MAT133

4/14/2010

Objectives: To be able to identify the notation of composite function To be able to find the inverse of the function To find f dd domain and d range f for composite and d inverse functions

2 Functions

HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

Composite
For functions f and g the composite function p g by f, denoted has range values defined by

( f D g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = fg ( x )

( x)

g( x)

f ( g ( x ))

HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

MAT133

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Example 1 Which one is the same as ( f D g )( x ) 1. 2. 3. 4. fg fg(x) g(x) ( ) (fg)(x) f(x)g(x) gf(x)

Answer Now

HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

Example 2 Given f ( x ) = x 3 and g ( x ) = 1 + x 2 . Find the following ) fg(x) g( ) b) ) f(g(3)) (g( )) a) c) g(f(x)) d) gf(3) Solution a) f ( g ( x ) ) = f 1 + x 2
f ( g ( x )) = 1 + x 2

b)

f ( g ( 3 ) ) = ( 10 )

f ( g ( 3)) = 1 + 3 2
3

f ( g ( 3 ) ) = 1000

HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

MAT133

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Example 2 (cont.) Given f ( x ) = x 3 and g ( x ) = 1 + x 2 . Find the following ) g( g(f(x)) ( )) d) ) gf(3) g ( ) c) Solution g ( f ( x )) = g x 3 c)

( ) g ( f ( x )) = 1 + ( x )

d)

g ( f ( 3)) = g 3 3

3 2

g ( f ( 3 ) ) = g ( 27 )

( )

g ( f ( x ) ) = 1 + x6

g ( f ( 3 ) ) = 1 + ( 27 ) g ( f ( 3 ) ) = 730

HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

Example 3 f ( x ) = ( x 1 ) 2 +4 . Find the function of g Given . if fg(x) fg(x) is given by fg ( x ) = 4 x 2 20 x + 29 Solution

fg ( x ) = ( g ( x ) 1) + 4 = 4 x 2 20 x + 29
2 2

( g ( x ) 1) + 4 = 4 x 2 20 x + 29 2 ( g ( x ) 1) = 4 x 2 20 x + 29 4 2 ( g ( x ) 1) = 4 x 2 20 x + 25 2 ( g ( x ) 1) = ( 2 x 5 )2
g( x) 1 = 2 x 5

g( x) = 2x 4
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MAT133

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Example 4 Given h ( x ) = x + 5 . Find the function of f if 1 fh(x) fh (x) is given by fh ( x ) =

x2

Solution
Let

h( x ) = y y = x+5
f ( y) =

x = y5

1 ( y 5) 2 1 1 f ( y) = Therefore, f ( x ) = y 7 x 7
HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

Example 5

1 Given f ( x ) = 3 x + 2 and g ( x ) = . x+3 Find f D g , g D f , g D ( g D f ) and their domain and range

Solution
Domain of f(x) : all real number Domain of g(x) : x -3 Range : all real number Range : g(x) 0

1 f Dg= f x+3 1 fg ( x ) = 3 +2 x+3 9 + 2x fg ( x ) = x+3

Domain : x -3 Range : fg fg(x) (x) 2

HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

MAT133

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Example 5 (cont.)

1 Given f ( x ) = 3 x + 2 and g ( x ) = . x+3 Find f D g , g D f , g D ( g D f ) and their domain and range

Solution
Domain of f(x) : all real number Domain of g(x) : x -3 Range : all real number Range : g(x) 0

g D f = g ( 3x + 2 ) 1 gf ( x ) = ( 3 x + 2) + 3

gf ( x ) =

1 3x + 5

Domain : x -5/3 Range : gf(x) gf(x) 0

HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

Example 5 (cont.)

1 Given f ( x ) = 3 x + 2 and g ( x ) = . x+3 Find f D g , g D f , g D ( g D f ) and their domain and range

Solution
Domain of f(x) : all real number Domain of g(x) : x -3 Range : all real number Range : g(x) 0

1 g D g D f = g 3x + 5 1 g ( gf f ( x )) = 1 3x + 5 + 3 1 g ( gf ( x ) ) = 1 + 3( x + 5 ) 3x + 5

g ( gf ( x ) ) =

3x + 5 16 + 3 x

Domain : x -5/3, - 16/3 Range : gf(x) gf(x) 1

HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

MAT133

4/14/2010

Inverse
Two functions f and g (one(one-toto-one) are said to be inverse functions if and only if 1. . For each x in n the domain doma n of g, g(x) is s in n the domain of f and 2. For each x in the domain of f, f(x) is in the domain of g and

( f D g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = x ( g D f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = x ( x)
f

Domain f

f ( x)

Range f

Range f-1

f 1

Domain f-1
HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

Inverse
f ( x)
y 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 x 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

f 1 ( x )

The graph of inverse is symmetrical to the line y = x

HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

MAT133

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Example 1 Given f ( x ) = x 3 1 and g ( x ) = 3 x + 1 . Determine whether f ( x ) = g 1 ( x )

Solution Let g 1 ( x ) = y Using the definition of inverse g g 1 ( x ) = x

g( y) = 3 y + 1 = x
y + 1 = x3
Therefore,

y = x3 1

g 1 ( x ) = x 3 1 = f ( x )
HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

Example 2
, fin Given h(x) = 5. Decide whether h(x) has an inverse or not.

S l ti Solution

Since h(x) is not a oneone-toto-one function, therefore, it does not have an inverse
HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

MAT133

4/14/2010

Example 3

Let f be the function f ( x ) = 1 1 find f ( x ) and gf ( x )

2x + 4 2 and g ( x ) = x 1 3

Solution Let f 1 ( x ) = y Using the definition of inverse f f 1 ( x ) = x 2y+4 f ( y) = =x 3 2 y + 4 = 3x

3x 4 y= 2

Therefore,

f 1 ( x ) =

3x 4 2
HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

Example 3 (cont.)

Let f be the function f ( x ) = 1 1 find f ( x ) and gf ( x ) Solution 3x 4 g f 1 ( x ) = g 2

2x + 4 2 and g ( x ) = x 1 3

3x 4 = 1 2
9 x 2 24 x + 16 4 = 4 2 9 x 24 x + 12 = 1 3 x 2 3 x 6 ( )( ) = 4 4
HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

MAT133

4/14/2010

Example 4
Sketch the following graph and its inverse on the same coordinate. Determine the domain of the inverse function. f ( x) = x3 1 y=x f ( x) Solution
y

f 1 ( x )
x

HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

Example 5
Sketch the following graph and its inverse on the same coordinate. Determine the domain of the inverse function. f ( x ) = x + 1 , x 1 Solution

f 1 ( x )

y=x

f ( x)

HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

MAT133

4/14/2010

Example 6
Sketch the following graph and its inverse on the same coordinate. Determine the domain of the inverse function. f ( x ) = x 2 + 2, x 0 y=x
f ( x)

Solution
f 1 ( x )

HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

Example 7
Find the inverse function of the following functions. Determine the domain of each inverse. x f ( x) = , x 2 x + 2 Solution

f 1 ( x ) = y
By definition,

f ( y) = x

y f ( y) = =x y+2 y = x ( y + 2)
y = xy + 2 x y xy = 2 x

y (1 x ) = 2 x 2x y= 1 x
Therefore,

f 1 ( x ) =

2x 1 x
HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

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Example 7 (cont.)
Find the inverse function of the following functions. Determine the domain of each inverse. x f ( x) = , x 2 x + 2 Solution
So, the domain of

f 1 ( x ) =

2x 1 x

Domain : x 1

Example 8
Find the inverse function of the following functions. Determine the domain of each inverse. 2x + 3 f ( x) = , x1 x 1 Solution

f 1 ( x ) = y
By definition,

f ( y) = x 2y + 3 f ( y) = =x y1 2 y + 3 = x ( y 1) 2 y = xy x 3

y(2 x) = x 3 x 3 y= 2x
Therefore,

f 1 ( x ) =

2 y xy = x 3

x 3 2 x
HASFAZILAH AHMAT JAN 2010

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MAT133

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Example 8 (cont.)
Find the inverse function of the following functions. Determine the domain of each inverse. 2x + 3 f ( x) = , x1 x 1 Solution
So, the domain of

f 1 ( x ) =

x 3 2 x

Domain : x 2

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