LS-DYNA Options> Contact> Define Contact

 :
: Single Surface .
:Node to Surface .
:Surface to Surface .
.

 :
:Automatic contact , General normal
Ansys
. .
:Eroding Contact

.

:Rigid Contact

.
.
:Break Tied Contact , Tied Contact
) (Contact Surface
. ,
. Break Tied .
. .
.

:Edge Contact
.
:Draw Bead , Forming Contact

.

 : : DC
: VC

) = + ( ). EXP ( DC .V
rel

F max = VC * A contact

Components:
Menu> Select> Comp/Assembly> Create Component

Rigid Bodies:
- Select Rigid Element
- The Definition of PART
Main Menu> Preprocessor> LS-DYNA Options> >Part Option
Deform to Rigid
Main Menu> Solution>Rigid-Deformable>switch

Normal Vector of surface:

view normal vectors:
Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Symbols- >ESYS(Element Coordinate system)

Inverse direction of normal vectors:

Main Menu > Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Contact Pair-- >Flip
Normals

3.2. Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution

Array Parameters:
Menu> Parameters> Array Parameters> Define/Edit

Menu> Solution> Loading Options> Specify Loads

(.)
Basic input for this command is a component name or part number and two array
parameter names or a load curve ID number (LCID). The component specified must
contain the nodes or elements on which the load is being applied. The array parameters
specified must contain time varying load data (one array for time values and one array
for the corresponding load values; the two arrays must be the same length). As an
alternative to inputting the array parameters on the EDLOAD command, you can define
the load curve using the EDCURVE command

Loads Applicable in an Explicit Dynamics Analysis

3.2.2. Initial Velocities

only shell and beam elements have rotation degrees of freedom
Menu> Solution> Initial Velocity
Main Menu> Solution> Initial Velocity> On Nodes> w/Nodal Rotate (VELO
option)
Main Menu> Solution> Initial Velocity> On Nodes> w/Axial Rotate (VGEN
option)
Main Menu> Solution> Initial Velocity> On Parts> w/Nodal Rotate (VELO
option)
Main Menu> Solution> Initial Velocity> On Parts> w/Axial Rotate (VGEN
option)

 :
Nodal Rotate .
Axial Rotate
Nodal Rotate Beam Sheal

3.2.3. Constraints
.

Menu> Solution> Constraints> Apply

4.2.2. Welds
Main Menu> Preprocessor> LS-DYNA Options> Spotweld> Massless
Spotwld
Main Menu> Preprocessor> LS-DYNA Options> Spotweld> Genrlizd
Spotwld

4.5. Temperature Loading

You may need to define temperature loading in an explicit dynamic analysis in
order to accommodate temperature dependent materials, or to include the
effects of thermally induced stresses. Temperature loading is applicable to the
PLANE162, SHELL163, and SOLID164 element types. The ANSYS LS-DYNA
program offers several types of temperature loading:
- Time-varying temperature applied to a nodal component (EDLOAD)
- Constant temperature applied to all nodes in the model (TUNIF / BFUNIF)
- Temperature results from an ANSYS thermal analysis applied as non-uniform
temperature loads (that do not vary with time) in a subsequent explicit dynamic analysis
(LDREAD; also requires a sequential solution)

Chapter 5. Solution Features

TIME CONTROLS
POST1 is used to review results over the entire model at specific time-points.
POST26 is used to track specific nodal and element result items over a more
detailed load history.

 -1 :
Main Menu> Solution> Time Controls>Solution Time
:
.
-2 :
Main Menu> Solution> Output Control> File Output Freq
Specify File Output Frequency EDRST
POST 1 EDHTIME
POST26 .

Solve the problem:

Main Menu> Solution> Solve>Current LS

View The Result:

General Postprocessor
or
Time History Postprocessor

TRANSIENT DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

 :
) TIME HISTORY (
.
.

 :
1- FULL METHOD
2- REDUCED METHOD
3- MODE SUPERPOSITION METHOD

: FULL METHOD

.

, ... .
:
.

 :
MASTER DEGREE OF FREEDOM .
. - .

 ) (single pass ) (Expantion.

.
- .

: REDUCED METHOD
MASTER DEGREE OF FREEDOM
.
.

 :
- FULL METHOD.

 :
. AUTOMATIC TIME STEPPING . ... . MDOF .

Mode Superposition Method

.
.
LVSCALE
Power Dynamics
.

 :
Automatic Time Stepping . . - .

 :FULL
. .
.
.

 .
) ( . 20
.

.

 .

.

0.2
0.0002 0.001
1 2.5
1 0.4 .


Step
.

 ) (
) .
(
) ( . .

 Stress Stiffening :
-1 ) ( NLGEOM,OFF .
-2
.

 .
: -1 Btea
-2

 :
:FULL
.
) (
:

 . TIMINT . Stress Stiffening . - .

 . - .

 :
M
Y Y
t r.

t r = 0.075(sec)
I zz = 800.6(in 4 )
L = 240(in)
Fmax = 20(kips )
H = 18(in)
E = 30e3(kpsi )
kpsi sec 2

M = 0.025067
in

 :

) 0.075 ( ,
0.1
. .

 :
Full Time History - )(Straight Forward