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1. Summary Being Student in the field of electrical power Engineering, Electrical protection is one of the most important subjects one needs to have a deep understanding in order to be successful in this field. However, as part of Electrical protection III, we have carried out practical experiment on current transformer with different testing such as polarity, ratio test as well as finding of saturation point on a magnetizing curve of a CT. During this practical experiment all safety rules and use of proper tools for different tasks were respected. In the next part of this report includes the objective, the methodology and a conclusion for the practical experiment done. 2. Objective The object of this practical was to help us apply the knowledge gained in the classroom to find the polarity, ratio and the magnetizing curve of a Current Transformer using a voltmeter, ammeter and a variac. The magnetizing curve helped us know the saturation point or in other words how much current the CT in question is able to support. This saturation point is discovered when we start noticing a great increase in voltage magnitude with a much smaller increase in current as drawn in this report. 3. Methodology Name plates
Protection Transformer Serial No. 58461-2 STD: IEC 60044-1BIL 0.66kV Ratio: 200/5 Frequency: 50/60 VA: 10 Class: 10P10 R (ohms): 0.6 Metering Transformer Serial No. 588462-3 STD: IEC 60044-1BIL 0.66kV Ratio: 50/1 Frequency: 50/60 VA: 5 Class: 3.0

The first thing we started with was the testing of all components namely, measuring instrument, all selected cables by doing continuity test to whether see there was an interruption inside the cable or not. We also

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did find the visual inspection of all equipment to visually see whether they are safe and in good condition for use. A current transformer had to be tested to find out its ratio, polarity and magnetizing curve which had to be plotted. By taking the wire and cantering it to the secondary winding of the current transformer or passing it through the secondary of the CT this formed a primary of this transformer and allowed us to continue the polarity test which we found that S2 was + and S2 was and the ratio given on the name plate was 50/1. A battery was connected to the primary circuit via a momentary contact push button. Polarity Test Finding

When the secondary is connected to the Ammeter as shown in the figure above and that the needle deviates in one direction and when opening the push button it deviates in opposite direction; then by doing this with the position terminal of the battery connected to P1 and positive terminal of the Ammeter connected to S2 this means the polarity is correct. Therefore we found that S2 was positive and S1 was negative. The test of the two current transformers was done following the same procedure in order to do the polarity test of the secondary side of the ct and the ratings of each transformer as by their name plate are:

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VA=5VA 0.66KV F=50HZ, 0.66KV F=50HZ Ratio Test Finding Ammeter (current) 20.5 10

VA=10VA, R=0.5 ohms

Multimeter (Ammeter) Types of Fault applied 3.66 Line to line (red and blue phases) 1.83 Line to earth fault

From the findings in the table above it can be concluded that: CT1 Ratio= 3.66/20.5=0.178 and CT2 Ratio=1.83/10=0.183

Magnetizing curve findings After doing all the test recognizing our polarities and all other component to allowed us to carry on with the practical, we were able to do the practical of the magnetizing curve to see the saturation point of the CT by setting the circuit as shown in the figure below, the secondary of the transformer is energized via a 10A variac leaving the primary open circuited. The voltage on the variac set gradually up to a value where we started noticing a very little increase in current for big increase in voltage magnitude, this indicated that we reached the saturation point for that particular transformer. The following are the tables with readings taken from the Ammeter for different variation of voltage on the variac; these will help us to plot various knee points on the next pages.

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Table 1

V(v) I(A)

13 0.08

15.8 0.09

17.5 0.10

18.5 0.10

19.5 0.11

20.5 0.13

21.5 0.14

23 0.17

25 0.51

magnetizing curve
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 magnetizing curve

Table 2 V(v) 14.1 21.6 30.3 40 50 61.5 70 81.9 90 100 105 I(A) 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.38 0.74

magnetizing curve
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 magnetizing curve

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4. Conclusion This practical helped us to apply the knowledge acquire in classroom about instrument transformers to determining the polarity, ratio and magnetizing curve of a particular current transformer to see how it behaves when the voltage is being change gradually and we noticed that at a certain level of voltage, the current is almost not changing and there is noise coming out, which tells that we have basically reached the saturation point for that particular CT. this could also be noticed from the graphs plotted in this report where we took down different values of current for different change in voltage.

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