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ICS 01.120

NRS 001:2004
Edition 2

ISBN 0-626-15771-4

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE DRAFTING AND PRESENTATION OF SPECIFICATIONS

N R S

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This rationalized user specification is issued by the Technology Standardization Department (TSD), Eskom, on behalf of the User Group given in the foreword and is not a standard as contemplated in the Standards Act, 1993 (Act No. 29 of 1993).

Table of changes Change No. Date Text affected

Correspondence to be directed to The NRS Projects Manager The Technology Standardization Department (TSD) Eskom PO Box 1091 Johannesburg 2000

Printed copies obtainable from Standards South Africa Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001

Website: http://www.nrs.eskom.co.za

Telephone Fax E-mail Website

: (012) 428-7911 : (012) 344-1568 : sales@sabs.co.za : http://www.stansa.co.za

COPYRIGHT RESERVED Printed in the Republic of South Africa by Standards South Africa 1 Dr Lategan Road, Groenkloof, Pretoria

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NRS 001:2004

Foreword
This code of practice (COP) was prepared by the Technology Standardization Department (TSD) on behalf of the Electricity Suppliers Liaison Committee (ESLC). At the time of the acceptance of this second edition of NRS 001, the TSD comprised the following members: K Singh (Chairperson) D Browse A Fredericks P A Johnson J Masango N Mavhungu L Mosime V Sewchand Annexes A, B, C, D and E are for information only. This edition cancels and replaces edition 1 (NRS 001:1998).

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NRS 001:2004

Introduction
The need has been identified for a code of practice (COP) that will ensure that specifications for the Electricity Supply Industry (ESI) are prepared and presented in a standardized format that will be easily understood by users of those specifications. This COP, which is aimed at satisfying this need, is not comprehensive. It is based on StanSA's recommended practice, ARP 013, which in turn is based on ISO/IEC Directives Part 3, and should be read in conjunction with ARP 013. The practices set out in this COP are intended to assist compilers of specifications in describing the functional and physical requirements to be met by a product, process or service. This COP can be used as a basis for drafting and presenting enquiry or tender documentation for procurement purposes. Model technical schedules are included at the back of this COP before the Bibliography. These can be used by a purchaser to prepare his own schedules to list any additional specific technical information necessary when a specification is to be used for procurement purposes. Details such as transportation and commercial data are not relevant to performance and should not be included in a specification. (They should, however, be included in invitations to tender or in enquiry documents.) Quality assurance requirements are part of the purchasers particular policies and do not relate to the technical nature of the product. This COP provides writers, typists and others involved with writing and publishing specifications with a uniform format a) that is in line with international and national good practice, b) that is flexible enough to cater for particular requirements, and c) that has model technical schedules for use in purchasing enquiries. The ESLC expresses the wish that, in the national interest, all electricity suppliers adopt the recommendations of this COP insofar as their particular conditions will permit.

Keywords
drafting, writing, practices, presentation, standard format, specifications.

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Contents
Page 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 3 2 Normative references .................................................................................................................... 3 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ............................................................................................ 3 4 Requirements ................................................................................................................................ 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 General .............................................................................................................................. Layout of document ........................................................................................................... Expansion of the content of elements ............................................................................... Typographical requirements .............................................................................................. Electronic imaging ............................................................................................................. Using technical schedules ................................................................................................. Consolidated editions ........................................................................................................ Reconfirmed editions ......................................................................................................... Table of changes ............................................................................................................... NRS and PIESA specifications .................................. 4 6 6 10 11 12 12 12 12 13

Annex A (informative) Structure and example of the layout of a typical specification . ............ 14 Annex B (informative) Verbal forms for the expression of provisions ............................................ 22 Annex C (informative) Miscellaneous information ........................................................................... 26 Annex D (informative) Example of a guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry ....................... 27 Annex E (informative) Example of a model form for schedules A and B ....................................... 29 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................... 30

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CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE DRAFTING AND PRESENTATION OF SPECIFICATIONS 1 Scope

This code of practice sets out a uniform format for specifications. This format is intended for use in the Electricity Supply Industry. The requirements of this code of practice can be applied, as far as they are appropriate, to the drafting of codes of practice, guides, user manuals and related technical documents.

2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this code of practice. At the time of publication, the references indicated were valid. Compilers of documents are encouraged to apply the most recent editions of the documents listed below. Information on currently valid national and international standards and specifications can be obtained from Standards South Africa. ARP 013, Rules for the structure and drafting of standards. ISO/IEC Guide 2, Standardization and related activities General vocabulary.

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

For the purposes of this code of practice, the terms, definitions and abbreviations given in ARP 013 and the following apply.

3.1 Terms and definitions

consolidated edition edition of a specification in which all approved amendments and technical corrigenda have been incorporated
NOTE The consolidation will be reflected in the advanced edition number that will reflect the year(s) of publication of the amendments and corrigenda and the publication date of the base document.

informative elements elements that are included in a document for information or guidance only and that are not considered to be part of the requirements of the document normative elements elements setting out the provisions to which it is necessary to conform in order to be able to claim compliance with the specification [ARP 013:1998, definition 3.2] standard document, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context [ISO/IEC Guide 2: definition 3.2]
NOTE Standards should be based on the consolidated results of science, technology and experience and should be aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits.

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NRS 001:2004 3.2 Abbreviations

ARP: COP: ESI:

a recommended practice, as written and published by StanSA code of practice electricity supply industry

ESLC: electricity suppliers liaison committee

4 Requirements 4.1 General

4.1.1 Objective
The objective of this document is to set out practices that will enable writers of specifications to define clear and unambiguous functional or physical provisions (or both) to be fulfilled by a product, process or service in accordance, where practicable, with internationally recognized standards. A specification shall a) be as complete as necessary within the limits specified by its scope, b) be consistent, clear and accurate, c) take full account of the state of the art of the particular technology of the subject, d) provide a framework for future technological development, e) be easily understood by persons who have not participated in its preparation, and f) be based on needs and not on wants. The recommended practices given in ARP 013 shall generally be applied, insofar as they apply to specifications for the ESI.

4.1.2 Style
To facilitate understanding by all readers, the language and style used in a technical specification shall be as simple and concise as possible. The reference works given in 6.6.2 of ARP 013:1998 and the following are recommended: Chambers Dictionary of Science and Technology, 1999.

4.1.3 Uniformity
The structure, style, terminology and numbering within each document and within a series of associated documents shall, as far as possible, be identical. The guidelines given in 4.2 of ARP 013:1998 shall apply.

4.1.4 Consistency of specifications

In order to achieve consistency, the text of every specification shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions of existing specifications and standards (see 4.3 of ARP 013:1998).

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4.1.5 General arrangement of subject matter

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As a general rule an individual specification shall be prepared for each subject to be standardized. A specification may be split into parts under the same number. It can be further subdivided into sections that deal with stand-alone components.

4.1.6 Description and numbering of divisions and subdivisions

4.1.6.1 Clause A clause is the basic component in the subdivision of the content of a specification. Clauses shall be numbered using arabic numerals beginning with 1 for the Scope clause. Each clause shall have a title (see 5.2.2 of ARP 013:1998). 4.1.6.2 Subclause A subclause is a numbered subdivision of a clause. A primary subclause, for example, 5.1 and 5.2, may be subdivided into secondary subclauses, for example, 5.1.1 and 5.1.2. Subclauses shall be numbered with arabic numerals as shown in the above examples. A subclause shall not be created unless there is at least one more subclause at the same level. For example, a piece of text in clause 10 shall not be numbered 10.1 unless there is a subclause 10.2 (see 5.2.3 of ARP 013:1998). 4.1.6.3 Paragraph A paragraph is an unnumbered subdivision of a clause or subclause. A hanging paragraph is the description given to a sentence or paragraph of text that is inserted into a numbered sequence in an element, immediately after a heading, but is not itself numbered. Hanging paragraphs shall be avoided. The text shall be incorporated into a suitable existing subclause or omitted if it does not pertain to the performance of the product. An example of the wrong way is: 4 Requirements Text (Unnumbered paragraph of text. This is a hanging paragraph.) 4.1 Xxx It should be: 4 Requirements 4.1 General Text 4.2 Xxxx Text (Original hanging paragraph of text plus paragraph of General text. A pictorial representation is given in 5.2.4 of ARP 013:1998).

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NRS 001:2004 4.2 Layout of document

The layout of the document shall be as follows: Foreword (unnumbered element) Introduction (unnumbered element) Keywords (unnumbered element) Table of contents (unnumbered element) 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 4 Requirements

NOTE If there are no test methods, marking requirements, other elements (see 4.3.12) or annexes, the document may be concluded after this element.

5 Test methods 6 Marking, labelling and packaging If required, some or all of the following elements may be used, being numbered consecutively from 7, as appropriate for a particular specification with the exception of the Guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry, which shall appear as annex A, and the Bibliography, which shall not be numbered. Recommended spare parts Training Documentation Annexes Bibliography

4.3 Expansion of the content of elements

4.3.1 Title of the specification
The full title shall appear, in identical wording, on the cover and before the Scope element.

4.3.2 Foreword
This element is not numbered. It shall not contain any requirements (see 6.1.5 in ARP 013:1998) Every specification shall contain a Foreword that gives information relating to the organization responsible for its production, for example: a) the name of the working group or the committee that prepared the specification, followed by the names of members of the working group or committee, in alphabetical order but headed by the name of the working group or committee chairman;

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b) c)

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information regarding the approval of the specification (see 6.1.5 of ARP 013:1998); and details of any document(s) superseded or replaced by the specification.

4.3.3 Introduction
This element is not numbered. The introduction shall explain briefly why the specification is necessary, the relation of the specification to SANS, PIESA or IEC standards of the same subject and the value that is added to the industry through implementation of the specification. It shall not contain any requirements (see 6.1.6. of ARP 013:1998).

4.3.4 Keywords
This element is not numbered. As the term infers, those words applicable to the subject should be included under this heading. The words shall be listed in all lower case and shall be separated by a comma. Keywords need not be in alphabetical order.

4.3.5 Table of contents

This element is not numbered. The table of contents shall be listed on "Page 1". The various elements of the specification shall be listed on this page.

4.3.6 Scope
This element shall be numbered 1, and shall normally appear on page 3. For a full description of what might be contained in the Scope, see 6.2.1 of ARP 013:1998.

4.3.7 Normative references

This element shall be numbered 2 and shall have an explanatory opening paragraph. The preferred wording is given in clause 2 of this COP. Normative references shall be arranged alphanumerically and shall not be dated. When there is a need to reference text in the requirements of the specification, it is then necessary to write the reference specification and year in the requirements of the specification (e.g. "table 3.1 of SANS 1234:2000"). This is necessary because it is possible that table 3.1 might not exist in the next edition of the referenced specification. Only documents that are freely available and that are mentioned in the text in a manner that makes their use essential for the application of the specification, shall be listed. To retain consistency of numbering of the clauses, insert Not applicable if there are no normative references.

4.3.8 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

This element shall be numbered 3. To retain consistency of numbering of the clauses insert Not applicable if there are no terms, definitions or abbreviations. Only terms, definitions and abbreviations that are used in the document shall be listed. All entries in this element shall be entered in alphabetical order and shall not be numbered. For the general format, see 6.3.1, 6.3.2 and annex C of ARP 013:1998.

4.3.9 Requirements
This element shall be numbered 4 and shall contain the following: a) all characteristics relevant to the aspect(s) of the product(s), process(es), or service(s) covered by the specification, either explicitly or by reference (see 6.3.3 of ARP 013:1998);

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NRS 001:2004
b) c)

the required limiting values of quantifiable characteristics; and for each requirement, either a reference to the test method for determining or verifying the values of the characteristic, or the test method itself ( see 6.3.5 of ARP 013:1998).

All requirements for the marking or labelling of equipment where such marking or labelling is essential for the correct and safe application or operation of the equipment, equipment rating plates and cable marking requirements, shall be included. If a specification specifies requirements for different sizes of equipment and different voltages, currents, etc., this clause shall be split into generic (common) requirements and specific (size, voltage or current) requirements. Where technical schedules based on the specification are prepared to facilitate purchasing, all specific requirements (size, voltage or current) shall be given in the schedules. Text from NRS, national and international standards shall be referred to, when applicable, but not repeated. Only supplementary and differing requirements shall be given in detail.

4.3.10 Test methods

This element shall be numbered 5 and shall specify all tests required, including inspections and procedures (see 6.3.5 of ARP 013:1998). To retain consistency of numbering if elements numbered beyond 5 are used, insert Not applicable if there are no test methods. Where relevant, there shall be a corresponding test for each requirement given in clause 4 of the specification.

4.3.11 Marking, labelling and packaging

4.3.11.1 This element shall be numbered 6. To retain consistency of numbering if elements numbered beyond 6 are used, insert Not applicable if there are no requirements for marking, labelling or packaging. 4.3.11.2 All marking, labelling and packaging required for transportation or storage (or both) or disposal, shall be specified in this clause. If there is a requirement for technical information labels on equipment, transformers, pressure vessels, etc., this requirement shall be specified in element 4 (see 4.3.9). 4.3.11.3 This clause may include labels for specific requirements for the product (for example, handling instructions, date of manufacture). 4.3.11.4 For some equipment, it might be necessary to specify that the equipment is accompanied by warning notices, hazard warnings, or by instructions to the user or installer, and to specify the nature of the warning notices and instructions. 4.3.11.5 If any specific documentation relating to transportation (customs clearance requirements etc.) or storage is required, this information shall be given in the form of a requirement in this clause.

4.3.12 Specific optional items

4.3.12.1 General Where applicable, the items covered in 4.3.12.2 to 4.3.12.4 shall be included and the elements numbered consecutively, starting from 7. 4.3.12.2 Recommended spare parts Where applicable, any recommendations for spare parts that will be necessary for anticipated maintenance shall be included in this element; alternatively the requirement could be included in equipment-specific technical schedules.

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4.3.12.3 Training Where applicable, any training required by the purchaser in the use of the equipment covered by a specification shall be included in this element; alternatively the requirement could be included in equipment-specific technical schedules (see 4.6). 4.3.12.4 Documentation Where applicable, any documentation required to operate or use the equipment that is to be provided by the supplier, shall be specified in this element.

4.3.13 Annexes
4.3.13.1 General Annexes shall contain supplementary information of either a normative or an informative nature. The information may be presented as formulas, graphs, drawings, tables or text. Annexes shall have alpha identifiers starting with A and be presented in the order in which they appear in the text. The two types of annexes are described in 4.3.13.2 and 4.3.13.3. When clauses, paragraphs, tables or figures in an annex are numbered, the annex alpha identifier shall precede the number. 4.3.13.2 Normative annexes Normative annexes contain information that forms an integral part of the specification, which is more conveniently presented as an annex. Where a specification includes reference drawings, the numbers and titles of these drawings shall be listed in a normative annex and copies of the drawings may be included as part of that annex. 4.3.13.3 Informative annexes Informative annexes contain information that might help the reader to understand and apply the specification. An informative annex does not form part of the requirements of a specification. 4.3.13.4 Guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry and model form for technical schedules A guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry shall always appear in annex A of the specification. An example of a model form for technical schedules shall always appear in annex B of the specification. Reference to these annexes shall be made in the Scope of the specification.
NOTE Examples of the guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry and the model form are given in annexes D and E.

4.3.14 Bibliography
The number and title of related specifications are included in the Bibliography. Do not include normative references. Only informative references and other relevant specifications shall be included in the Bibliography. A bibliography is not numbered. Do not add the year and amendment details of specifications listed in the bibliography of the specification.

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NRS 001:2004 4.4 Typographical requirements

4.4.1 Page set-up

10

Recommendations that cover page headers, footers and margins are given in annex A.

4.4.2 Fonts and margins

Recommended types and sizes of font, indenting, margins and other typographical requirements are given in the examples in annex A. Typographical requirements are printed in italics, in parentheses, next to the appropriate heading or example of text.

4.4.3 Page header and page layout

4.4.3.1 The header of each page shall contain the specification number, the year of publication and the page number, set out as shown in the example in annex A. When specifications are to be printed on both sides of the page, the specification number and date of publication shall be on the left-hand side in the case of even-numbered pages and on the righthand side in the case of odd-numbered pages. The use of the recommended page layout in annex A will facilitate this process. 4.4.3.2 If the Contents, Foreword and Introduction cover only two pages then the specification shall start on page 3 and there shall be no blank page. The inside cover (including the Table of changes) shall remain unchanged. The "Foreword" page shall not be numbered. The next page "Introduction" and the "Keywords" shall also not be numbered. The page thereafter shall be the "Contents" page and shall be numbered page 1. The next page shall be left intentionally blank (unless the content page runs over two pages and shall be marked page 2). The next page (i.e. page 3) shall contain the "Title" and "Scope". Unlike the StanSA practice, the "Foreword" and "Introduction" shall not be listed in the contents page. 4.4.3.3 The different page layouts shall be in accordance with those in annex A.

4.4.4 Annex page headings

The heading of an annex page, for example Annex A, shall be 13 point font, in bold, in the centre of the page, and this shall be on every page of that annex. The status of an annex (normative or informative) shall be indicated under the heading of the annex on the first page. In multi-page annexes the pages following the first page shall have (continued) under the heading. The last page of a multi-page annex shall have (concluded) under the heading.

4.4.5 Representation of numbers and numerical values

4.4.5.1 The decimal sign shall be a comma, on the line. 4.4.5.2 If a value less than 1 is written in decimal form, the decimal sign shall be preceded by a zero as follows, 0,15 %, 0,75 mm, etc. 4.4.5.3 Each group of three digits reading to the right or left of a decimal sign shall be separated by a space from preceding or following digits respectively. Four-digit numbers designating years shall not be separated.

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4.4.6 Figures

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Each figure shall be inserted immediately after it has been referred to in the text or, if the figure is larger than the space available on a page, on the next page. The figure number and title shall be centralized immediately below the figure. If a figure (or consecutive figures) covers one or more pages, it might be preferable to put them in an annex. Figures shall be presented in accordance with 6.6.4 of ARP 013:1998. All text within the boundaries of a drawing shall be the same font size. The preferred font size range for this text is 9 pt to 10 pt. If all dimensions are given in the same units, the units shall be stated in the top right-hand corner of the drawing. Dimensions with more than three digits shall be written with a space after the first digit, for example, 1 800. If a specification contains a large number of figures, which might be drawings that were produced independently of the specification, it might be preferable to put all the figures into one annex and give a list of the figures in the annex.

4.4.7 Tables
Each table shall be inserted immediately after it has been referred to in the text or, if the table is larger than the space available on a page, on the next page. The table number and title shall be centralized immediately above the table. If a table covers one or more pages, it might be preferable to put it in an annex. The text in a table shall be 9 point. Tables shall be presented in accordance with 6.6.5 of ARP 013:1998.

4.4.8 Equations
Equations shall be expressed in mathematically correct form and shall be presented in accordance with 6.6.9 of ARP 013:1998. An example of the presentation of an equation is given in annex A.

4.4.9 Footnotes
The use of footnotes is not recommended.

4.4.10 Notes integrated in the text

Notes integrated in the text of a specification shall only be used to give additional information intended to assist the understanding or use of a specification. They shall not contain requirements. Notes shall be presented in accordance with 6.5.1 of ARP 013:1998.

4.4.11 Notes to figures and tables

4.4.11.1 Notes to figures shall be treated independently from notes integrated in the text. They shall not contain requirements. Notes to figures shall be presented in accordance with 6.6.4.8 of ARP 013:1998. 4.4.11.2 Notes to tables shall be treated independently from notes integrated in the text. They shall not contain requirements. Notes to tables shall be presented in accordance with 6.6.5.6 of ARP 013:1998.

4.5 Electronic imaging

There is an increasing demand for specifications to be available electronically, for reading and printing. The software and equipment used to prepare and print the final, approved hard (paper) copy shall be such that when a specification is accessed by anyone using their own equipment, the image is a true image of the content of the original, approved, paper master copy.

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4.6 Using technical schedules

4.6.1 If a purchaser has requirements that are not specifically covered in a specification, technical schedules that specify his particular requirements can be added to his enquiry document. This necessity shall be recognized by a working group when a specification is compiled. With regard to variables, the text of the specification shall refer to technical schedules. For example, the climatic conditions in which the equipment is to be operated will be specified in the purchasers particular requirements schedule, or, the dimensions of the component offered shall be stated in the tenderers schedule of equipment offered. Where reference is made (in the requirements of the specification) to the model form for technical schedules for the first time, reference shall also be made to the guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry (i.e. reference annexes A and B for the first time). 4.6.2 Technical schedules shall not be a repetition of the specification in table unnecessary and bad practice to repeat in the schedule items that are covered in the The information in technical schedules shall only be that which is not covered in the specific operating conditions, equipment ratings or materials that are not covered specification. format. It is specification. specification; in a generic

4.6.3 The schedules prepared by the purchaser shall include spaces in the schedule page headers for the enquiry number or name and the name of the tenderer and places for signature and date at the bottom of the page.

4.7 Consolidated editions

All approved amendments to a specification shall be published by incorporation of the amendments in a new, consolidated edition of the specification. This shall be stated at the top right-hand side of the front cover under the specification number. The specification edition number shall show the consolidation and adopt the year of publication of the latest amendment, for example, Edition 1.1(2002). First edition 2000 incorporating amendment No. 1:2002 modified as appropriate for the specification. Technical corrigenda shall be treated as amendments. The edition number shall be advanced after the decimal point whenever an amendment is incorporated. A consolidated edition shall be allocated a new international standard book number (ISBN). The Foreword of the specification shall be updated to explain the incorporation of an amendment and to indicate the working group and the members of any group that approved the amendment, for example, the ESLC. All information in the Foreword and the Introduction shall be checked for relevance, and shall be updated if necessary. The table of changes shall be updated (see 4.9).

4.8 Reconfirmed editions

All specifications shall have a default review period of five years. If the working group agrees that no changes are required and that use of the specification may continue in its current form, the current edition of the specification shall be reconfirmed by the approval group, for example, the ESLC. This shall be indicated on the front cover. Alongside the edition number the word "Reconfirmed" followed by the year of reconfirmation shall be printed.

4.9 Table of changes

Provision shall be made for the amendment history of the specification to be recorded in a table. The table shall contain the amendment number, the date of the amendment and a brief description of the amendment or the text affected. An example of a table of changes can be seen on the inside cover of this code of practice.

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13 4.10 NRS and PIESA specifications

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The existence of the PIESA specification will be mentioned in the foreword of the NRS with an indication of whether the NRS is equivalent (or not) to the PIESA at the time of approval of the NRS. In the case of the NRS specification being equivalent to the PIESA specification, the following text shall be inserted in the foreword of the NRS specification: "This NRS specification is equivalent to PIESA 10XX Edition n." In the case of the NRS specification NOT being equivalent to the PIESA specification, the following text shall be inserted in the foreword of the NRS specification: "This NRS specification is not equivalent to PIESA 10XX Edition n, but provides similar technical requirements for application in the SA ESI".

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Annex A
(informative)

Structure and example of the layout of a typical specification A.1 Format of headings and text
The formats for headings and text used are as follows:

Heading 1 (13 point, bold) (Paragraph spacing before and after, 10 point)
Heading 2 (12 point, bold) (Paragraph spacing before and after, 10 point)
Heading 3 (11 point, bold) (Paragraph spacing before and after, 10 point)
Heading 4 (10 point) (Paragraph spacing before and after, 10 point) Text (10 point) (Paragraph spacing before and after, 6 point)

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Annex A
(continued)

A.2 Example of a Contents page

1 12 pt, bold NRS 000:1900
10 pt 10 pt 10 pt

Contents (Heading 1 font as in A.1)

Page(10 point) 1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Normative references ............................................................................................................. 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ..................................................................................... 4 Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 4.1 Heading .......................................................................................................................... 4.2 Heading .......................................................................................................................... 4.2.1 Heading (optional) ................................................................................................. 4.2.2 Heading (optional) ................................................................................................. 5 Tests ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Marking, labelling and packaging ........................................................................................... Annex A (normative/informative) Heading ............................................................................... Annex B (normative/informative) Heading ............................................................................... Bibliography ............................................................................................................................

For the contents list as given above, the size of the font is 10 point and clause numbers are bold, as indicated.

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Annex A
(continued)

A.3 Example of the presentation of a Foreword and an Introduction Foreword (Heading 1 font as in A.1)
Text (Text font as in A.1)

Introduction (Heading 1 font as in A.1)

Text (Text font as in A.1)

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NRS 001:2004

Annex A
(continued)

A.4 Example of the layout of the title page TITLE OF SPECIFICATION (capital letters, 13 point, bold) Part 2: (lower case, 13 point, bold) Part title (lower case, 13 point, not bold) 1 Scope (Heading 1 font as in A.1)
Text (Text font as in A.1)

2 Normative references (Heading 1 font as in A.1)

The following standard wording: In the case of PIESAs, the following note:
"NOTE Some of the international/regional standards that have been referenced might have been adopted by national standards bodies as national standards. The reader is therefore advised to enquire about the availability of such adoptions, as they will normally be more readily obtainable than the equivalent international/regional standards."

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Annex A
(continued)

A.5 Example of the layout of terms, definitions and abbreviations 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations (Heading 1 font as in A.1)
For the purposes of this specification, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply.

3.1 Terms and definitions (Heading 2 font as in A.1)

Word to be defined (unnumbered and alphabetical) Explanatory text. No article e.g. A, An, The etc. (Heading 3 font as in A.1) Example: acceptable acceptable to the administering authority

3.2 Abbreviations (Heading 2 font as in A.1)

Abbreviation (unnumbered and alphabetical): explanatory text. (Heading 3 font as in A.1 and text font as in A.1) Example: ESI: electricity supply industry

4 Requirements (Heading 1 font as in A.1)

4.1 Heading (Heading 2 font as in A.1)
4.1.1 Heading (Heading 3 font as in A.1)
4.1.1.1 Text ( 4 font as in A.1) 4.1.1.2 Text

4.1.2 Heading (Heading 3 font as in A.1)

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Annex A
(continued)

A.6 Example of a figure

Dimensions in millimetres

Concrete pole Bracket for two lintels Bolt through top blank hole

Conductor tension

Narrow face

Wide face Ground level 200

1 3 5 7

Positions of up to 7 lintels on narrow face of pole, alternating from top to bottom of the pole, and from front to rear

4 2 6

Figure 1 Title (10 point bold)

1 800

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Annex A
(continued

A.7 Example of the layout of an equation

t2 ta = where t2 is the temperature of windings when hot, expressed in degrees celcius; ta is the temperature of cooling medium, expressed in degrees celcius; R2 is the resistance of windings when hot, expressed in ohms; R1 is the resistance of windings when cold, expressed in ohms; T1 is the temperature of windings when cold, expressed in degrees celcius. The equation shall be set out in the format above. All variables shall be in italics and they shall be repeated in the explanation and any qualifier, whether in subscript or superscript, shall be in normal font. For example, nominal voltage: Vnom.x R2 (t 1 + 234,5) 234,5 t a (10 point) R1

A.8 Example of a table

Table 1 Heading (see Drawing title A.5)

1 Heading unit Heading 1,2 2,0 NOTE The table should be in 9 pt. 2 Heading Heading 2,2 11,0 3 4 Heading Heading 3,2 44,0

NOTE The paragraph spacing for the text within the table is: top 0,08 cm, bottom 0,04 cm, left 0,11 cm, right 0,11 cm.

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Annex A
(continued)

A.9 Example of list of data sheets/drawings

When many drawings and data sheets are to be attached to a specification, they shall be listed in alphanumerical order. This example provides a model format for such a list. This information can be normative or informative.

Annex B
(informative) The following data sheets (drawings) form part of this annex: Number Title DSB 035 Mechanical plate heat exchanger (example) etc.

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22 Annex B
(informative)

Verbal forms for the expression of provisions

B.1 General
The following information is taken from ARP 013.
NOTE Only singular forms are shown.

B.2 Verbal forms that indicate requirements

The verbal forms shown in table B.1 shall be used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the standard and from which no deviation is permitted. Insert table column numbers in all tables. Table B.1 Requirement
1 Verbal form shall is to is required to it is required that has to only is permitted it is necessary 2 Equivalent expression for use in exceptional cases

shall not

is not allowed (permitted) (acceptable) (permissible) is required to be not is required that be not is not to be Do not use must as an alternative for shall. (This will avoid any confusion between the requirements of a standard and external statutory obligations.)

Do not use may not instead of shall not to express a prohibition. To express a direct instruction, for example referring to steps to be taken in a test method, use the imperative mood. Example : Switch on the recorder.

B.3 Verbal forms that indicate recommendations

The verbal forms shown in table B.2 shall be used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others, or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required, or that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is deprecated but not prohibited. Table B.2 Recommendation
1 Verbal form should should not 2 Equivalent expression for use in exceptional cases it is recommended that ought to it is not recommended that ought not to

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NRS 001:2004

B.4 Verbal forms that indicate permission

The verbal forms shown in table B.3 are used to indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of the standard. Table B.3 Permission
1 Verbal form may 2 Equivalent expressions for use in exceptional cases is permitted is allowed is permissible it is not required that no is required

need not

Do not use possible or impossible in this context. Do not use can instead of may in this context. NOTE May signifies permission expressed by the standard, whereas can refers to the ability of a user of the standard or to a possibility open to him.

B.5 Verbal forms that indicate possibility and capability

The verbal forms shown in table B.4 are used for statements of possibility and capability, whether material, physical or causal. Table B.4 Possibility and capability
1 Verbal form can 2 Equivalent expressions for use in exceptional cases be able to there is a possibility of it is possible to be unable to there is no possibility of it is not possible to

cannot

NOTE See note to table 3.

B.6 The usage and application (in technical documents) of shall, should, may and will
B.6.1 Specifications
The principle that shall is reserved to signify a mandatory requirement in specifications has been well established. The rationale is as follows: A specification is the means of communicating a customers requirements for a product or service to be supplied by another party. To enable the customers to be assured that they receive the product or service in accordance with the specification, all mandatory requirements are written with Shall. For example, "The cable shall be 10 m long".

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24 Annex B
(continued)

The customer and supplier enter into a contract for the product or service to be supplied in accordance with the specification. By having all mandatory requirements shall requirements, the supplier is clear as to what has to be supplied, and also now contractually bound, because of the contract, which includes the mandatory requirements of the specification. In the case of physical products, by virtue of all mandatory requirements being identified by the use of shall, test houses are able to determine if the product can be certified as complying with the specification. The form shall is to be used for optional requirements too. If the customer selects that option, it becomes mandatory. For example, "When the electricity dispenser is provided with manual disconnecting facilities, such facilities shall comply with the requirements of SABS 152". If the customer needs additional requirements, these can, by mutual agreement, become mandatory for that specific contract only. This does not preclude having should statements for guidance of the user, but these are not within the scope of compliance with the specification, and could often be included in informative annexes.

B.6.2 Codes of practice (the term includes Guidelines)

A COP is also a specification, often self imposed. Furthermore a COP is frequently the subject of enforced application through legislation (e.g. SANS 10142-1), through Regulations of the OHS Act (NRS 048), through directives of the NER, or through internal directives or policies of Eskom. The practice has been to use the word should in such CoPs (and in the past in guidelines), to signify that while the specific action is preferred, or highly recommended, there might be other actions that might be valid. This creates the difficulty that no one is clear as to what extent any party is complying with the CoP. Hence it is proposed that all NRS specifications, whether annotated Specification or Code of practice, adopt shall for all mandatory requirements.

B.6.3 May/might
In the case of a code of practice, in particular, but also sometimes in specifications, it is often necessary, in addition to stating the basic requirement, to specify what other practices are allowed. In this case, the use of may is permitted. The following example is from SANS 10142-1: "All conductors of nominal cross-sectional area less than 16mm shall be of annealed copper. In the following cases alternative material may be used": a) earth continuity conductors; b) bonding conductors; and c) aerial conductors. May is only to be used in this context of permission. Might has the meaning of a possibility (The circuit breaker might sometimes trip during the test) and is only to be used in that context.
NOTE "could" and "could not" are alternatives to "might" and "might not".
2

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B.6.4 Will
The use of will has already been established in the context The purchaser will... to advise the supplier who is required to comply with the specification that in order for him to comply, the purchaser has to supply certain information, or perform certain actions. Very often, this relates to information to be provided by the purchaser in schedule A. For example, The following will be specified in schedule A: a) type of standard SDB required (see 4.2.1), b) the number of SDBs required, and c) whether a combined or a separate neutral-earth SDB is required. Will is only to be used in the context of intent by the purchaser.

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Annex C
(informative)

Miscellaneous information C.1 C.2 C.3 C.4

Dimensions shall be in millimetres not centimetres. Sentences shall end with a full stop. There shall be one space after the full stop between sentences in a paragraph.

When items are listed, the items may be identified, in accordance with ARP 013, using lower case alpha characters in a single bracket; subdivisions of items shall have arabic numerals, in a single bracket. An example of the use of list identifiers is given below. The following equipment shall be used: a) circuit-breakers; 1) oil-filled circuit-breakers, and 2) gas-filled (SF6) circuit-breakers ; b) c) anchor rods; and thimbles.

Alternatively "bullets" or the en dash may be used. (Use "Ctrl+Numerical minus" to access the en dash, or "Insert, Symbol, and select en dash under Special characters".)

C.5 C.6 C.7 C.8

Units (voltage, pascal, kelvin, etc.) shall be written in full in text. When writing a numerical value of units the symbol for the unit shall be used. For examples, 230 V, 800 Pa, 85 K. The use of trade names shall be avoided. Refer to 6.6.3 of ARP 013. It is not necessary to use the term "subclause" when referring to elements of text (e.g. "see 5.1.2.1").

When describing a range of numbers avoid using the hyphen or em rule which all have their own specific uses. Use the word "to". For examples, pages 19 to 25, 22 kV to 66 kV. The PC does not differentiate between the hyphen, em rule and numerical minus symbols. Avoid using foreign language abbreviations. Instead of "e.g." use "for example" in a sentence. The use of "e.g." in a table is acceptable. The use of "i.e." is acceptable.

C.9

C.10 When referring a user to an annex for further information about a subject, for example, (see annex A) do not repeat the referral again for the same subject.

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NRS 001:2004

Annex D
(informative)

Example of a guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry Annex A

(informative)

Guide to purchasers on preparing an enquiry A.1 General

A model form is given in annex B to provide the purchaser with a convenient aid to purchasing. The use of this form is intended to obviate the need for preparing a detailed technical specification. The purchaser need only specify compliance with this specification, provide the tenderers with details of any particular requirements, and set out the information he requires the tenderers to provide, as indicated below.

A.2 Schedules
A.2.1 General
The model form for purchasing schedules provides the purchaser with examples of a schedule A and a schedule B. In his enquiry, the purchaser should provide his own schedule A and schedule B, based on these examples.

A.2.2 Schedule A
Schedule A lists the requirements to be specified by the purchaser in enquiries and orders. These requirements include references to the relevant subclauses in this specification, to assist in compiling the schedules. Where the text of any referenced standard stipulates that the purchaser shall indicate his requirements, these requirements should also be specified in schedule A. The purchaser should set out his particular requirements and choices in his own schedule A.

A.2.3 Schedule B
The purchaser should draw up his own schedule B (based on the schedule B in the model form in annex B) and request the tenderer to fill in this schedule. By doing this, the tenderer will be stating compliance with this specification and will be providing the information the purchaser has requested.
NOTE 1 Where this specification allows the purchaser to make a choice, the example of schedule A (in the model form in annex B) lists the preferred items/values/quantities. In the interests of standardization, purchasers are encouraged not to deviate from these preferences. NOTE 2 When preparing his own schedule A and schedule B from the examples in the model form in annex B, the purchaser need include only the items he considers to be relevant or necessary. NOTE 3 These schedules, when completed, become normative annexes to the enquiry specification.

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Annex D
(concluded)

A.3 Commercial conditions

A purchaser will furthermore need to indicate the commercial conditions applicable and to draw up a price schedule. Requirements for delivery, storage, packaging and marking should be included in this part of the enquiry.

A.4 Quality assurance

This specification does not cover the purchasers possible requirements in respect of quality assurance, quality control, inspections, etc., since each purchaser needs to consider the criticality of the application of each component and his own policy towards these matters. Purchasers are referred to ISO 9001 for guidance.

A.5 Testing
Attention should be paid to the subject of testing and the related costs. Tests should be carried out by an accredited laboratory and tenderers should be requested to provide assurances in this regard. Price schedules should be so drawn up and covering letters so worded that the costs of all services, such as tests, delivery and spares, are declared and allowed for in the tender. Before type tests, routine tests and sample tests are carried out, the number of samples used and the frequency of sampling should be agreed upon with the supplier.

A.6 Revision of standards used as normative references

This specification, as has been indicated, is based on a set of defined standards, which might have been revised or amended. Most purchasers would, in principle, wish to employ the latest standards. The recommended approach is to secure an undertaking from a supplier to review the latest versions and amendments and to incorporate these where possible and agreeable to both parties. A blanket commitment to work to the latest versions of standards creates legal difficulties of interpretation and risks for both parties, and should be properly assessed. This invariably cannot be done in the time available.

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Annex E
(informative)

Example of a model form for schedules A and B Annex B

(informative)

Model form for schedules A and B

The model form is provided as a convenient aid to purchasing. Guidance on preparing an enquiry using this form is given in annex A. Schedule A: Purchaser's specific requirements Schedule B: Guarantees and particulars of equipment to be supplied (to be completed by tenderer) Item Subclause Description Schedule A Schedule B

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Bibliography 1 Standardized terminology

IEC 60050 (all parts), International electrotechnical vocabulary.
NOTE This bibliography lists ISO standard terminology in individual technical fields.

International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology (BIPM/IEC/ISO/OIML).

2 Quantities, units and their symbols

IEC 60027 (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology. ISO 31 (part 0 to part 13), Quantities and units. ISO 1000, SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units.

3 Technical drawings
IEC 60750, Item designation in electrotechnology. ISO 128, Technical drawings General principles of presentation. ISO 129, Technical drawings Dimensioning General principles, definitions, methods of execution and special indications. ISO 406, Technical drawings Tolerancing of linear and angular dimensions.

4 Abbreviations
ISO 639, Codes for the representation of names of languages. ISO 1951, Lexicographical symbols and topographical conventions for use in terminography.

5 Graphical symbols
IEC 60416, General principles for the formulation of graphical symbols. IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment Index, survey and compilation of the single sheets.
NOTE IEC 60417 is a loose-leaf publication; supplements, containing new and revised sheets, are issued from time to time. It is also available in two parts: IEC 604171, Overview and application, and IEC 604172, Symbol origins.

ISO 3461-1, General principles for the creation of graphical symbols Part 1: Graphical symbols for use on equipment. ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment Index and synopsis. NRS 002, Graphical symbols for electrical diagrams and drawings (a selection of symbols from IEC 60617 that are commonly used in the Electricity Supply Industry).

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Bibliography
(concluded)

6 Quality management system

SAS 9001/ISO 9001, Qualify management systems Requirements. SANS 9004/ISO 9004 (SABS ISO 9004), Quality management systems Guidelines for performance improvements.

7 Drafting of standards
ISO/IEC Directives Part 3: Rules for the structure and drafting of international standards.
NOTE 1 Standards produced by the following international standards committees can also be a source of reference: IEC/TC 56, Reliability and maintainability (see IEC catalogue). IEC/TC 75, Classification of environmental conditions (see IEC catalogue IEC 60721, 3 parts). ISO/TC 3, Limits and fits (see ISO catalogue 17.040.10) ISO/TC 19, Preferred numbers (see ISO catalogue ISO 3: 1973). ISO/TC 69, Applications of statistical methods (see ISO catalogue 03.120.30). NOTE 2 When specifications that address matters of safety are to be drafted, the following IEC Guide should be referred to: IEC Guide 60104, Guide to the drafting of safety standards, and the role of committees with safety pilot functions and safety group functions.

NRS 002, Graphical symbols for electrical diagrams. SANS 1-1, Standards for standards Part 1: The development of national standards and other normative documents.
Standards South Africa