Processos de Negcios em uma empresa de Service-Oriented

Business Processes in a Service-Oriented Enterprise

by Dr. Michael Poulin,
Head of Business and Technology Architecture, BuTechCon Ltd.
michael.poulin@mpoulin.com

Service-Oriented Enterprise
Service-Oriented Enterprise (SOE) is a form of organisation of an enterprise that aims to business flexibility, particularly, to efficient adoption of changes in a highly dynamic market. While business processes in SOE are the same in essence, their mechanics require significant changes to provide business flexibility. The most radical changes take place in management that now has to address quickly shifting business execution context, external and internal.

A Concept of an Enterprise Organisation and its Model

A Concept of an Enterprise Organisation A Business Service

A Business Process
a business process is a series of steps designed to produce a product or service. [Rummler & Brache] A business process is finite, predictable and repeatable. A business process is defined by its business logic; a change in the logic results in new process. Business process is robust and inflexible. a Business Service is understood as a collaborative combination of manual, semi-automated and fully automated actions performed by people and machines aimed at providing certain business functionality and reaching certain business values and Real World Effect. Real World Effect is a measurable change to the state of pertinent entities, relevant to and experienced by specific stakeholders or participants of an ecosystem
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Inside-Out and Outside-In View Differences

Classical inside-out design methodology of a business process comprising following characteristics:

The goal of the process Collection of actions Metrics for the process, which minimally should include
Timeliness Efficiency Quality

An outside-in view on a simple business process cannot differentiate this process from a service because both of them look the same having:
Goals Objectives Inputs Outcomes Return results Real World Effect Input interface Output Interface Internal Events and Event notification Internal business logic (or orchestration with service invocation logic).

Feedback loops Triggers Necessary inputs and its frequency Outputs Tools A process owner A team of process workers Sub-processes and tasks

Service-Process-Service
Corporate Business Service business capability Corporate-level Business Process
Business Service Business Process
Service Process
Action

Example: Finance Capability(Service) Accounting Service Accounting Process {AccountPayable Service, AccountReceiveableService, GeneralLedger Service}
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No Separate Process-Layer Exists in the Business Structure

In the model of SOE, there are no dedicated layers of processes or services exist The same service may be used in different points of the enterprises business operational structure

From Process to Service: Example 1: Services Requirements

A Simple Process - message - service

- Service idea

The Simple Process changed for the Service implementation

From Process to Service: Example 2: Service Orchestrator

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From Process to Service: Example 3: Sequential Invocation

Dynamic Service Invocation from Process

For each step of the Process:
Several alternative services are preliminary contracted and announced in the Repository An available Service from a Repository is engaged based on required business functionality Engaged Service obtains its resources via information contained in the Registry

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A Business Process is a Business Service

We have to admit that from the business value perspective: Every business process is a business service; the opposite is not always true.

Dr. A. Samarin, an expert in business process management, says about the term proces : in real terms: All processes are services Some operations of a service can be implemented as a process, and A process includes services in its implementation.
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Why BPM is not Enough for SOE

Business Process Management has one major goal deliver high quality outcome to the process consumers. By definition, a process produces the outcome via repeating the same steps and preserving their stability, i.e. minimising any deviations. The letter is the second major goal of the management. One of the major mechanisms of addressing market or business changes in SOE is re-composability of services or flexibility. Service flexibility is based on continuous changes of the composition rules and participation of the same service in multiple compositions at the same time. If the operational model is processcentric, it will resist flexibility as a risk to the quality of the process outcome. BPM in SOE is still needed but as a means of the stable service implementation.
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Purpose Case Management in SOE

At each point of switching between BPM and ACM, and at each step of ACM, the decision about the next step should be verified with and justified by overall purpose of the operations.

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Business Process: Back to the Future

A business process is a graph of human or machine activities connected with some control nodes that provide decision support or flow logic. The process owns the set of activities to be performed as well as the conditions on when such activities will be performed Mark Fiammante, IBM,
Author of Dynamic SOA and BPM

Business Process is a repeatable sequence of conditional steps that deliver the same results or business values in the given business execution context. The Business Process owns the process logic and interacts with external providers on a contractual basis. [no actions but predefined logic explicitly dependent on the execution context]

Business processes realize courses of action. Courses of action are undertaken to ensure that the enterprise makes progress towards one or more of its goals. OMG [aka Everything is a process]

Business Process is The behaviour of two or more business partners in order to achieve a common business goal. European Committee of Standardisation [no order, rules or logic; no repeatable behaviour; no actions; no ownership fully lost content] [aka Everything we do is a process, all our interactions are a process]

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Food for Thought

TIP: Not everything we do in business is a business process not everything has a predefined logic, may be repeated and, even if repeated, provides the same outcome as before.

TIP: A business process is a repeatable sequence of conditional steps driven by business logic or business rules. Only process logic differentiates one process from another. If this logic changes, we have a new process.

TIP: Business services and implementing it business process uses business and technical resources that it usually does not own. This assures a high level of flexibility based on engagement of alternative resource and activity providers. TIP: Every business process is a business service; opposite is not always true.

TIP: In SOE, business service and business process are interchangeable in the hierarchy of service-processes except for the top and bottom layers of the hierarchy. TIP: In order to provide business flexibility, Business Process Management has to operate in conjunction with Adaptive Case Management in the Purpose Case Management framework.

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