Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
+
+
=
1
2
) (
) (
ln
) (
A
B A
A
A
B A
A
B A
A
A
y
N N
N
y
N N
N
F
N N
N
N (3.1)
The term F is called mass transfer coefficient. The value of F depends on the
local nature of the fluid motion. It is a local mass transfer coefficient defined for a
particular location on the interface. Its variation depends on the effect of variation
in concentrations y
A1
and y
A2
on the flux. In case of equimolar counter diffusion
and transfer of one substance though stagnant another substance, special mass
transfer coefficients are generally used which are defined as:
rence) tion diffe (concentra t) coefficien (a Flux = (3.2)
How mass transfer rate is calculated when there is bulk motion (turbulent) in the
medium? The answer will be addressed in this study. Convective mass transfer
NPTEL Chemical Mass Transfer Operation 1
Joint initiative of IITs and IISc Funded by MHRD Page 2 of 4
is of two types, namely, forced convection mass transfer and free convection
mass transfer. The concept of mass transfer coefficient is to develop a simple
and practically helpful approach to convective mass transfer problems.
Mass transfer rate (W
A
) is proportional to:
(i) concentration driving force (AC
A
)
(ii) area of the contact between phases (a)
Hence, W
A
o (oAX
A
) (3.3)
W
A
=k
c
aAC
A
(3.4)
where k
c
is proportionality constant, called mass transfer coefficient.
Mass transfer rate, W
A
can also be expressed in terms of molar flux, N
A
as:
W
A
= aN
A
= k
c
aAC
A
(3.5)
A
A
c
C
N
k
A
= (3.6)
3.1.2 Types of mass transfer coefficients
- Mass transfer occurs in gas/liquid phase
- Choice of driving force (concentration, partial pressure, mole fraction)
- Diffusion of A through non-diffusing B/equimolar counter diffusion of A
and B.
Diffusion of A through non-diffusion B (N
B
=0)
N
A
=k
G
(p
A1
-p
A2
)=k
y
(y
A1
-y
A2
)=k
c
(C
A1
-C
A2
) Gas phase (3.7)
N
A
=k
x
(x
A1
-x
A2
)=k
L
(C
A1
-C
A2
) Liquid phase (3.8)
Subscripts (1 and 2) refer two positions in a medium.
For gas phase diffusion we know,
NPTEL Chemical Mass Transfer Operation 1
Joint initiative of IITs and IISc Funded by MHRD Page 3 of 4
BM
A A AB
A
p RT
p p P D
N
=
o
) (
2 1
(3.9)
where,
1
2
1 2
ln
) (
B
B
B B
BM
p
p
p p
p
= and o is film thickness.
Equating Equation (3.7) and Equation (3.9),
BM
AB
G
p RT
P D
k
=
o
(3.10)
Again,
BM
A A AB
BM
A A AB
A
p RT
y y P P D
p RT
p p P D
N
=
o o
) ( ) (
2 1 2 1
(3.11)
Equating Equation (3.7) and Equation (3.11),
BM
AB
y
p RT
P D
k
=
o
2
(3.12)
Also,
BM
A A AB
BM
A A AB
A
p
C C P D
p RT
p p P D
N
=
o o
) ( ) (
2 1 2 1
(3.13)
Equating Equation (3.7) and Equation (3.13),
BM
AB
c
p
P D
k
=
o
(3.14)
For liquid phase diffusion,
) (
2 1 A A
av BM
AB
A
x x
M x
D
N |
.
|
\
|
=
o
(3.15)
where,
1
2
1 2
ln
) (
B
B
B B
BM
x
x
x x
x
= and
av
M
|
.
|
\
|
is average molar concentration.
Equating Equation (3.8) and Equation (3.15),
av BM
AB
x
M x
D
k
|
.
|
\
|
=
o
(3.16)
Also,
) ( ) (
2 1 2 1 A A
BM
AB
A A
av BM
AB
A
C C
x
D
x x
M x
D
N
= |
.
|
\
|
=
o
o
(3.17)
NPTEL Chemical Mass Transfer Operation 1
Joint initiative of IITs and IISc Funded by MHRD Page 4 of 4
Equating Equation (3.8) and Equation (3.17),
BM
AB
L
x
D
k
=
o
(3.18)
Conversions: k
c
=RTk
G
; k
y
=Pk
G
;
L
av
x
k
M
k
|
.
|
\
|
=