Develop pupils ability to listen to information with understanding and precision

The active process of receiving and responding to spoken (and sometimes unspoken) messages

Auditory discrimination

Comprehension discrimination

Hearing vs Listening

Definition
Respond to the message in the text as well as to non-verbal cues

Approach

Listening is an active process

Aims
Respond to a number of familiar topics

Respond to the information heard in a variety of ways

Process involved in listening

Bottom up processing

Top down processing

Pre listening

Stages in learning listening

Post listening

While listening

Contextualization

Listening for gist

Teaching Listening
Pre-Teach Vocabulary Maintaining good social relations Maximize the use of material that is relevant

Speakers Type of text

Task

Steps For Developing Listening Activities

Selection of listening materials

Situation

Content of text

Listeners
Same skill different output

Listening for specific information

Prediction

Combine listening and speaking

Academic purposes

Purposes of listening

For entertain
ment

For obtaining information necessary

Use authentic language and contexts

Principles for teaching listening

Focus on process
Jigsaw listening

Strategis for dealing with a heterogeneous class

Enrichment material

Focus on comprehending meaning

Same output different output

Set difficulty level appropriately

The action of conveying information or expressing one's thoughts and feelings in spoken language.
Interactional functions

Transactional function

Interactional function

Functions

Presentation

Definition

The functions of language

Topics

Process Involved In Speaking

Linguistic forms

Stages in an oral lesson

Production

Practice

Language elements

Aims
Aesthetic or entertainme nt functions

Transactional functions

Social appropr iacy

Automati city of response

Give more demanding tasks to better students

Model dialogues Language drill Communicative games

Teaching Speaking
Information gap Describe Build
relations hips

Prepare two kinds of workshets for production stage

Strategis For Dealing With A Mixed Ability Groups

Give all students the same task but expect higher levels of sophistication from better students

Prepare some difficult and some easy worksheets/rol es

Problem solving

Types of activities

Handle errors sensitively and effectively Adequate preparation for class

Take account of the student as a person

Reduce anxiety by moving from easy to more difficult Maintain a careful balance between accuracy and fluency Provide a good model for students to imitate

Discourse chain Role play

Opinion gap

Narrate

Express and share feelings, ideas, and opinions

Purposes of Speaking

Influence and persuade

Explain, report, and inform

Monitor student activity

Give clear instructions

Principles Of Teaching Speaking

Vary interaction modes

Provide appropriate stimuli for eliciting speech

Help pupils to become independent reader Acquire the skills , strategies and attitude required to make sense of text

Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension)

Phonics

Sight Reading

openended questions

Develop response to a text

Definition

Approach
True-False questions

verbal techniques or dvlpmnt of silent reading skills

MCQ

Reading readiness
Stages in learning to read

Aims
Help pupils read at appropriate speed Prereading

Mature reading

Early reading

Help pupils read silently

stages in a reading lesson

Teaching Reading
Post reading Maintaining good social relations Maximize the use of material that is relevant For entertain Combine listening and speaking

Developmental reading

Stages in a reading lesson

Whilereading

guidelines for preparing a reading lesson

The Reading Lesson

selecting reading skills in the syllabus

Find a suitabl e text

Materials prepared before hand

Identify the skills you want to teach

grading and recycling skills

Academic purposes

Ways of dealing with mixed abilities in a reading lesson

ment

Use authentic language and contexts

Principles for teaching listening

Focus on process
Check on the timing of activities

Focus on comprehending meaning

Guidelines for preparing a reading lesson

Work through all the activities yourself

Think of a sequence of activities

For obtaining information necessary

Set difficulty level appropriately

Look through the sequence of activities

Work out the details of each activity

Comprehending a text

A list or collection of words or of words and phrases usually alphabetically arranged and explained or defined

Traditional direct approach

Indirect1, learner training approach

Metaphors and idioms

Register

Definition
Structures and functions can be used for comprehension and communication

Indirect2, natural approach

Words and their use

Collocati ons

Synonyms
Style

Aims
Develop Students Communicative Competence

Succesful second language use

Approach

Vocabulary Sense Relations

Hyponyms

Antonyms

Denotations

Homographs

Connotati ons

Teaching Vocabulary
Translation

Visual Techniques

Words and meaning

Polysem y

Techniques And Activities For Teaching Vocabulary

Verbal Techniques

Homophones

What does knowing a word mean?

The Use Of A Dictionary

Frequency

Learners own language

Homonymy

Active and passive use of words

Vocabulary Development

Factors influencing vocabulary developme nt Studentrelated factors

Principles for teaching vocabulary Cultural Factors

Teacher factors

Planning to Teaching Vocabulary

Learner factors

Active and passive vocabulary

Techniques for conveying meaning

Having a collection of vocabulary

Getting the grammar correct

Developing and organizing the content

Using a range of sentences

The Product Approach to writing

Linking ideas and information

Punctuating expressively Spelling Correctly

Using the conventions of genre

Select Topic

Return of drafts

Drafting

Revising

Editing

Writing

Pre Writing
Organize Ideas Generate Ideas
Making Improvements

Getting Feedback

Revising

Display

The Process Approach to writing

Publication

Presentation

Providing the situation

Preparation

Identifying the purpose

Editing, responding and evaluating Revising Modeling

The Genre Approach to writing

Independent Constructing

Considering The Genre

Planning

Brainstorming , Clustering

Drafting
Editing, responding and evaluating

Joint Constructing

Drafting