1. HumanisticLearning Theory 2.

In this theory, Each Individual is unique and that all individuals have a desire to grow in a positive way.

3. Cornerstones of aHumanistic approach to Learning 4. Spontaneity Importance of feelings and emotions The right of individual to make their own choices Human Creativity

5. Like the psychodynamic theory, Humanistic perspective is largely a motivational theory. From a humanistic perspective, motivation is derived from each persons needs, subjective feelings about self and the desire to grow.

6. Transfer of learning is facilitated by: Curiosity Positive Self Concept Open situations where people respect individuality and promote freedom

7. Proponents of Humanistic learning theory 8. Abraham Maslow He first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" and his subsequent book, Motivation and Personality.

9. Maslows hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid, with the largest and most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom, and the need for self actualization at the top. The most fundamental and basic four layers of the pyramid contain what Maslow called "deficiency needs" or "d-needs": esteem, friendship and love, security, and physical needs.

10. Maslows theory suggests thatthe most basic level of needsmust be met before the individualwill strongly desire (or focusmotivation upon) the secondary orhigher level needs.

11. Physiological needs For the most part, physiological needs are obvious they are the literal requirements for human survival. If these requirements are not met, the human body simply cannot continue to function.

12. Safety needs In the absence of physical safety -- due to war, natural disaster, or, in cases of family violence, childhood abuse, etc. -- people (re-experience ) post-traumatic disorder and trans-generational trauma transfer.

13. In the absence of economic safety -- due to economic crisis and lack of work opportunities - these safety needs manifest themselves in such things as a preference for job security, grievance procedures for protecting the individual from unilateral authority, savings accounts, insurance policies, reasonable disability accommodations, and the like.

14. Love and belonging The need is especially strong in childhood and can over-ride the need for safety as witnessed in children who cling to abusive parents.

15. Deficiencies with respect to this aspect of Maslows hierarchy - due to hospitalization, neglect, etc. - can impact individuals ability to form and maintain emotionally significant relationships in general, such as: Friendship Intimacy Family

16. Esteem All humans have a need to be respected and to have self-esteem and self-respect. Esteem presents the normal human desire to be accepted and valued by others.

17. Self-actualization What a man can be, he must be. This forms the basis of the perceived need for self-actualization. This level of need pertains to what a persons full potential is and realizing that potential.

18. Carl Rogers He was an influential American psychologist and among the founders of the Humanistic approach to psychology.

19. According to him, what people want is unconditional positive self regard(the feeling of being loved without strings attached) The role of any educator and leader in this approach is to be a facilitator

20. Listening rather than talking is the skill needed. Learners choose what is to be learned and Educators serves as resource persons who will help guide learners to make wise decisions/choices.

21. Primary goal in this approach should be... Fostering: Curiosity Enthusiasm Initiative Responsibility Enduring

22. Humanistic psychology.. contends that feelings and emotions are the keys to learning, communication and understanding Tell me how you feel is much more important statement to humanists rather than Tell me what you think

23. Weaknesses of the theory

24. The theory has been criticized for promoting self -centered learners who cannot take criticisms or compromise their deeply felt positions The touchy-feely approach of the humanists makes some learners and educators feel truly uncomfortable.

25. Facts, information, memorization, drill, practice and the tedious work which humanists minimize and sometimes disdain have been found to contribute to significant learning, knowledge building, and skill development

1. HUMANISM 2. 3. Focus of Humanism Focus placed on the affective dimension of the learning process

4. View of Learning Cognitive skills must be developed within the context of the learners feelings, needs and emotions

5. View of Learning Education is the development of the whole person not merely the transmission of knowledge and skills

6. Erik Erikson Identified 8 predetermined stages in human psychological development, each with its particular challenges.

7. Eriksons Stages Each stage deals with thoughts, emotions, feelings that must be handled appropriately to facilitate a persons learning

8. Challenges well handled moves smoothly to the next stage, in a strong position to deal with the challenges there

9. Dealing with the Challenges Challenges well handled moves smoothly to the next stage, in a strong position to deal with the challenges there

10. Dealing with the Challeges Challenges inadequately handled will constantly reappear throughout the persons life, hindering his being able to deal appropriately with subsequent stages and their challenges

11. Competence, Fidelity Challenge (Adolescence) search for personal identity Successfully handled develops a strong sense of self-identity / self acceptance, less susceptible to peer pressure, has high hopes for the future

12. Inadequately handled role confusion, anti-social behaviour, aimlessness, no fixed goals towards which to aspire

13. Implications for learning Encourage learners to think for themselves, come to conclusions, to express themselves in constructive ways

14. Bases of Maslow's theory Human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs Certain lower needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be addressed.

15. Abraham Maslow Follow the link for an illustration of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and some related factors

16. Deficiency needs Psychological, biological needs. If these are not satisfied or fulfillment is disrupted the higher order needs cannot be met

17. Being Needs Personal fulfillment in terms of cognitive and aesthetic development and the realization of ones full potential

18. Revised Structure Self actualization Aesthetic needs Cognitive needs Need for self-esteem Need for interpersonal closeness Need for safety / security / belonging Basic biological needs

19. Implications for the Classroom Learners may experience difficulties in learning because basic needs are not catered for either at home or at school

20. Implications Importance of establishing a secure environment where learners feel that they belong, receive / give respect, encouraged to be creative

21. Implications Should be able to experience a sense of freedom with a counterbalancing sense of responsibility

22. Implications Activities should be challenging, encourage curiosity, structured to facilitate the development of critical thinking skills, to help learners realize their potential

23. Application Maintain a low affective filter Cater for psychological elements feelings, emotions. Treat errors tactfully

24. Application Design purposeful tasks Encourage creativity and initiative Enable learners to develop as individuals in their own right

25. Social Interactionism Combination of Cognitive and Humanist perspectives of learning processes Cognitive, social and emotional development inextricably linked in the learning process

26. Focus placed on the importance of the learning context (climate, environment) and the nature of social and communicative interaction in the classroom

27. Domains of the Learning Environment / Context Physical physical aspects of the classroom Social competitive, cooperative, individualistic Instructional selection of content, materials, methods, teaching and assessment strategies

28. Psychological concerns the creation and maintenance of a positive and warm classroom environment which supports learning and the development of confidence and self-esteem. Learners are willing to use the language, to learn from mistakes try out new ways to express meanings make mistakes without feqr

29. Lev Vygotsky Children are born into a social world and learning occurs through interaction with people Supports a

communicative approach to language teaching learning the language through using the language for meaningful communication

30. Effective learning results from the interaction between two persons with different levels of knowledge teacher or more competent peer / learner

31. SUMMARY Learning is a complex process with cognitive, affective and social dimensions. It is linked with feelings, attitudes and self-concepts Learning cannot take place in a vacuum. Physical and psychological conditions must support learning

32. Learning is influenced by the context in which it occurs (physical, psychological, social, learning task) Learning differs from individual to individual Learning is a lifelong process

33. Forms of Learning A quantitative increase in knowledge Rote learning, memorization Acquisition of facts and procedures to be retained and / or applied Abstraction of meaning Interpretive process

34. Factors affecting Learning LEARNING Cognitive Dimension Affective Dimension Piaget, Bloom, Ausubel Learning styles Psychological Factors - emotions, attitudes, motivation Phys and soc aspects of the learning env, C/room culture

2. What you should know An approach that believes that learning is viewed as a personal act to fulfill ones potential Carl Maslow & Carl Rogers were key players in the evolution of the Humanistic

3. How It Is Used Teachers may implicate the I think therefore I Am theory in their classroomsFor example: thinking one will do well , increases the chance that one may actually do well. Teachers can encourage students to think this way, and perhaps

4. Key Components The humanistic theory could be described as the development of self-actualized people. Learning is student centered and personalized, and the educators role is that of a

5. In the Classroom It is the means to progress towards the pinnacle of self- development, which Maslow terms SelfActualization A child learns because they are inwardly driven, and derives their reward from the

6. What I think I think that this is the most effective way to get students motivated and inspired to do well. I think that students have the ability to do as well as they believe they can do, and the

. About HumanismS Humanism is a belief system that began in the 1960s.S It focuses on a persons dignity, freedom, and their potential.S Humanists hold the belief that all people are inherently good and possess unlimited potential for their own personal growth and development.S A main purpose of humanism is the development of people who become selfactualized.S Learning is student centered and very personalized according to each individual.

3. Important FiguresS Carl Rogers -Known as the founder of person-centered psychotherapy. -Inventor of counseling. Leader in development of humanistic approaches to education.S Abraham Maslow -Father of Humanistic Psychology. -Placed emphasis on choice, creativity, values, self-realization, and believed that meaningfulness and subjectivity were more important than objectivity. -Famous for proposing Hierarchy of NeedsS John Holt -American author and educator. -Proponent of homeschooling. -Pioneer in youth rights movement.

4. Maslows Hierarchy of NeedsS Maslow believed that we should study and cultivate peak experiences as a way of providing a route to achieving personal growth, integration, and fulfillment.S Individuals most likely to have peak experiences are self- actualized, mature, healthy, and self-fulfilled. However, all individuals are capable of peak experiences.

5. Approaches In EducationS Open Classroom -Student centered with focus on individual growth, critical thinking, commitment to lifelong learning. -Not age/grade specific nor

curriculum boundS Learning Styles -Allow student to use a learning style that suits them.S Co-operative Learning -Students engage with one in other to work towards to a common goalS Experimental Learning -Learning from experience that addresses the needs and wants of the learner

6. In The ClassroomS As a teacherto help encourage the children to feel good about themselves would involve an understanding of ones strengths and weaknesses, and a belief in ones ability to improve.S We are showing the learners how learning is not an end, but a means to progress towards the pinnacle of self-development, which Maslow terms Selfactualization where a child learns because he or she is inwardly driven, and derives his or her reward from the sense of achievement.S These intrinsic rewards are rewards from within oneself, rather like a satisfaction of a need. This accords with the humanistic approach, where education is really about creating a need within the learner and instilling within the learners self- motivation.

7. Teachers RolesS Without Technology: -Teacher serves more as a facilitator encouraging the student to learn and discover for themselves.S With Technology: -Help incorporate various techniques in researching information and using the internet as a tool.

8. Students RolesS Without Technology: -Learning on a first hand basis how to find the answer and being accountable for the discovery of your own solutions.S With Technology: -Helping to assist students in using cooperative teamwork strategies

while learning different tools to take with them outside the classroom.

9. Humanism & TechnologyS eLearning is a big proponent in individual learning because students can go at their own paces and openly discover for themselves.S Florida Virtual School as a component in allowing for individual progress with their education. Also goes along well with the ideas John Holt upheld.S Wikispaces and Blogs are a great tool for collaborative learning which sparks creativity and self discovery.

10. Information CreditsS Humanistic Approaches to TeachingS Learning TheoriesS Humanistic Learning Theories

11. Graphic CreditsS Florida Virtual School ImageS Team Building ImageS Maslows Hierarchy